“Revering religion, you would not approve of relentless running”

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Stanislav Vladimirovich Kannykin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Athletic Activity ◽  
Sacred And Profane ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research is determination of the peculiarities of competitive running in the medieval sociocultural situation. The relevance of this article is substantiated by the importance of cognizing the socio-historical context of desacralization of athleticism (and running as its component), as well as the grounds and manifestations of its transition into the sphere of secular, humanistically oriented bodily practices. The author sets the following tasks: compare the sacred and profane components of running athleticism in the Antiquity and the Middle Ages; identify of the reasons for desacralization of running in this period, as well as new manifestations and trends of transformation of its profane component. The methodological framework is comprised of the laws and principles of dialectics, analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, and analogy. The author reviews competitive running from the perspective of binary opposition sacred/profane. The acquired results can be applied in social philosophy, philosophical anthropology, and philosophy of sports. The novelty of this research lies in identification of causes and consequences of the medieval desacralization of running and absence of institutionalization of running competitions; consideration of the peculiarities of running practices in the elite circles and commoners; examination of specificity of running competitions in the carnival culture; outlining the reasons of the applied use of endurance running in economic activity; as well as indication of the unique for theocentric Middle Ages humanistic orientation of running as a separate type of competition and the basis of athletic activity overall.

scholarly journals Sacred and profane in the Olympic running event of Antiquity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Stanislav Vladimirovich Kannykin
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Sacred And Profane ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sociocultural Background ◽  
Original Type ◽  
Straight Trajectory

Stadion (running race) is the first and for a long time the only type of Olympic Agon, the “founder” of sports in its modern sense. The sociocultural background related to the emergence, development and modification of running sport of Antiquity is the spiritual foundation of the athletic competitiveness of modernity (“Olympism”), which underlines the philosophical importance and the relevance of research. The dualism of sacred and profane permeated not only athletic Agons, but Antiquity as w whole, being its Zeitgeist – 0 “spirit of the time’”. Through the prism of this binary opposition, running race is viewed as the original type of Olympic competitions. The acquired results can be applies in social philosophy, philosophical anthropology, and philosophy of sports. The novelty of this article consists in determination of attributes of the sacred (gratitude to the gods, obedience to their will, fear of their anger, and being rewarded by the deity), as well as attributes of the profane (cultivated “sprint” race as a symbol of a higher stage of development of the society, professionalization of running, running as a means of upbringing, health promotion and social dynamics, an indicator of civic maturity, etc.) components of the Olympic running race of Antiquity. The author also conducts their dialectical correlation within the framework of explanation of the straight trajectory of Olympic running, unity of the peacekeeping and military-applied significance of the Agons, as well as the pursuit of God-likeness and channeling of the socially dangerous energy of ambitiousness in running competitions of the athletes.

Dylematy poznawcze Krzysztofa Kolumba

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Wojciech Iwańczak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Christopher Columbus ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Middle Ages

The text analyses the inner life of Christopher Columbus based mainly on his writings and the literature on the subject. It is an attempt to reconstruct the mentality of the great explorer against the background of his turbulent biography and the historical context of the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of human alienation: socio-ontological aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Kirill Prozumentik
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Fundamental Ontology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

This article is dedicated to one of the key problems of social philosophy – the phenomenon of human alienation. The subject of this research is the ontological grounds of alienation. The goal consists in determination of the existential foundation of alienation as a complicated socio-ontological phenomenon, as well as differentiation of the narrow and broad sense of the concept of “alienation”. In the narrow sense, alienation implies the process, when the products of human activity and activity itself obtain the status of autonomous agents opposing to human. In a broad sense, alienation is interpreted as an ontological distinction within the structure of being. For revealing the ontological grounds of alienation, the author attracts and reconsiders the ideological arsenal of philosophical anthropology, fundamental ontology, existentialism, personalism, Marxism, and post-phenomenology. The ontological interpretation allows comprehending the anthropogenesis, historical development of human, and evolution of human mind in the context of the terms of alienation. Thus, the first is interpreted as a self-alienation of the world; the second – as alienation of human from himself; and the third – as an ideal of appeal of the world towards itself, realized through human spiritual activity. All elements of the triad form an ontological basis doe alienation in the narrow sense.

scholarly journals Quarantine as a tool of epidemic fight

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-195
Author(s):  
Renata E. Paliga
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until the 19th century, the factor causing epidemics was not known, and the escape from a place where it occurred as well as isolation of patients was considered to be the only effective way to avoid illness and death. Quarantine in a sense similar to modern times was used in 1377 in Ragusa, today’s Dubrovnik, during the plague epidemic. It was the first administratively imposed procedure in the world’s history. It was later used in Venice and other rich port cities in the Mediterranean. On the territory of today’s Poland, quarantine measures were used by the so-called Mayor of the Air – LukaszDrewno in 1623 during the plague epidemic in Warsaw. The quarantine left its mark on all areas of human activity. It affected all humanity in a way that is underestimated today. Throughout history, it has been described and presented visually. It is omnipresent in the world literature, art and philosophy. However, the isolation and closure of cities, limiting trade, had an impact on the economic balance, and the dilemma between the choice of inhabitants’ health and the quality of existence, i.e. their wealth, has been the subject of discussions since the Middle Ages. Since the end of the 19th century, quarantine has lost its practical meaning. The discovery of bacteria and a huge development of medical and social sciences allowed limiting its range. In the 20th century isolation and quarantine no longer had a global range, because the ability to identify factors causing the epidemic, knowledge about the incubation period, carrier, infectiousness, enabled the rational determination of its duration and territorial range. The modern SARS COV 2 pandemic has resulted in a global quarantine on a scale unprecedented for at least three hundred years. The aim of this paper is to present the history of quarantine from its beginning to the present day, including its usefulness as an epidemiological tool.

scholarly journals Conceptualization of the phenomenon of social destructiveness from the perspective of archaization theory within the Russian socio-philosophical discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Arsenii Belomytsev
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Critical Overview

The subject of this article is the attempts of the Russian researchers to interpret the destructive processes in modern Russian society through the prism of development of archaization theory. Due to the lack of semantic definiteness, the concept of social archaization is often attributed to similar ones, such as “traditionalism”, “barbarization”, “patriarchalization”, “New Middle Ages", etc. The diversity of existing approaches substantiates the need to determine a certain theoretical core, which would become the foundation for further hypotheses. Special attention is given to problem of absence of a unified approach towards the definition of archaizing processes, as well as to the need for clarification and further functionality of the concept of social archaization. The novelty of this research consists in the critical overview and determination of flaws in the existing concepts of social archaization. It is demonstrated that the relevant findings of the Russian researchers do not always explain the origin of destructive processes in the Russian society. The effective practical solution to complications related to the phenomenon of social destruction is yet to be developed. The author proposes an alternative approach towards determination of the causes of archaization of the Russian society at the current stage; outlines the promising ways of reflection on archaizing trends; as well as formulates a refined definition of archaization of the modern society. The acquired results aim to lay theoretical foundation for further development and implementation of measures on overcoming destructive consequences of social archaicism.

scholarly journals Social anxiety as a factor of establishment of a subjective picture of life path during the regulatory youth crisis

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Irina Aleksandrovna Ralnikova ◽  
Marina Valer'evna Shamardina
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Young People ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
Emotional Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Life Path

The subject of this research is the subjective picture of life path at the stage of regulatory youth crisis in the context of social anxiety. The goal consists in determination of the peculiarities of cognitive and emotional assessment of the past, present, and future as the components of subjective picture of life path of young people prone to experiencing social anxiety. The theoretical-methodological framework consists in scientific representations on human as a subject of life path, theory of life path and psychological time, scientific idea of the cognitive-perceptive selectiveness and regulation of social anxiety in the situations of assessment. The scientific novelty of the acquired results consists in the following statements: 1) it is proven that social anxiety is a predictor of the establishment of perceptions on personal past, present and future during the regulatory youth crisis; 2) the invariant tendencies in the character of cognitive and emotional assessment of the components of subjective picture of a life path in youth in case of the escalated social anxiety are determined; 3) variable description of time modus are revealed. The obtained results may be used in psychological practice for conducting psychobiographical consulting and psychological trainings of projecting a life path with young people with the chronic social anxiety and social fears.

De Gouden Eeuw van de Bourgondisch-Habsburgse Nederlanden

Queeste ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Ann Kelders
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Panel Paintings

Abstract The Royal Library of Belgium (kbr) has opened a new permanent museum showcasing the historical core of its collections: the luxurious manuscript library of the dukes of Burgundy. Centred around a late medieval chapel that is part of kbr’s present-day building, the museum introduces visitors to medieval book production, the historical context of the late medieval Low Countries, and the subject matter of the ducal library. The breadth of the dukes’ (and their wives’!) interests is reflected in the manuscripts that have come down to us, ranging from liturgical books over philosophical treatises to courtly literature. The Museum places late medieval book production squarely in its historical and artistic context. Visitors are not only introduced to the urban culture that provided a fruitful meeting place between artists, craftsmen, and patrons, but also to the broader artistic culture of the late Middle Ages. By presenting the manuscripts in dialogue with other forms of art such as panel paintings and sculpture, the exhibition stresses that artists at times moved between various media (e.g. illumination and painting) and were influenced by iconography in other forms of art.

scholarly journals Running in everyday life and festive culture of the Renaissance and the Modern Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Stanislav Vladimirovich Kannykin
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The City

The subject of this research is determination of the peculiarities of running as a type of activity in the sociocultural situation of the Renaissance and the Modern Age of the Old and New World. The relevance of studying the socially important aspects of running in everyday life and festive, carnival culture of the XV – XIX centuries is substantiated by the fact that namely this period marks the onset of mental requests and revival of physical practices, which in 1896 would become the heart of the First Olympic Games, the beginning and culmination of which were the athletic competitions. The ancient ideal of kalokagathia at this time is instilled with the ideas of self-sufficiency and self-projectivity of a person, whose creative aspirations equally captivate the spirit and the body. Running develops physical and mental qualities that broaden human capabilities, being that instrument for existential growth through overcoming the boundaries of physical and spiritual “normality”, conditioned by the stereotypes and norms of everyday life. The author views running from the perspective of culturological concepts of “everyday life”, “festivity”, “carnival”, as well as the binary opposition sacred/profane. The fields of application of the acquired results include social philosophy, philosophical anthropology, and philosophy of sports. The novelty of this research consists in the interpretation of endurance running as an existential measurement of everyday life, the method of communication between different types of communities and population groups, and formation of the prototype of a “cultural body” of that time. Running is examined as a type of activity that is characteristic mostly to the lower, marginal social classes. Participation in the city festival in the format of a “carnival” running was a way to integrate into society, a manifestation of collective solidarity. Their buffoonery running distracted the audience from the everyday routine, becoming its counterpoint. The author also determines the contribution of the upper social classes to the development of running practices d: economic (funding of professional runners and material reward for the non-professional winners of the city festivals); practical (amateur running or other athletic practices as a component of a gentleman's everyday life); ideological (Renaissance humanists assumed that physical activity is a non-religious way to overcome time through maintaining physical well-being).

Light Side of Design: Professional Vector

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Elena A. Zaeva-Burdonskaya ◽  
Yuri V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Design Culture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Light Side

This article addresses one of the most actively developing types of design activities – light design. The article comprises quotes of the leading Russian and foreign light design specialists published over the previous five years, as well as the authors’ own conclusions. The thoughts quoted in the article are sometimes opposite to each other and reflect the wide spectrum of professional practice. They reflect the initial opinions of analysts and experts which are often diverging. All of the specialists point at the interdisciplinary nature of the new profession, which imposes additional load on a designer overloaded enough already by the scope and speed of the problems being solved nowadays. The discussion of the new profession of light designer initiated on the pages of professional publications is especially important in view of the development of professional standards and standards of design and architectural education, as well as creation of new educational programmes based on various approaches to the subject in technical and humanitarian institutions. The goal of this article is to introduce light design into the field of fully legitimate sections of design culture, to define the authentic scientific basis of the new creative profession, to initiate a foundation for self-determination of the new synthetic area, which materially affects the state of the profession as a whole and the life standards of a wide variety of consumers. In order to reach the set goal, a comparative and analytical method of study was selected, which allows studying the problem to a large extent and from all angles and finding the ways of overcoming the challenges emerging in the area of the new activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document