scholarly journals Speed Perception In L2

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Carmen Barreiro Bilbao
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Perceptual Difficulty ◽  
Speed Perception ◽  
Phonetic Categories ◽  
Different Levels

Theories  of speech perception provide a theoretical framework within which to conduct experiments and test hypotheses. These theories should not only show the relation and degree of integration between different levels of information but should incorporate mechanisms to deal with developmental change or the effects of the linguitic environment on speech perception. The relevance of these factors is particularly important when concerning the perceptual difficulties encountered in the acquisition of second languages. The present paper is a review of the maing current theories of L2 Phonetics which try to predict (and explain) the relative perceptual difficulty of non-native phonetic categories.

Integrating Theories of Working Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 389-430
Author(s):  
Robert H. Logie ◽  
Clément Belletier ◽  
Jason M. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Levels Of Explanation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Multiple Component ◽  
Different Levels

Multiple theories of working memory are described in the chapters of this book and often these theories are viewed as being mutually incompatible, yet each is associated with a supporting body of empirical evidence. This chapter argues that many of these differences reflect different research questions, different levels of explanation, and differences in how participants perform their assigned tasks in different laboratories, rather than fundamental theoretical adversity. It describes a version of a multiple component working memory in which a range of specialized cognitive functions (or mental tools) act in concert, giving the impression, at a different level of explanation, of a unified cognitive system. The chapter argues that more rapid and more substantial scientific progress on the understanding of the concept of working memory would be achieved through identifying the levels of explanation explored within each theoretical framework, and attempting to integrate theoretical frameworks rather than perpetuating debate with no clear resolution in sight.

Use of Symbols for Defining a Role: Do Clothes Make the Athlete?

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha A. Casselman-Dickson ◽  
Mary Lynn Damhorst
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Gender Role Socialization ◽  
Role Definition ◽  
Psychological Model ◽  
Role Socialization ◽  
Intervening Factors ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of this study was to determine whether cyclists at different levels of involvement in the sport differ in their use of cycling clothing for role definition A social psychological model provides the theoretical framework for the study of 56 female bicyclists. Lower involved cyclists did not show a tendency to use dress to compensate for lack of achievement in the sport role. In addition, no differences were found between higher involved and lower involved cyclists in their expression of individuality through dress and conforming behavior to other cyclists. Possible intervening factors, such as gender role socialization, subcultural norms and traditions, experience, and achievement motivation, as evidenced in previous and present research, were discussed as to how they may confound applicability of the model.

scholarly journals Democracy, Islam and Party System in Indonesia: towards a consensus-oriented model?

PCD Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Pal Istvan Gyene
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parliamentary Politics ◽  
Different Levels

This paper argues that the impact of “Islam” on the Indonesian political system is worth studying on three different levels: 1. society’s political divisions; 2. the party system 3. parliamentary politics. I contend that there is a specifically Indonesian “consensus-oriented” democracy model involved in the process—which is not, however, without Western predecessors—wherein political Islam and Islamist parties act not as destabilising factors but rather as “Muslim democratic” forces that strengthen democratic consensus in a manner similar to some “Western” Christian democratic parties. This research is based partly on a historical and, implicitly, comparative approach. It builds strongly on the theoretical framework and methodology of Sartori’s classic party system typology, Lijphardt’s “majoritarian” and “consensus-based” democracy model, and the so-called neo-institutionalist debate on the possible advantages and disadvantages of parliamentary and presidential governments.  

scholarly journals A Theoretical Framework on Sustainable Supply Chains: Barriers to Measuring Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Alexei Pérez-Velázquez ◽  
Jorge Laureano Moya-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chain ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

The direction for the construction of a sustainable supply chain concept has an evolution and contribution of multiple disciplines that have been elaborated by academic and business bias. From this point on, defining a concept of this subject represents an issue that demands an interpretative effort, since several factors and theoretical approaches influence this category. The objective of this article is to demarcate a theoretical framework on sustainable supply chains and relate it to the barriers present in the measurement of sustainable performance. The method applied in this assessment combines systematic literature review, qualitative analysis of content and bibliometrics, through interconnected steps, which allow a detailing of the dimensions and under dimensions of the sustainability in the supply chain and the identification of the barriers that are associated with the measurement of performance. The material considered is supported through theoretical and empirical studies, which approached the formulation of the concepts and their applicability at different levels of the supply chain. This allows the content analysis to demarcate certain stages of development and the different theoretical approaches that respond and assist the concept. The results contribute to the definition of a roadmap to measure of sustainable performance, an issue that is the basis of future studies over this theme.

Entrepreneurship imperatives in higher education institutions: The case of Australian Universities

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222110597
Author(s):  
Quan A Nguyen ◽  
Alex Maritz ◽  
Jan A Millemann
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Entrepreneurial Universities ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Automated Content Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Integration ◽  
Entrepreneurship Ecosystems ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Australian Universities

Earlier research has not explicitly emphasised the dynamic integration of entrepreneurship imperatives and transformation in developing the entrepreneurial university. The purpose of this research is to examine the linkage between the strategic intents articulated by universities and their corresponding level of entrepreneurship transformation. This article develops a theoretical framework to examine transformational imperatives, applying a data analytical approach to assess strategic documents using automated content analysis and complex algorithms. Australian universities were chosen for the research given the specific context of the higher education sector and the availability of strategic documents on the institutions’ websites. In the research context, the findings show that, while there are some variances with specific institutions, Australian universities in general, and several groups of universities in particular, expressed different levels of determination, ranging from moderate to moderately strong, to transform themselves into being entrepreneurial. Universities’ management can benefit from the theoretical framework developed in this research to craft strategies to further adopt entrepreneurship imperatives. Implications are also provided to inform universities, industry and government with regard to enhancing the dynamics of entrepreneurship ecosystems.

Knowledge Age Standards

2000 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesha Y. Sivan
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Knowledge Age ◽  
Different Levels

The diverse uses of “standards” define the goal of this work, namely, to develop a general framework of standards and to reflect on the process and outcome of the development of the framework. My intention is to devise a theoretical framework that may be translated into practice at some future point. The principle outcome is a framework of standards that includes five dimensions: Level, Purpose, Effect, Sponsor, and Stage, each of which contains five categories that together define the dimension. The dimensions show: • how standards can be produced and used by entities from different Levels (individual, organizational, associational, national, and multinational); • how they can have one or more Purposes (simplification, communication, harmonization, protection, and valuation); • how they can cause diverse Effects (constructive, positive, unknown, negative, and destructive); • how they can be developed by different Sponsors (devoid, nonsponsored, unisponsored, multisponsored, and mandated); and • how they can be in different Stages (missing, emerging, existing, declining, and dying). In presenting the framework, the chapter also touches on the roles of standards in the industrial age, their potential roles in the knowledge age, and the current turmoil in the standards community. It includes reflections on designing and judging the framework.

Speech Perception in Infancy

2013 ◽  
pp. 908-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet F. Werker ◽  
Judit Gervain
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
First Year ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Input ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Different Levels

We discuss the development of speech perception and its contribution to the acquisition of the native language(s) during the first year of life, reviewing recent empirical evidence as well as current theoretical debates. We situate the discussion in an epigenetic framework in an attempt to transcend the traditional nature/nurture controversy. As we illustrate, some perceptual and learning mechanisms are best described as experience-expectant processes, embedded in our biology and awaiting minimal environmental input, while others are experience-dependent, emerging as a function of sufficient exposure and learning. We argue for a cascading model of development, whereby the initial biases guide learning and constrain the influence of the environmental input. To illustrate this, we first review the perceptual abilities of newborn infants, then discuss how these broad-based abilities are attuned to the native language at different levels (phonology, syntax, lexicon etc.).

De verwerving van woordklemtoon in perspectief

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Paula Fikkert
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Stress System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Word Stress ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Innate Knowledge ◽  
Infant Speech Perception ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract The acquisition of word stress in perspectiveThis paper reflects on the acquisition of Dutch word stress reported in Nederlandse Taalkunde 1 (1996), where I argued that children systematically build up a grammar for word stress that fits a parameter framework without assuming innate knowledge. In the past 25 years this work has been praised and criticized because (a) the theoretical framework changed to Optimality Theory, (b) the proposed stages did not always adequately fit the data, and (c) new evidence from infant speech perception suggested that children know the word stress system before they start speaking. To fully understand how children acquire word stress, the next 25 year requires researchers from various disciplines to join forces to study representations and perception-production processes in tandem, the mechanisms that cause learning, and the interaction of word stress with other linguistic subdomains.

scholarly journals Why a developmental perspective is critical for understanding human cognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean D'Souza ◽  
Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Change ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Neural Reuse

AbstractThe evidence that Anderson (2014) marshals in support of his theory of neural reuse is persuasive. However, his theoretical framework currently lacks a developmental dimension. We argue that an account of the fundamental aspects of developmental change, as well as the temporal context within which change occurs, would greatly enhance Anderson's theory.

scholarly journals Does early motor development contribute to speech perception?

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawoon Choi ◽  
Padmapriya Kandhadai ◽  
D. Kyle Danielson ◽  
Alison G. Bruderer ◽  
Janet F. Werker
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Infant Perception ◽  
Psychology Community ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractAt the end of the target article, Keven & Akins (K&A) put forward a challenge to the developmental psychology community to consider the development of complex psychological processes – in particular, intermodal infant perception – across different levels of analysis. We take up that challenge and consider the possibility that early emerging stereotypies might help explain the foundations of the link between speech perception and speech production.

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