scholarly journals Punishment of the collaborationists in Vichy and other French regions (1944 – 1945)

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Aleksei Dmitrievich Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Special Position ◽  
French Government ◽  
Organized Violence ◽  
Other Hand

The goal of this article lies in examination of the process of preventing collaborationism in the former capital of the French state, as well as in determination of whether the process of suppressing cooperation with the German occupier has any peculiarities associated with the special position of Vichy in relation to other departments. The author examines such aspects of the topic as spontaneous and organized violence in Vichy and other French regions during the postwar period (1944 – 1945). Special attention is given to reprisal against the collaborationists in Vichy and the formation of representation on the unity of France during the occupation imbued by the Gaullist state. The main conclusions of this research consists in the two interpretations of the purges that took place in the postwar years in France. The situation in the agglomeration has several similarities with the situation in multiple departments: shaving of women; government branches responsible for repressions; urgent purges. However, the fact that namely Vichy was the seat of the French government has its own peculiarities:  weak first phase of the extrajudicial purge due to the presence of law enforcement forces during the occupation and opposition, and on the other hand, the cruelty of spontaneous violence in June of 1945,  numerous arrests in the first two weeks after the liberation, excessive city residents representation in the Court and  Civil Chamber, as well as severity of the sentences.

scholarly journals Determination of the Ratios of Ligands to Metal Ion of some Metal Complexes of Triazoles by Using Eleetronie Speetra in Organie Solvents

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Electronic Spectra ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Other Hand

We found that 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propynyl) thio- 1??-triazole [1? forms a complex with Pd (11) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light in CH2CI2 at 400 nm, and 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propenyl) thio- 1,2,4- triazole [II] forms complexes with Pd (II) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 390 nm, and of ratio 2:1 which absorbs light at 435 nm. On the other hand, we found that the new derivative 4- phenyl- 5( p- amino phenyl) -3- mercapto- 1,2,4- triazole ?111? forms complexes with Cu (II) ion of the ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 380 nm, with Ni (II) ion of the ratio 3:1 which absorbs light at 358 nm; and with Co (11) ion of the ratio 3.2:1 which absorbs light at 588 nm. The ratio of the complexes were determined by measuring the electronic spectra of the complexes in CH2G2 and (CH^NCHO at different concentrations ofthe ligands and f?xed ' •' of the metal ion in every case, then applying the molar ratio plots on the data. Our results were confirmed by precipitating most ofthe above complexes in solid state, and then each complex was analyzed elementally.

scholarly journals Evolution of Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa - from Nkruma to Mutharika The 2nd

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Mavhungu Abel Mafukata
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Service ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bureaucratic Corruption ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Public Views ◽  
Development Prospects

Since Sub-Saharan Africa's first independence in Ghana, the region has experienced massive and costly political and bureaucratic corruption within public service and administration. The causes of the corruption, its nature and form are wide and intertwined. In Sub-Saharan Africa, efforts to curb corruption have failed to discard it. The paper focused on the period from Nkruma in Ghana to Mutharika the 2nd in Malawi. This paper reviewed existing literature on political and bureaucratic corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa while on the other hand the paper employed key informant interviews to gather the required data to investigate, analyse and profile the genesis and evolution of corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa. The key informant interviews were employed to solicit public views and opinion from nineteen key informant participants (n=19) selected from 11 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper found that corruption is legendary; has entrenched itself to becoming some sort of culture in the region, and has become the most difficult socio-economic challenge to resolve in the region despite the various anti-corruption efforts employed by stakeholders to curb it. It emerged through the study that law-enforcement efforts against corruption need some reinforcement in order to be effective and eficient in uprooting corruption in the region. If Sub-Saharan Africa fails to address its corruption challenge, its development prospects would seriously curtailed.

scholarly journals Resin canals in spruce (Picea abis /L./ Karst.) with the occurrence of reaction wood

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Gryc ◽  
Petr Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Compression Wood ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Resin Canal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resin Canals

The paper was aimed at the determination of variability of horizontal resin canal dimension in spruce wood in relation to the position in a spruce stem. Significant changes of dimensions in horizontal resin canal along the stem length and radius were found. On the basis obtained of results 3D models (for CW, OW, SWL and SWP zones) describing changes in resin canal dimensions in spruce in relation to the position in a stem were created. In the models, the resin canal dimension decreases with the height of a stem and on the other hand, with an increasing distance from the stem pith the dimension of resin canal increases. The importance of the paper consists in the enlargement of findings about the structure of spruce with compression wood.

Kvalitet pitanja u TV školi u nastavi prirode i društva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lukić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
School Year ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paperis to determine the quality of TV classes World around us and Nature and Social Science,which were broadcasted on Radio Television of Serbia during the pandemic in the school year 2019/20. Although the work was indirect, so the immediate interaction between the teacher and student is missed. Therefore, teacher's questions were the way of establishing some kind of interaction in such classes organized in this manner. For this reason, we wanted to establish the types of questions that teachers were asking to students through small screens. Considering that the achievements of learning are based on Bloom's Taxonomy, we were analyzing sixteen TV classes and classified the questions the teachers asked according to cognitive area, on six educational levels. The results indicate that the most common were question within lower cognitive levels were (knowledge, understanding and application), and that there are no statistically significant differences in cognitive levels on questions asked between lower (1st and 2nd grade) and higher grades (3rd and 4th grade), on the other hand, on the classes of determination of educational content teachers were asking statistically significant quality questions compared to the classes of interpretation.

scholarly journals Markov chains and the determination of fair premiums

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
The University

The relationships between actuarial and pure mathematics are curious. Actuaries have contributed to the development of mathematical theory: it is sufficient to mention, as examples, Fredholm of an earlier, and Cramér of a more recent generation. Scandinavian mathematicians, in particular, have been concerned with a very special type of stochastic process, reflected in the collective theory of risk, and the work of Philipson, Ammeter and others in this field is well known to readers of this Bulletin. However, the main stream of the theory of stochastic processes has little contact with actuarial applications.On the other hand, many actuaries have studied and assimilated pure mathematics and have thrown light on actuarial matters by describing their own preoccupations in the terminology of modern, often abstract, mathematics. E. Franckx is one of their number.The Instituto di Matematica Finanziaria of the University of Trieste (Faculty of Economics and Commerce) has published a booklet entitledEssai d'une théorie opérationnelle des risques Markoviens which contains three lectures delivered by Professor Franckx in Trieste and a contribution which he presented to the 17th Congress of Actuaries, held in London in 1964.

Dermatoglyphics in Twins

1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa F. Peña ◽  
F.M. Salzano ◽  
Sidia M. Callegari
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ridge Count ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Adult Twins

SummaryThe degree of genetic determination of 4 digital and 16 palmar characteristics was investigated in an unselected series of 49 MZ and 51 DZ adult twins. Low indications of heritability were obtained for the qualitative traits, but 6 of the 8 h2 estimates calculated for the quantitative measurements gave values above 0.70. In general, the results reported here are in agreement with those presented by other authors; however, the correlation coefficients observed for the A′d ridge count were lower than those of two other series. All palmar ridge counts seemed to be intercorrelated in a given individual; other expected relationships, however, were not observed. The fingerprints of MZ and DZ twins on the other hand, showed an unexplained difference.

scholarly journals The effect of bread-making process on contents of key trichothecene mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol, T-2, and HT-2 toxins

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dropa ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
K. Lancová ◽  
I. Burešová
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Toxin Concentration ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Wheat Flours

The fate of trichothecene mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxins during the bread preparation and baking was investigated in order to obtain information about the influence of processing conditions on the levels of these toxins in final products. Highly artificially contaminated wheat was used to obtain flours with three contamination levels (DON 1615–398, T-2 toxin 927–160, and HT-2 toxin 258–38 μg/kg). Method for Test Baking of Wheat Flours (ICC Standard No.131) was used within the experiments for bread sample preparation. Various combinations of dough fermentation, proofing and baking times were used to prepare test breads. For determination of toxin levels in all tested matrices, HPLC–MS/MS method was employed. No substantial effect on DON levels was observed as a result of various conditions used for bread preparation and baking; maximum DON decrease 10%, compared to contaminated flour. On the other hand, significant changes in T-2/HT-2 toxin contents were found in experimental bread compared to contaminated flour; reduction of T-2 toxin concentration (30–50%) and increase of HT-2 toxin concentration (10–70%), respectively.  

The Politics of Anti-Bolshevism: the French Government and the Russo-Polish War, December 1919 to May 1920

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jabara Carley
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
French Government ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Soviet Russia

On 26 April 1920 the Polish army launched a major offensive against Soviet Russia. The question of the French government's role in the unleashing of this attack has long been a matter of historical debate. P. S. Wandycz, whose work is the most recent detailed account of French eastern policy during the early twenties, attributes no major responsibility to the French for the outbreak of all-out war on Poland's eastern frontier. He states that the Quai d'Orsay was unenthusiastic about a Polish campaign and that the Poles had acted on their own initiative. N. Davies asserts that ‘Allied policy sought to discourage Poland from attacking Russia.’ ‘Without formally forbidding a Polish offensive,’ he writes, the Allies ‘emphasized that it “the offensive’ could not enjoy their support. On the other hand, Soviet and European Left-wing opinion has long condemned the Polish attack as a direct result of French influence. Vladimir Potemkin noted that Poland was incapable of waging a full-scale war with its own resources and that consequently Allied influence had to be decisive in determining Warsaw's attitude toward a continuation of the war.

Should a Criminal Code Distinguish Between Justification and Excuse?

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Gur-Arye
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lesser Evils ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
Self Defence

Criminal law defences may be classified as either “justification” or “excuse”. A justification negates the wrongfulness of the conduct. The following are considered justifications: law enforcement, self-defence and lesser evils. An excuse, on the other hand, negates only the culpability of the actor for wrongful conduct. Under special circumstances, such as extreme pressure, it is considered unfair to blame the actor for the violation of the norm. Insanity and duress are typical excuses.

Concept of Information Sufficiency as the Basis for Inspections on Compliance with the Established Anticorruption Requirements

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Людмила Терещенко ◽  
Lyudmila Tyeryeyenko ◽  
Артем Цирин ◽  
Artem Tsirin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Administrative Discretion ◽  
Enforcement Official ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Available Information

The article is devoted to the concept of information sufficiency as the basis for carrying out inspections on compliance with the established anticorruption requirements. The authors note that the legislator, establishing the information sufficiency requirement, doesn’t envisage other requirements to it, in particular, its completeness and reliability. The authors believe that such approach allows ensuring observance of interests of both the person being verified and the society in general. The requirement of information sufficiency allows excluding unreasonable ungrounded inspections. On the other hand, completeness and reliability at the stage preceding control measures cannot be ensured. Only control measures and their results are able to determine the reliability (or unreliability) of the available information, which will be reflected in the inspection results. In their article the authors criticize the practice of using in the current legislation of categories with the uncertain contents that permit a law enforcement official to vary his administrative discretion; also the authors offer suggestions for improvement of the existing regulations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document