scholarly journals HATE CRIMES DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERBANDINGAN HUKUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Widati Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

<p><em>This article discusses the deficiency of the Indonesian criminal law with regard to the criminalization of hate crimes. Taking into consideration the fact that Indonesia faces a high incidence of social conflict due to rising intolerance and discrimination targeting minority groups.  The combination of (racial-ethnic-religious) discrimination and hatred against minority groups in most cases results in various forms of common crimes which generally is known as hate crimes. Using a comparative law method, by and between Indonesian criminal law and the criminal law of other countries experiencing hate crimes, the author highlights options for eradicating hate crimes. One important finding is the tendency of a number of countries to perceive hatred or prejudice which motivate the perpetrator of hate crimes as aggravating factor and not to as as separate substantive offence. </em></p>

scholarly journals Hate crimes and normative regulation

Temida ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Milica Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

This paper is primarily devoted to issues related to the normative regulation of hate crimes, with special reference to the regulations of the Republic of Serbia, which are indirectly related to this matter. This kind of crimes are characterized by prejudices that perpetrators have towards injured parties, as members of certain, mostly, minority groups, due to which many hate crimes could be also called crimes of prejudice. In comparative law there are two different basic directions when it comes to regulating hate crimes: separation of hate crimes in a separate category on the one hand, and punishment of perpetrators of criminal acts with the detriment of minority groups through the usual charges of a given criminal justice system, on the other. The author finds that, regardless of the formal response forms, real life suggests that hate crimes can be essentially suppressed only by promoting values such as equality, respect for diversity and tolerance, and by continuous education of public about the danger of hate crimes.

scholarly journals Eliminate Hate

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jenni Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Real World ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Affairs

The prevalence of hate speech and hate-motivated crimes in Canada can be attributed to the systemic failures of Canadian laws. These laws have historically condoned ill treatment towards minorities and minimal changes have been made to remedy this. An examination of how Canadian criminal law defines hate speech and hate-motivated crimes will provide a better understanding of how the current legal framework inadequately addresses it. An analysis of the current state of affairs and real-world implications will provide information on statistics and consequences. Particular attention is focused on several minority groups who face the consequences of these crimes. More research should be conducted focusing on the effects of hate speech and crime on victims and their mental health. Moreover, additional research determining causal linkages between hate speech and serious violent incidents of hate crimes would better solidify the need to address hate speech more seriously.

scholarly journals Experiences and factors associated with transphobic hate crimes among transgender women in the San Francisco Bay Area: comparisons across race

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akua O. Gyamerah ◽  
Glenda Baguso ◽  
Edda Santiago-Rodriguez ◽  
Aria Sa’id ◽  
Sean Arayasirikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Police Reporting ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background Trans women experience high rates of gender-based violence (GBV)—a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. Transphobic hate crimes are one such form of GBV that affect trans women. However, little is understood about factors that shape transphobic hate crimes and racial/ethnic variation in these experiences. To contextualize GBV risk and police reporting, we examined self-reported types and correlates of transphobic hate crimes by racial/ethnic group of trans women in the San Francisco Bay Area. Methods From 2016 to 2018, trans women participated in a longitudinal cohort study of HIV. Secondary data analyses (N = 629) examined self-reported experiences of transphobic hate crimes (i.e., robbery, physical assault, sexual assault, and battery with weapon) by race/ethnicity, and whether hate crimes were reported to the police. Chi-square tests and simple logistic regression examined demographic, sociocultural, and gender identity factors associated with transphobic violence experiences and police reporting. Results About half (45.8%) of participants reported ever experiencing a transphobic hate crime; only 51.1% of these were reported to the police. Among those who reported a hate crime experience, Black (47.9%) and Latina (49.0%) trans women reported a higher prevalence of battery with a weapon; White (26.7%) and trans women of “other” race/ethnicities (25.0%) reported a higher prevalence of sexual assault (p = 0.001). Having one’s gender questioned, history of sex work, homelessness as a child and adult, and a history incarceration were associated with higher odds of experiencing a transphobic hate crime. Trans women who felt their gender identity questioned had lower odds of reporting a hate crime to the police compared to those did not feel questioned. Conclusions A high proportion of trans women experienced a transphobic hate crime, with significant socio-structural risk factors and racial differences by crime type. However, crimes were underreported to the police. Interventions that address structural factors, especially among trans women of color, can yield violence prevention benefits.

ARE HEALTH INSURANCE ITEM ALLOCATIONS IN THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY MISSING COMPLETELY AT RANDOM?

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. SIORDIA
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Missing Responses ◽  
Missing Completely At Random ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background:Item allocation (the assignment of plausible values to missing or illogical responses insurvey studies) is at times necessary in the production of complete data sets. In the American Community Survey(ACS), missing responses to health insurance coverage questions are allocated. Objectives:Because allocationrates may vary as a function of compositional characteristics, this project investigates how seven different healthinsurance coverage items vary in their degree of allocation along basic demographic variables. Methods: Datafrom the ACS 2010 1-year Public Use Microdata Sample file are used in a logistic regression model and tocalculate allocations rates. Results:The findings reveal that: males; people aged 65 and older; those who speakEnglish “very well” or “well”; US citizens; those out-of-poverty; and all racial/ethnic minority groups havehigher odds of experiencing a health insurance item allocation relative to their counterparts. Conclusions: Sincehealth insurance coverage allocations vary by demographic characteristics, further research is needed toinvestigate their mechanisms of missingness and how these may have implications for frailty related research.

Coercive Persuasion As a Specific Type of Violence in Criminal Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Carlos Bardavío Antón
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Freedom Of Will ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Regulatory Problems

The field of cults, and that of destructive or coercive cults in particular, has received little attention from the perspective of criminal law doctrine. Supporters of such groups often claim to be victims of a violation related to freedom of will. In this article, I consider various methodologies and manipulation techniques used by such groups and suggest that comparative law, criminal definitions, and regulatory problems provide the basis for a more comprehensive understanding of criminal phenomenology that includes these concerns: the loss of freedom through coercive persuasion, and thus being the victim of a crime, or through becoming an instrument for the commission of crimes ordered by third parties. Research shows that the conventional definition of crime against freedom of will and physical injury is inadequate. I posit that a new approach to legal doctrine and criminal classification is required to fight against new crime phenomenology. I propose a criminal classification aimed at considering coercive persuasion as a crime, and a definition for the criminalization of certain organizations that engage in willful misconduct or reckless conduct.

scholarly journals Will 'Deaths of Despair' among Whites Change How We Talk about Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities?

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Brown ◽  
Reginald Tucker-Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deaths Of Despair ◽  
Racial Ethnic

<p>The recent trend of premature death among Whites in the United States has garnered attention in both the popular and academic literature. This attention has focused on the plight of low socioeconomic status Whites in non-urban areas. The population health lit­erature in general and the health disparities literature more specifically has struggled to describe differences in health when White groups present worse health outcomes or worsening trends compared with racial/ ethnic minority groups. There remain many open questions as population health/health disparities research attempts to explain the increasing mortality rates for low socioeco­nomic status Whites in non-urban areas in relationship to other racial/ethnic groups. As the conversation in the academic and popular literature continues to unfold, a key question for population health research and practice is how will the ‘deaths of despair’ phenomenon among Whites influence our measuring of, and reporting and interven­ing on, race/ethnic health disparities? <em></em></p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(2):123-128; doi:10.18865/ ed.28.2.123.</p>

scholarly journals The reaction to femicide in criminal law

Temida ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 431-451
Author(s):  
Ana Batricevic
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Efficient Suppression

Misogynous and sexist violence against women, which often results in death, represents a global problem. Numerous international and national legal instruments are dedicated to the prevention and sanctioning of violence against women. However, the reality implies that existing mechanisms of penal reaction to femicide, as its most extreme and brutal form, should be re-examined. Having in mind the frequency and severe consequences of this criminal offence and the discriminatory character of the message that the state sends by tolerating it or inadequately punishing its perpetrators, the author attempts to define femicide, to present basic forms of state reaction to femicide in comparative law as well as to analyze the features of femicide as an independent criminal offence. Arguing for the incrimination of femicide as an independent criminal offence, or as a special form of aggravated murder, the author points out that such solution could contribute to more precise observation of this form of crime, to a better estimation of the quality of the state? s reaction to it and to its more efficient suppression.

scholarly journals Eradicating Racism: An Endocrine Society Policy Perspective

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruban Dhaliwal ◽  
Rocio I Pereira ◽  
Alicia M Diaz-Thomas ◽  
Camille E Powe ◽  
Licy L Yanes Cardozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Endocrine Society ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract The Endocrine Society recognizes racism as a root cause of the health disparities that affect racial/ethnic minority communities in the United States and throughout the world. In this policy perspective, we review the sources and impact of racism on endocrine health disparities and propose interventions aimed at promoting an equitable, diverse, and just healthcare system. Racism in the healthcare system perpetuates health disparities through unequal access and quality of health services, inadequate representation of health professionals from racial/ethnic minority groups, and the propagation of the erroneous belief that socially constructed racial/ethnic groups constitute genetically and biologically distinct populations. Unequal care, particularly for common endocrine diseases such as diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, and thyroid disease, results in high morbidity and mortality for individuals from racial/ethnic minority groups, leading to a high socioeconomic burden on minority communities and all members of our society. As health professionals, researchers, educators, and leaders, we have a responsibility to take action to eradicate racism from the healthcare system. Achieving this goal would result in high-quality health care services that are accessible to all, diverse workforces that are representative of the communities we serve, inclusive and equitable workplaces and educational settings that foster collaborative teamwork, and research systems that ensure that scientific advancements benefit all members of our society. The Endocrine Society will continue to prioritize and invest resources in a multifaceted approach to eradicate racism, focused on educating and engaging current and future health professionals, teachers, researchers, policy makers, and leaders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document