Internal-External Control and Causal Attributions of Own and Others' Performance

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn L. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
External Factors ◽  
External Control ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
High Degree

In a 3 × 3 factorial design, 69 subjects with a high, medium, or low perceived internal control on Rotter's I-E scale judged the degree to which they thought three grades on a classroom examination resulted from effort and ability (internal factors) as opposed to type of test and luck (external factors). The three grades were the subject's own grade, the highest grade in class, and the lowest grade in class. Results showed that subjects with a high degree of internal control on the I-E scale attributed all three grades to internal factors significantly more than subjects with a low degree of internal control. Internal attributions were significantly higher for the highest grade in class than for the others.

Dependency and Compliance in Academic Research Infrastructures

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehouda A. Shenhav
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
University Research ◽  
External Control ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Choice Processes ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
Problem Choice ◽  
High Degree

The article explores the process by which academic research settings become influenced by external funders upon whom they depend for vital resources. The emerging resource relations between university research and external funders give rise to an academic infrastructure that deviates from the traditional model of autonomy and freedom of science, and increasingly comes to resemble the context of nonacademic research settings. Based on data collected in Israel, it was found that externally funded academic research shows a low degree of autonomy, a high degree of structural formalization, and low influence of the scientific literature on problem-choice processes. External control affects the nature of the research product as well. Whereas the rate of published papers (articles) declines, the rate of unpublished papers (technical reports) increases with external funds. These observations suggest that the distinction between academic and nonacademic research settings is inappropriate for explaining the variance among different research infrastructures. Rather, the nature of the dependency situation accounts for their specific characteristics. The results have implications for the study of stratification in science and the growth of scientific and technological knowledge.

The Role of Causal Attributions in Sport Consumers' Emotions and Satisfaction Judgment

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Woo Kim ◽  
Seung Hoon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
External Control ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect

We examined the role of causal attributions of sport consumers in the formation of emotions and satisfaction judgment. Participants were 165 students at a large university in the southeastern United States. Through a series of hierarchical regression analyses, their attribution processes were found to be an important antecedent of their consumption emotions. Specifically, internal causes that related to the game outcome (e.g., internal control and stability) had a significant positive impact on their feelings of pride and a significant negative effect on their shame, whereas external control had a significant positive impact on their anger and a significant negative effect on their feelings of gratitude. Thus, both internal control and stability appeared to be the most influential causal attribution dimensions in predicting consumer satisfaction with the outcome of a game. From a practical perspective, marketing campaigns emphasizing a sporting team's season-long stability may enhance sport consumers' satisfaction.

Impact of the Locus of Causality and Internal Control on the Social Utility of Causal Explanations

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Perrin ◽  
Benoît Testé
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
External Control ◽  
Job Interview ◽  
Locus Of Causality ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types

Research into the norm of internality ( Beauvois & Dubois, 1988 ) has shown that the expression of internal causal explanations is socially valued in social judgment. However, the value attributed to different types of internal explanations (e.g., efforts vs. traits) is far from homogeneous. This study used the Weiner (1979 ) tridimensional model to clarify the factors explaining the social utility attached to internal versus external explanations. Three dimensions were manipulated: locus of causality, controllability, and stability. Participants (N = 180 students) read the explanations expressed by appliants during a job interview. They then described the applicants on the French version of the revised causal dimension scale and rated their future professional success. Results indicated that internal-controllable explanations were the most valued. In addition, perceived internal and external control of explanations were significant predictors of judgments.

Kegunaan Informasi Akuntansi dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Internal oleh Unit Akuntansi Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (UAKPA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-91
Author(s):  
Karno Pandu Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Information Use ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Accrual Accounting ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Accrual Basis ◽  
Cash Basis

This study aims to determine the usefulness level of accounting information (on cash basis and accrual basis) in central goverment agencies internal decision-making process. In addition, this study also aims to determine the influence of the organization’s external factors, the organization's internal factors and Individual Actor’s Characteristic Related Factors on the level of use of accounting information in central goverment agencies internal decision making.The research show that  level of accrual accounting information use in the context of internal decision making is high. In addition it showed differences between  level of cash-based accounting information use and accrual-based accounting information use. This study also addressed that the organization’s external factors, the organization's internal factors and individual actor’s characteristic related factors significantly influence both level of accounting information use  on cash basis and accrual basis in the internal decision-making. Except for the organization’s external factors  did not significantly affect the level of accrual accounting information use  in the internal decision-making.   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kegunaan informasi akuntansi (berbasis kas dan akrual) dalam proses pengambilan keputusan internal Unit Akuntansi Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (UAKPA). Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor eksternal organisasi, faktor internal organisasi dan faktor karakteristik individu pengguna terhadap tingkat penggunaan informasi akuntansi dalam pengambilan keputusan internal Unit Akuntansi Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (UAKPA).Temuan peneliti menunjukan bahwa tingkat penggunaan informasi akuntansi berbasis akrual tinggi dalam rangka pengambilan keputusan internal. Selain itu penelitian menunjukan adanya perbedaan tingkat penggunaan antara informasi akutansi berbasis kas dan informasi akutansi berbasis akrual. Penelitian juga menujukan bahwa faktor eksternal organisasi, faktor internal organisasi dan faktor karakteristik individu pengguna berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat penggunaan informasi akuntansi (berbasis kas dan akrual) dalam pengambilan keputusan internal. Kecuali untuk faktor eksternal organisasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat penggunaan informasi akuntansi akrual dalam pengambilan keputusan internal.

Pengaruh Inflasi, BI Rate, NPF, dan BOPO terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Toufan Aldian Syah
Keyword(s):  
Banking Industry ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Test Correlation ◽  
The Ideal

Banking industry has a very important role in economic development in a country. Indonesia, which is the largest Muslim country in the world, certainly has the prospect of the development of Sharia Banking Industry is very good in the future. However, the development of Sharia Bank has been slowing down in recent years and the profitability of sharia comercial banking is still below the ideal value. This study aims to determine the internal factors and external factors that affect the profitability of Sharia Bank in the year of January 2012 until August 2017. The variables used in this study are ROA, Inflation, NPF, and BOPO. The data used is aggregate data of all Sharia Commercial Banks recorded at Bank Indonesia. Measurement of Statistic Description, F-Test, T-Test, Correlation Coefficient, Coefficient of Determination and Multiple Linear Regression using IBM SPSS 21 software. The results showed that significant negative effect of BI rate, NPF and BOPO was found, while Inflation variable showed negative but not significant. Overall, the above variables affect the ROA of 87.7%, while 12.3% is likely to be influenced by other factors.

ANALISIS PENGARUH ERUBAHAN TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA SBI DAN PERUBAHAN KURS US$ TERHADAP HARGA PASAR SAHAM SEMEN GRESIK, TBK PERIODE JANUARI 2002 – DESEMBER 2006

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktafalia Marisa ◽  
Maya Syafriana
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Price Fluctuation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Investment Behaviour

<p class="Pendahuluan">Investment climate has begun to rise since a few years ago. Stock price fluctuations keep stable and move to the positive position. Stock price fluctuation affected by two factors, internal factors and external factors. Internal factors consist of company’s cash flow, dividend and investment behaviour. External factors consist of monetary policy, exchange rate, interest volatility, globalization, companies’ competition, and technology. This research, try to find out the effects of SBI rate and exchanged rate (USD/Rp) to PT. Semen Gresik’s stock price.</p><p class="Pendahuluan"> </p><p class="Pendahuluan">Keywords : Investment, stock price, SBI’s rate, and Exchanged rate.</p>

STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MAKANAN KHAS KOTA CURUP KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onsardi Onsardi
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The title of this study is the Strategy of Increasing Consumer Food Loyalty in CurupCity, Rejang Lebong Regency (Case Study in "Henvian" Typical Food Industry). Thisresearch is based on the importance of strategies in increasing business and consumerloyalty to products sold.Strategies to increase business and consumer loyalty can bedone with a SWOT analysis. Place of this research is the "Henvian" shop that sellstypical Rejang lebong food. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative.Informants in this study were people who were considered to know for certain about theHENVIAN Specialty Food Store in Curup City, Rejang Lebong Regency. The dataanalysis technique used in this study is a SWOT analysis to determine the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a typical Rejang Lebong food business.By using SWOT analysis techniques that consist of strengths (weakness), weaknesses(weakness), opportunities (opportnity) and threats (threath). The results of this studycan be concluded that the internal factors that are the strength of the marketing strategyare the quality of the product that is good at a price affordable to the public andtourists, service that is friendly and responsive to consumer needs, as well astechnological advancements that facilitate the promotion of business. Internal factorsthat are a weakness are often lack of stock, there are some products that do not meet thestandard packaging, the product shelf life is short, employees do not use uniforms.External factors that become opportunities are a fairly high economic community,abundant raw materials while external factors that are a threat are the manycompetitors, an unstable economy, the price of basic needs increases. Based on theresults of the SWOT analysis of internal and external factors, the strategy used is toimprove product quality by improving the appearance of packaging and quality ofcontent and quality of service by providing uniforms to employees and providingstandards of service to consumers. .Keywords: Strategy, Consumer Loyalty, SWOT

Determinants of Islamic Bank Profitability: Evidence from Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Puji Sucia Sukmaningrum ◽  
Kashan Pirzada ◽  
Sylva Alif Rusmita ◽  
Fatin Fadhilah Hasib ◽  
Tika Widiastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Islamic Bank

Objective – Islamic Banks have a distinct advantage that is not only conduct a commercial operation, but to also conduct social operations. Therefore, Islamic Banks plays an important role in developing the Indonesian economy. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of internal and external factors that affect the profitability of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Methodology/Technique – The methodology of this research is multiple regression. The object of this research is the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia. Internal factors include size, liquidity, asset quality, management, and efficiency ratio. External factors include interest rate and inflation. Return on Assets is used to measure profitability. The monthly data is collected from the financial reports of Islamic Banks between 2011 to 2016. Findings – The findings show that size, liquidity, assets quality, management ratio, interest rate and inflation lead to a greater Return on Assets (profitability) in Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Efficiency however does not have a significant effect on profitability of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Novelty – Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the Islamic banking industry can use those variables to improve the profitability of Islamic banks in the future. In addition, there are two variables that affect the profitability of Islamic banking industry. For the Islamic banking industry should anticipate the movement of inflation and interest to improve the profitability of Islamic banks. Type of Paper: Empirical paper. Keywords: Islamic Banks; Profitability; Internal Factors; External Factors; Indonesia. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Sukmaningrum, P.S; Pirzada, K; Rusmita, S.A; Hasib, F.F; Widiastuti, T; Hendratmi, A. 2020. Determinants of Islamic Bank Profitability: Evidence from Indonesia, J. Fin. Bank. Review, 5 (1): pp. 01 – 13 https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2020.5.1(1) JEL Classification: G21, G24.

Strategic determinants for introduction of innovation to the market

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Innovative Product ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Moment

All innovative products implemented by enterprises can be classified into two categories: radical innovation or improvements. If the first category is almost exclusively the result of breakthrough scientific research, then the second is a consequence of management actions to further improve previous innovative products. Improvements, in contrast to radical innovations, are a relatively less studied direction. In most cases, the moment the radical innovations enter the market is difficult to predict. However, the introduction of improvements to the market is determined by management. At the same time, management, making a decision on introducing an innovative product to the market, focuses on internal and external factors. Internal factors are organizational readiness to introduce an innovative product, and external factors are market necessity. The latter implies, if possible, a reaction to the actions of competitors, who also introduce innovations. The problematic question remains relevant: how do various external and internal factors determine the choice of the moment the innovation is brought to the market. What has a decisive influence on such a strategic choice? The purpose of this study was to investigate how competing and complementary technological events in the environment affect an enterprise’s launch of innovative products on the market. The study was carried out based on the analysis of scientific publications on the economics of innovation and publications on competitive rivalry. The main conclusion: strategies for improvements, as a rule, become less focused on the internal determinants of bringing innovations to the market as market concentration increases, and at the same time, they are increasingly reacting both to competitors’ innovations and innovations in additional technologies. Thus competitive pressure in the industry is an important determinant of the strategic choice to bring innovation to the market.

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