Nowe surowce roślinne w Farmakopei Europejskiej. Część I. Gatunki rodzaju Bupleurum (przewiercień) – źródło nowego surowca saponinowego

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Agnieszka Sondej ◽  
Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz ◽  
Radosław J. Ekiert ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Bupleuri Radix

One of the last supplements to the European Pharmacopoeia (Supl. 9.4) introduces several new herbal medicinal raw materials, so far unknown and not used in official Central European phytotherapy. The article describes plant species from Bupleurum genus providing new saponin raw material. The botanical and ecological characteristics as well as the current state of research on the chemistry of pharmacopoeial species from that genus were presented. The confirmed by scientific researches therapeutic applications of plant raw material – Bupleuri radix, were described particularly. Attention was paid to the position of that raw material in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It was emphasized that for about 20 years, it has had the World Health Organization (WHO) monograph. In addition, the importance of this plant in the food industry and its increasing status in the cosmetic industry were pointed. The aim of the article is the popularization of basic knowledge about pharmacopoeial species from Bupleurum genus in the Polish pharmaceutical, medical and phytotherapeutical environment.

Nowe surowce roślinne w Farmakopei Europejskiej. Cz. 2. Rozwar wielkokwiatowy (Platycodon grandiflorus) – źródło nowego surowca saponinowego

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Agnieszka Sondej ◽  
Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz ◽  
Radosław J. Ekiert ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Environment ◽  
Platycodi Radix ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

In the one of the last supplements to the European Pharmacopoeia (Supl. 9.4) figures several herbal medicinal raw materials, so far unknown and not used in official Central European phytotherapy. In the first part of planed article series, the therapeutic values of species from Bupleurum genus, which are a new saponin providing raw materials, were presented. The second part is devoted to the botanical, ecological and chemical characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorus (balloon flower). This species also provides the new saponin raw material – Platycodi radix. The major part of the article is concerned to the review of different therapeutic applications of that raw material confirmed by the scientific researches. In the article the well established use in the traditional chinese medicine was emphasized. Moreover, the attention was paid also on the fact, that for about 20 years, plant has had the World Health Organization (WHO) monograph. In addition, the importance of the plant in the food and cosmetic industry was pointed. The aim of the article is familiarization with the basic knowledge about this species in the pharmaceutical and medical environment.

scholarly journals Exclusion of Pregnant Women from Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Review of International Registries

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (08) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin D. Smith ◽  
Jessica L. Pippen ◽  
Adebayo A. Adesomo ◽  
Kara M. Rood ◽  
Mark B. Landon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Points ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry

Objective Pregnant women have been historically excluded from clinical trials for nonobstetric conditions, even during prior epidemics. The objective of this review is to describe the current state of research for pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Study Design We conducted a search of international trial registries for trials relating to the novel coronavirus. The eligibility criteria for each trial were reviewed for inclusion/exclusion of pregnant women. Relevant data were extracted and descriptive statistics were calculated for individual and combined data. The total number of trials from each registry were compared, as well as the proportions of pregnancy-related trials within each. Results Among 621,370 trials in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, 927 (0.15%) were COVID-19 related. Of those, the majority (52%) explicitly excluded pregnancy or failed to address pregnancy at all (46%) and only 16 (1.7%) were pregnancy specific. When categorized by region, 688 (74.2%) of COVID-19 trials were in Asia, followed by 128 (13.8%) in Europe, and 66 (7.2%) in North America. Of the COVID-19 trials which included pregnant women, only three were randomized-controlled drug trials. Conclusion Approximately 1.7% of current COVID-19 research is pregnancy related and the majority of trials either explicitly exclude or fail to address pregnancy. Only three interventional trials worldwide involved pregnant women. The knowledge gap concerning the safety and efficacy of interventions for COVID-19 created by the exclusion of pregnant women may ultimately harm them. While “ethical” concerns about fetal exposure are often cited, it is in fact unethical to habitually exclude pregnant women from research. Key Points

Nowe surowce roślinne w Farmakopei Europejskiej. Część 4. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (pstrolistka sercowata) – źródło nowego surowca flawonoidowego

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Kwiecień ◽  
Agnieszka Kulig ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Halina Ekiert
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
East Asian Medicine ◽  
Asian Medicine ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata Thunb ◽  
Bupleuri Radix

The European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 9.4 introduces several new plant-derived raw materials long known in East-Asian medicine but previously not used in official European medicine. A series of articles in Part 1 and 2 presents species providing new saponin raw materials: Bupleuri radix and Platycodi radix. In part 3, the species which is a source of a new essential oil raw material, namely Ligusticum chuanxiong is characterized. Part 4 is dedicated to outlining the basic botanical-ecological-chemical characteristic of Houttuynia cordata (chameleon plant). The raw material sourced from this species – Houttuyniae herba, has long been known and used not only in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) but also in traditional Japanese, Thai and Nepalese medicine. Most attention was devoted to reviewing the professional pharmacological studies of extracts of this raw material. This review documents very important lines of action of the raw material, namely its antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the article highlights the significance of this species as a food product in some Asian countries and as a source of cosmetic raw materials. The aim of the article is to popularize basic knowledge on this new pharmacopoeial species among pharmacists and medical doctors.

Nowe surowce roślinne w Farmakopei Europejskiej. Część 3. Ligusticum chuanxiong (Podagrycznik chiński) – zródło nowego surowca olejkowego

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Agnieszka Sondej ◽  
Karolina Jafernik ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Ligusticum Chuanxiong ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bupleuri Radix

The European Pharmacopoeia, Supplement 9.4, one of the newest published pharmacopoeial documents, besides new saponin-bearing raw materials (Bupleuri radix and Platycodi radix) characterized in part 1 and 2 of the series of articles, lists also other new plant raw materials, long known in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) but earlier unknown in official European medicine. Part 3 of the series of articles presents botanical, ecological and chemical characterization of Ligusticum chuanxiong – Sechuan lovage. Rhizome of this species – Ligustici chuanxiong rhizoma is an essential oil-bearing raw material that has long been used in TCM to treat most of all different gynecological ailments and pain of different etiologies. Professional scientific studies documented a wide range of its possible therapeutic applications, e.g. improvement of the cardiovascular system function, and its antioxidant and anticancer properties. A review of pharmacological studies of this raw material was subject to most attention in the article. The aim of the article is to present basic knowledge on Sechuan lovage, which appears indispensable in professional contacts of pharmacists, medical doctors and phytotherapists with patients.

COVID -19: Emerging out of the Pandemic Situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1400-1404
Author(s):  
Sakshi Kumeriya ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Mujahid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Common People ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Health Organization

The novel SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus that emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, last year and spread all over the world countries and caused the worst ever pandemic situation. This deadly virus held the entire world to be in high alert. Considering its seriousness, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern. Govt. of India and its all allied organizations are working together and trying hard to control it and avoid the situation of community transmission. Nationwide lockdown helped to control the transmission but after unlock it transmitted speedily in the community, which is the alarming sign for everyone. In this review, the attempt is made to focus on published research articles on coronavirus disease, mode of transmission and disinfection measures, the current state of research, treatment protocol so those common people can understand its gravity and follow the measures stringently.

Contemporary Global Health Governance Actors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Youde
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Current State ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Public Versus Private

While Chapter 3 focuses primarily on the evolution of global health governance, Chapter 4 pays more attention to its contemporary manifestation as a secondary institution within international society. This chapter discusses the current state of the global health governance architecture—who the important actors are, how they operate, how they have changed over the past twenty-five years, and how they illustrate the fundamental beliefs and attitudes within the global health governance system. In particular, the chapter discusses the relative balance between state-based and non-state actors, as well as public versus private actors. This chapter highlights five key players within contemporary global health governance: states; the World Health Organization; multilateral funding agencies; public–private partnerships; and non-state and private actors

scholarly journals A review of current knowledge of myeloproliferative disorders in the horse

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Satué ◽  
Juan Carlos Gardon ◽  
Ana Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Current State ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractMyeloid disorders are conditions being characterized by abnormal proliferation and development of myeloid lineage including granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils), monocytes, erythroids, and megakaryocytes precursor cells. Myeloid leukemia, based on clinical presentation and proliferative rate of neoplastic cells, is divided into acute (AML) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The most commonly myeloid leukemia reported in horses are AML-M4 (myelomonocytic) and AML-M5 (monocytic). Isolated cases of AML-M6B (acute erythroid leukemia), and chronic granulocytic leukemia have also been reported. Additionally, bone marrow disorders with dysplastic alterations and ineffective hematopoiesis affecting single or multiple cell lineages or myelodysplastic diseases (MDS), have also been reported in horses. MDSs have increased myeloblasts numbers in blood or bone marrow, although less than 20%, which is the minimum level required for diagnosis of AML. This review performed a detailed description of the current state of knowlegde of the myeloproliferative disorders in horses following the criteria established by the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Design and Development of an Instrument on Knowledge of Food Safety, Practices, and Risk Perception Addressed to Children and Adolescents from Low-Income Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2324
Author(s):  
Sueny Andrade Batista ◽  
Elke Stedefeldt ◽  
Eduardo Yoshio Nakano ◽  
Mariana de Oliveira Cortes ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rules Set

In the fight against foodborne diseases, expanding access to information for different groups is needed. In this aspect, it is crucial to evaluate the target audience’s particularities. This study constructed and validated an instrument containing three questionnaires to identify the level of knowledge, practices, and risk perception of food safety by low-income students between 11 and 14 years old. The following steps were used: systematic search of the databases; conducting and analyzing focus groups; questionnaires development; and questionnaires analysis. After two judges’ rounds, the final version was reached with 11 knowledge items, 11 practice items, and five risk perception items. The content validation index values were higher than 0.80. The adopted methodology considered the students’ understanding and perceptions, as well the appropriate language to be used. Besides, it allowed the development of questionnaires that directly and straightforwardly covers the rules set by the World Health Organization for foodborne disease control called Five Keys to Safer Food (keep clean; separate raw and cooked; cook thoroughly; keep food at safe temperatures; and use safe water and raw materials). Its use can result in a diagnosis for elaborating educational proposals and other actions against foodborne illness in the most vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effectiveness and Safety of Repurposing Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Position Standing in 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safaet Alam ◽  
Taslima Binte Kamal ◽  
Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker ◽  
Jin-Rong Zhou ◽  
S. M. Abdur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Meta Analyses

COVID-19, transmitted by SARS-CoV-2, is one of the most serious pandemic situations in the history of mankind, and has already infected a huge population across the globe. This horrendously contagious viral outbreak was first identified in China and within a very short time it affected the world's health, transport, economic, and academic sectors. Despite the recent approval of a few anti-COVID-19 vaccines, their unavailability and insufficiency along with the lack of other potential therapeutic options are continuing to worsen the situation, with valuable lives continuing to be lost. In this situation, researchers across the globe are focusing on repurposing prospective drugs and prophylaxis such as favipiravir, remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, lopinavir-ritonavir, azithromycin, doxycycline, ACEIs/ARBs, rivaroxaban, and protease inhibitors, which were preliminarily based on in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and toxicological study reports followed by clinical applications. Based on available preliminary data derived from limited clinical trials, the US National Institute of Health (NIH) and USFDA also recommended a few drugs to be repurposed i.e., hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and favipiravir. However, World Health Organization later recommended against the use of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of COVID-19 infections. Combining basic knowledge of viral pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics of drug molecules as well as in silico approaches, many drug candidates have been investigated in clinical trials, some of which have been proven to be partially effective against COVID-19, and many of the other drugs are currently under extensive screening. The repurposing of prospective drug candidates from different stages of evaluation can be a handy wellspring in COVID-19 management and treatment along with approved anti-COVID-19 vaccines. This review article combined the information from completed clinical trials, case series, cohort studies, meta-analyses, and retrospective studies to focus on the current status of repurposing drugs in 2021.

scholarly journals The role of intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 795-805
Author(s):  
Apolonia Stefaniak ◽  
Karolina Janion ◽  
Beata Stanuch
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization

Depression is a mental disorder with a high prevalence. According to World Health Organization, it is a frequent cause of disability and the leading cause of suicide, with its risk increasing with age. The disorder is commonly diagnosed in patients with acute or chronic inflammatory conditions. Depression is typically accompanied by weakened T cell-mediated immunity, as well as abnormal secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the resulting imbalance between them. The current developments in the field include a link established between depression and changes in intestinal microflora, suggested by numerous trials involving animals and also a small number of studies conducted on people. This paper is a review of the publications regarding the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of depression found in PubMed and Web of Science repositories. The results of studies published over the last decade confirm the significance of intestinal microbiota for the pathophysiology of depression. One of the ways in which intestinal microbiota may impact the development of depression is the response of the innate immunity system to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resulting with the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The modifications of gut microflora have also been linked to changes in the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis, in the metabolism of tryptophan, (which is a serotonin substrate) and in neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Even though the results cited in this review seem promising, our current state of knowledge in this respect remains far from satisfactory, warranting further investigation into the potential of bacteria for supplementing the pharmacological therapy of depression.

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