Complex Communication Needs of a Child with Dandy-Walker Syndrome and Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II Case Study

There exist few publications describing the cases of children diagnosed with two rare diseases. Most of them are medical case studies. The purpose of the research was to describe the complex communication needs of a child and the resulting needs in the area of me as a person and in the home, social, educational, therapeutic and medical environment. The research involved a boy in early school age diagnosed with the Dandy-Walker syndrome and mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome). The research was embedded in qualitative orientation using an individual case study. The research was conducted over a period of four years (2016 to 2020). The complex communication needs diagnosed in the boy triggered the following needs in the area of “me as a person”: to notice the effects of one’s actions, to have a sense of being a member of a group, to engage in activities that will help develop one’s own competencies and gain experience, and to be included in group activities. The research suggests that all of the above mentioned needs exist in the home and social environment area. In terms of education, it was determined that there is no need for a teaching assistant/aide who would know alternative methods of communication and could adapt the classroom to multimodal communication and train other persons. In terms of therapy, there was no need to create a controlled space in an institution, as therapy, the same as education, takes place in the boy’s home. In terms of medical care, Adam has all the above mentioned needs.

MEDICAL ERRORS: ANALYSIS, CAUSES, WARNING

Изучение и совершенствование теории ошибок врачей всегда было важно, а сегодня это стало особенно актуальным. В статье указаны три разные позиции во врачебной среде в отношении ошибок врачей. Показаны последовательные изменения в уголовном кодексе в отношении «причинения вреда здоровью» и тенденция криминализации врачебных ошибок. Приводятся сравнение проблемы ошибок в западных странах и СНГ, и меры контроля ошибок. Аргументируется положение о том, что теория врачебных ошибок - отдельный раздел науки. Указаны причины отсутствия теории врачебных ошибок как отдельной науки. В статье перечислены основные положения разработанного варианта теории ошибок врачей. Studying and improving the theory of doctors' mistakes has always been important, and today it has become especially relevant. The article indicates three different positions in the medical environment regarding the mistakes of doctors. Consistent changes in the Criminal Code in relation to "harm to health" and the tendency to criminalize medical errors are shown. A comparison of the problem of errors in Western countries and the CIS, and error control measures are given. The position that the theory of medical errors is a separate branch of science is argued. The reasons for the absence of the theory of medical errors as a separate science are indicated. The article lists the main provisions of the developed version of the theory of doctors' errors.

In silico Molecular Docking of Anthraquinone Identified from Boerhavia diffusa Linn against Bax and Bcl-2 Gene

In today's medical environment, natural products have made a substantial contribution to the therapeutic approach in the treatment of diseases ranging from the simple to the complex. The old or traditional approach of standardization in medicinal plant research is a time-consuming, costly, and to some extent antiquated process. As a result, a computational technique that includes an in silico molecular docking simulation study has become an important tool for drug development, standardisation, and screening of phytochemicals. To investigate the cardioprotective research and the interaction of the strong chemical against Bax and Bcl-2 cardiomyocyte gene, docking was conducted using multiple Protein Data Bank files (3EOO, 3D2U, 2I42, and 3D2Y). The Anthraquinone has shown more potent interaction with apoptotic regulators Bcl-2 and Bax genes by showing good binding energy. The study also evident that Anthraquinone (UBA) was an ideal drug agent with better drug likeliness. Further, the compound can be used as therapeutic molecule for myocardial infarction. However, the results are preliminary and experimental evaluation will be carried out in near future.

The Effect of SBAR Communication on Nurse Attitude and Behavior in Increasing Patient Safety in KRMT Wongsonegoro Hospital, Semarang

Introduction: WHO officially published the Nine Life Saving Patient Safety, which one is correct communication during handover using the SBAR method. SBAR is considered a clear sign and secure method of communication for problem solving among various disciplines in the medical environment and a simple way of sharing patient information with other medical professionals. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with control group design, the results of the research were processed using paired sample t-test. The data collection of this research uses a checklist of observation sheets to assess the ability of nurses to communicate SBAR, attitudes and behavior of nurses using a questionnaire. Result and discussion: this study showed a significant difference in the attitudes and behavior of nurses in improving patient safety after being given SBAR communication materials with p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: This study showed significant differences in the attitudes and behavior of nurses after being given SBAR communication training in the intervention group. Meanwhile, the control group showed a non-significant difference This showed that SBAR communication materials affect the attitudes and behavior of nurses in improving patient safety.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: An Overview

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new technical discipline that uses computer technology to research and develop the theory, method, technique, and application system for the simulation, extension, and expansion of human intelligence. With the assistance of new AI technology, the traditional medical environment has changed a lot. For example, a patient’s diagnosis based on radiological, pathological, endoscopic, ultrasonographic, and biochemical examinations has been effectively promoted with a higher accuracy and a lower human workload. The medical treatments during the perioperative period, including the preoperative preparation, surgical period, and postoperative recovery period, have been significantly enhanced with better surgical effects. In addition, AI technology has also played a crucial role in medical drug production, medical management, and medical education, taking them into a new direction. The purpose of this review is to introduce the application of AI in medicine and to provide an outlook of future trends.

Qualitative assessment of the intention of Chinese community health workers to implement advance care planning using theory of planned behavior

Background The aging population coupled with progressive medical technology has increased the demand for improved quality of end-of-life in China. However, implementation of an advance care planning (ACP) program in mainland China is still in its infancy owing to the significant influence of filial piety in Chinese culture. Research on implementation of ACP program among community health workers (CHWs) is limited. The current study sought to explore the willingness of CHWs to implement ACP based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and provide a reference for promotion of ACP in Chinese communities. Methods Phenomenological qualitative study using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded. Colaizzi’s method was used for data analysis. The study received ethical approval and all participants provided written consent. Results Thirteen CHWs from 3 community health service centers (CHSCs) in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China were interviewed. Through the analysis of the interview content, we determined that most CHWs have a supportive attitude towards the implementation of ACP, the reasons for which are as follows: relieve suffering of patients and respect their medical autonomy; relieve economic and psychological burden on family members; promote development of community palliative care. However, some CHWs believe that the implementation of ACP will lead to doctor-patient disputes and medical risks. CHWs reported that the support of patients and their families, community lawyers, psychosocial professionals, and CHSCs senior managers helped them to implement ACP. In addition, they indicated that the improvement of doctor-patient communication ability, the improvement of community medical environment, the support of government policy, and the training of CHWs were the promoting factors influencing their implementation of ACP. The hindrance factors include insufficient allocation of community health human resources, imperfect ACP legislation in China, and deep-rooted traditional culture. Conclusion Findings demonstrated that Chinese CHWs tend to support the implementation of ACP, but their willingness to implement is affected by different factors. CHSCs should actively organize standardized ACP training and comprehensively consider community medical environment, organizational norms, and human resources in implementation of ACP.

Bioimpedance Analysis of Human Body Composition: Medical Applications, Terminology.

This article discusses the terminology features of bioimpedance analysis of body composition and the most common mistakes in the use of terms. In the Russian-speaking medical environment, you can often find the use of a number of inaccurate terms related to bioimpedance analysis of the human body composition. At the same time, the terminology of bioimpedance analysis of human body composition in English-language publications has long been established. The article presents the Russian and English terms of bioimpedance analysis of the human body composition with corresponding abbreviations, as well as the hierarchy of the terms body composition components, body composition parameters, parameters of bioimpedance analysis of body composition and bioimpedance parameters. The most developed areas of application of bioimpedance analysis in medical practice are discussed: assessment of nutrition and dynamic observations of changes in body composition, assessment of the body mineral mass, assessment of the body hydration parameters, assessment of blood supply to tissues and organs, including in the monitoring mode, assessment of the asymmetry of paired organs and limbs, assessment of pre-start readiness, physical development and the level of fitness of the athlete's muscular system.

Medical Students' Perceptions of Patient-Doctor Relationship in South Korea: Concept Mapping Analysis

Introduction: The patient-doctor relationship has evolved from early paternalism to a consumerism and partnership model that emphasizes cooperation. Patient-doctor relationships might vary with the socio-cultural environment, because the medical environment affects such relationships.Method: We investigated the patient-doctor relationship among medical students through concept mapping analysis. Twenty-six fourth-grade Korean medical students wrote a reflection journal and participated in the concept classification and the importance evaluation of the derived concept. ALSCAL multidimensional scaling and Ward hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. Also, the 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the importance of the concept.Results: Sixty-six statements about the patient-doctor relationship were extracted and grouped into six clusters. The x-axis is the dimension of “Information-Respect,” and the y-axis is “Changeability-Persistence.” Six patient-doctor concepts were derived and students evaluated “Patient-centered” as the most important.Conclusions: Medical students express various concepts of the patient-doctor relationship. Considering that they may encounter various medical conditions and patients, it is necessary that they understand deeply the complex patient-doctor relationship.

Common sources of radiations in a medical environment

Use of radiation is now a days so common in most of the tertiary care hospitals for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. The ionizing radiation provides many benefits in both diagnostic as well as therapeutic interventions, but they are also potential harmful. Radiation risks, exposure and mitigation strategies should always be in mind while using to an individual (public, radiation worker, and patient) and the environment should not exceed the prescribed safe limits. Regular monitoring of hospital area and radiation workers is mandatory to assess the quality of radiation safety. This review article emphasis on radiation risks, exposure and prevention and treatment strategies.

Medical Speech-Language Pathology in Bulgaria – a Comparative Study of the Current Status and Development

Introduction: The complexity of ever-changing health standards, new health policies, changes in the healthcare environment, necessitates an advanced level of professional expertise in Medical Speech-Language Pathology (MSLP). Objective: This study presents the current status, opportunities, and perspectives for the development of MSLP in Bulgaria. Method Theoretical overview and comparative analysis of the data and literature on MSLP as it exists in the USA and is developing in Bulgaria, where it is most often referred to as Clinical Logopedics. In this article, we present: (i) a comparative analysis of the development of this dynamic, expanding, and continuously developing health profession in the USA (the country with the most innovative and highly evolved practice of MSLP) and Bulgaria; (ii) brief historical notes related to the development of Speech-Language Pathology in the United States and Bulgaria; (iii) the scope of practice of MSLP in the USA and Bulgaria, which is a key problem for the prospects for the development of this specialty in Bulgaria, and (iv) the problems associated with establishing a master’s degree program in MSLP. Conclusion: MSLP has perspective for development in Bulgaria only if it is studied as a health specialty within medical or health faculties, but necessarily housed within a medical university. A clear understanding of the scope of practice is fundamental for the development of MSLP, but it should not overlap the purview of other professions. The MSLP master’s program should be innovative, manageable, and comprehensive, providing for a wide range of specialized clinical experiences that prepare students to practice effectively in a medical environment.