scholarly journals ПРОЯВ КРАЙОВОГО ЕФЕКТУ В СТРУКТУРІ ЗАРОСТЕЙ МАКРОФІТІВ ПРИ ЗМІНІ ГІДРОЛОГІЧНОГО РЕЖИМУ

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
M. Pohorielova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Information Diversity ◽  
Delta Branches ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Biodiversity Changes

This paper considers the changes in the structural characteristics and macrophyte underwood species diversity of the Kiliya Danube Delta as a detection of the edge effect when the environmental conditions are changing. A total of 27 species of water vascular plants were identified. Moreover, filamentous algae were found but their species and genus were not determined. Biodiversity changes were evaluated using the Shannon Index which integrates species richness and their uniformity in the group. The significance of the results was assessed by testing the null hypothesis which is to verify the absence of changes in the average values of the sample using the Student's t test. Transitional watercourses (channels) have the highest indicators of information diversity where the manifestation of the edge effect is more distinct. There were statistically significant differences between the Shannon index in the end of the branch and the channel, as well as between the channel and the beginning of the water body, at the level of p = 0.05 which indicates the strength of the edge effect in the sample. It is established that the edge effect is reliably displayed in the transition from lotic (delta branches) to lentic conditions (non-flowing reservoirs – "corners"). It is displayed in the form of increasing biological diversity, decreasing in the role of monodominant groups and also in increasing floating pleistophytes quantity. Also in the channels which connect a flowing stream and waterbody is the highest species diversity and the highest Shannon index. Under lotic conditions even in the places of branch ramification and at different distances from such branches, the manifestation of the edge effect is not statistically proven. Therefore, we cannot prove the existence of edge effect in these objects despite the fact that we observe a tendency to increase species diversity at the beginning and end of the watercourse. The ecological structure of macrophyte groups is practically unchanged within each individual watercourse along its entire length. The Ochakivsky branch is dominated by groups of high-grass helophytes and floating pleistophytes, in Starostambulsky by groups of high-grass helophytes and rooted gidatophytes, and in the Vodtochny by low-grass gelophytes and floating pleistophytes.

Role of the Structural Characteristics of Dendrimers in the Manifestation of the Antiamyloid Properties

INEOS OPEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
Yu. Yu. Stroilova ◽  
V. I. Muronets ◽  
Z. B. Shifrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Short Review ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Amyloid Aggregation ◽  
Amyloid Proteins ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
Aggregation Processes

Among the compounds able to efficiently inhibit the amyloid aggregation of proteins and decompose the amyloid aggregates that cause neurodegenerative diseases, of particular interest are dendrimers, which represent individual macromolecules with the hypercrosslinked architectures and given molecular parameters. This short review outlines the peculiarities of the antiamyloid activity of dendrimers and discusses the effect of dendrimer structures and external factors on their antiamyloid properties. The potential of application of dendrimers in further investigations on the aggregation processes of amyloid proteins as the compounds that exhibit the remarkable antiamyloid activity is evaluated.

СТРУКТУРА, МОДЕЛИ И СТРАТЕГИИ УЧАСТИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ СООБЩЕСТВ В КОНФЛИКТАХ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
А. И. Кольба ◽  
Н. В. Кольба
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
City Government ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The City

The article describes the structural characteristics of the urban communities of the city of Krasnodar and the related features that impact their participation in urban conflicts. This issue is considered in a number of scientific publications, but there is a need to expand the empirical base of such studies. On the base of expert interviews conducted with both city activists, their counterparty (representatives of the municipal government) and external observers (journalists), the parameters of urban communities functioning in the process of their interaction with other conflict actors are revealed. The communities characteristics such as the predominantly territorial principle of formation, the overlap of online and offline communications in their activities, the presence of a “core” with a relatively low number of permanent participants and others are determined. Their activities are dominated by neighborly and civilian models of participation in conflicts. The possibilities of realizing one’s own interests through political interactions (participation in elections, the activities of representative bodies of power, political parties) are not yet sufficiently understood. Urban communities, as a rule, operate within the framework of conventional forms of participation in solving urgent problems, although in some cases it is possible to use confrontational methods, in particular, protest ones. In this regard, the most often used compromise, with the desire for cooperation, a strategy of behavior in interaction with opponents. The limited activating role of conflicts in the activities of communities has been established. The weak manifestation of the civil and especially political component in their activities determines the preservation of a low level of political subjectivity. This factor restrains the growth of urban communities resources and the possibility of applying competitive strategies in interaction with city government and business.

scholarly journals Challenging the State: Devolutionary Tenure Transitions for Saving and Expanding Forests

Human Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Alden Wily
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
The Will ◽  
Customary Land

AbstractI address a contentious element in forest property relations to illustrate the role of ownership in protecting and expanding of forest cover by examining the extent to which rural communities may legally own forests. The premise is that whilst state-owned protected areas have contributed enormously to forest survival, this has been insufficiently successful to justify the mass dispossession of customary land-owning communities this has entailed. Further, I argue that state co-option of community lands is unwarranted. Rural communities on all continents ably demonstrate the will and capacity to conserve forests – provided their customary ownership is legally recognized. I explore the property rights reforms now enabling this. The replication potential of community protected forestlands is great enough to deserve flagship status in global commitments to expand forest including in the upcoming new Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

scholarly journals Thiophene-Based Compounds with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Ryldene Marques Duarte da Cruz ◽  
Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Junior ◽  
Natália Barbosa de Mélo ◽  
Luciana Scotti ◽  
Rodrigo Santos Aquino de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Tiaprofenic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Biological Target ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Privileged Structures

Rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis and gout, among other chronic inflammatory diseases are public health problems and represent major therapeutic challenges. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most prescribed clinical treatments, despite their severe side effects and their exclusive action in improving symptoms, without effectively promoting the cure. However, recent advances in the fields of pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and chemoinformatics have provided valuable information and opportunities for development of new anti-inflammatory drug candidates. For drug design and discovery, thiophene derivatives are privileged structures. Thiophene-based compounds, like the commercial drugs Tinoridine and Tiaprofenic acid, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. The present review provides an update on the role of thiophene-based derivatives in inflammation. Studies on mechanisms of action, interactions with receptors (especially against cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX)), and structure-activity relationships are also presented and discussed. The results demonstrate the importance of thiophene-based compounds as privileged structures for the design and discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. The studies reveal important structural characteristics. The presence of carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides, as well as methyl and methoxy groups, has been frequently described, and highlights the importance of these groups for anti-inflammatory activity and biological target recognition, especially for inhibition of COX and LOX enzymes.

scholarly journals Routine examination of gallbladder specimens after cholecystectomy: a single-centre analysis of the incidence, clinical and histopathological aspects of incidental gallbladder carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Di Mauro ◽  
Amira Orabi ◽  
Aye Myintmo ◽  
Alex Reece-Smith ◽  
Shahjehan Wajed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallbladder Carcinoma ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Background Gallbladder carcinoma is often found incidentally on histopathologic examination after cholecystectomy—this is referred as incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGC). Routine vs selective histopathological assessment of gallbladders is under debate and this study evaluates the role of regular specimens’ examination, based on a single-centre analysis of incidence, clinical and histopathological aspects of IGC. Methods Patients who underwent cholecystectomy, between July 2010 and January 2020, were considered. Exclusion criteria were age under 18 and preoperative diagnosis of GB carcinoma. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data were retrospectively collected, continuous variables with a normal distribution were evaluated with Student’s t-test and ANOVA. Results Some 5779 patients were included. The female/male ratio was 2.5:1. Chronic cholecystitis (CC) was the most common finding on specimens (99.3%), IGC was found in six cases (0.1%). In the latter group, there were 5 women and patients were older than those with benign disease—73.7 $$\pm$$ ±  5.38 years vs 55.8 $$\pm$$ ±  0.79 years (p < 0.05). In all the cases, the GB was abnormal on intraoperative inspection and beside cancer, histopathology showed associated CC and/or dysplasia. Upon diagnosis, disease was at advanced stage—one stage II, one stage IIIA, one stage IIIB, three stage IVA. Two patients are alive, three died of disease progression—median survival was 7 months (range 2–14). Conclusions In this series, ICG was rare, occurred most commonly in old adult women and was diagnosed at an advanced stage. In all the cases, the GB was abnormal intraoperatively, therefore macroscopic GB anomalies demand histopathological assessment of the specimen.

scholarly journals Big hitting collectors make massive and disproportionate contribution to the discovery of plant species

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1736) ◽  
pp. 2269-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Bebber ◽  
Mark A. Carine ◽  
Gerrit Davidse ◽  
David J. Harris ◽  
Elspeth M. Haston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
The Right ◽  
Geographical Locations

Discovering biological diversity is a fundamental goal—made urgent by the alarmingly high rate of extinction. We have compiled information from more than 100 000 type specimens to quantify the role of collectors in the discovery of plant diversity. Our results show that more than half of all type specimens were collected by less than 2 per cent of collectors. This highly skewed pattern has persisted through time. We demonstrate that a number of attributes are associated with prolific plant collectors: a long career with increasing productivity and experience in several countries and plant families. These results imply that funding a small number of expert plant collectors in the right geographical locations should be an important element in any effective strategy to find undiscovered plant species and complete the inventory of the world flora.

scholarly journals The State of the Art and Prospects for Osteoimmunomodulatory Biomaterials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Andreea-Mariana Negrescu ◽  
Anisoara Cimpean
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Recent Developments

The critical role of the immune system in host defense against foreign bodies and pathogens has been long recognized. With the introduction of a new field of research called osteoimmunology, the crosstalk between the immune and bone-forming cells has been studied more thoroughly, leading to the conclusion that the two systems are intimately connected through various cytokines, signaling molecules, transcription factors and receptors. The host immune reaction triggered by biomaterial implantation determines the in vivo fate of the implant, either in new bone formation or in fibrous tissue encapsulation. The traditional biomaterial design consisted in fabricating inert biomaterials capable of stimulating osteogenesis; however, inconsistencies between the in vitro and in vivo results were reported. This led to a shift in the development of biomaterials towards implants with osteoimmunomodulatory properties. By endowing the orthopedic biomaterials with favorable osteoimmunomodulatory properties, a desired immune response can be triggered in order to obtain a proper bone regeneration process. In this context, various approaches, such as the modification of chemical/structural characteristics or the incorporation of bioactive molecules, have been employed in order to modulate the crosstalk with the immune cells. The current review provides an overview of recent developments in such applied strategies.

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