The Politics of Anti-Bolshevism: the French Government and the Russo-Polish War, December 1919 to May 1920

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jabara Carley
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
French Government ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Soviet Russia

On 26 April 1920 the Polish army launched a major offensive against Soviet Russia. The question of the French government's role in the unleashing of this attack has long been a matter of historical debate. P. S. Wandycz, whose work is the most recent detailed account of French eastern policy during the early twenties, attributes no major responsibility to the French for the outbreak of all-out war on Poland's eastern frontier. He states that the Quai d'Orsay was unenthusiastic about a Polish campaign and that the Poles had acted on their own initiative. N. Davies asserts that ‘Allied policy sought to discourage Poland from attacking Russia.’ ‘Without formally forbidding a Polish offensive,’ he writes, the Allies ‘emphasized that it “the offensive’ could not enjoy their support. On the other hand, Soviet and European Left-wing opinion has long condemned the Polish attack as a direct result of French influence. Vladimir Potemkin noted that Poland was incapable of waging a full-scale war with its own resources and that consequently Allied influence had to be decisive in determining Warsaw's attitude toward a continuation of the war.

Did Ground Cover Change Over Geologic Time?

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. LePage ◽  
Hermann W. Pfefferkorn
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plant Fossil

When one hears the term “ground cover,” one immediately thinks of “grasses.” This perception is so deep-seated that paleobotanists even have been overheard to proclaim that “there was no ground cover before grasses.” Today grasses are so predominant in many environments that this perception is perpetuated easily. On the other hand, it is difficult to imagine the absence or lack of ground cover prior to the mid-Tertiary. We tested the hypothesis that different forms of ground cover existed in the past against examples from the Recent and the fossil record (Table 1). The Recent data were obtained from a large number of sources including those in the ecological, horticultural, and microbiological literature. Other data were derived from our knowledge of Precambrian life, sedimentology and paleosols, and the plant fossil record, especially in situ floras and fossil “monocultures.” Some of the data are original observations, but many others are from the literature. A detailed account of these results will be presented elsewhere (Pfefferkorn and LePage, in preparation).

scholarly journals Образ материнской любви в фильме Трясина Григория Чухрая*

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Shino Maeda
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Female Image ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Military

Image of maternal love in Grigory Chukhray’s The QuagmireMemories of the Great Patriotic War contributed to the making of a national identity in Soviet Russia, and clear gender roles are evident in Soviet propaganda war art. The image of male soldiers demonstrates the obligation to defend the fatherland against the outside enemy. On the other hand, there are images of a mother cheering for her son or a mother lamenting over a fallen soldier. It is clear that the female image belongs to the reproductive function of motherhood. The establishment presents an ideal and urges the public to internalize it by themselves. Grigory Chukhray’s film The Quagmire’s 1977 mother, however, hides her young son, who was conscripted to the front. The  film casts doubt on the Soviet war myth and asks “Why do mothers have to be reconciled to lose their sons in order to defend the fatherland?” That’s why the military purged the film from the screen. Obraz miłości macierzyńskiej w filmie Grigorija Czuchraja TrzęsawiskoWspomnienia i obrazy Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej odegrały ważną rolę w kształtowaniu tożsamości obywateli Rosji Radzieckiej. W sowieckiej propagandzie wojennej wyraźnie widać hierarchię genderową. Wizerunek żołnierza mężczyzny odnosi się do obowiązku obrony ojczyzny przed zewnętrznym wrogiem. Natomiast wizerunek matki wiwatującej na cześć zwycięstwa syna lub rodzicielki lamentującej nad poległym żołnierzem kojarzony jest z macierzyństwem. Film Grigorija Czuchraja Trzęsawisko Трясина opowiada historię matki ukrywającej powołanego do wojska i wezwanego na front syna. Film, który wkrótce po premierze wycofano z  dystrybucji, stawia pytania dotyczące funkcjonowania radzieckich mitów wojennych oraz sytuacji kobiet, które nie chcą się pogodzić ze śmiercią swych synów broniących ojczyzny.

“The Devil Begins to Roar”: Opposition to Early Methodists in New England

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
French Government ◽  
Sexual Predators ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
The Devil

In the several decades after their arrival in the New England states in the late 1780s, Methodists were the objects of a wide variety of attacks, some of them mutually contradictory. Their preachers were accused of being pickpockets, horse thieves, and sexual predators, while on the other hand some converts were mocked for their excessive moral seriousness. They were suspected alternatively of being agents of the English crown, spies for the French government, and Jeffersonian radicals. Further, to some it seemed that their episcopal form of government and ecclesiastical tribunals functioned as a sort of shadow government undermining the political institutions of the nation. They were attacked for their Arminian theology, in defense of which they vigorously condemned Calvinist doctrine. They were mocked as enthusiasts and fanatics whose preachers, pretending to an immediate divine calling, inflamed the passions of their listeners and whose gatherings degenerated into bedlams of disorder, confusion, and moral scandal. They were disturbers of churches, transgressing parochial boundaries, sowing disorder, and fracturing the covenant relationship between minister and flock, all of which recalled memories of the upheaval accompanying the awakenings of the 1740s. They were unlearned rustics not fit to instruct people in divinity, but they were also sly enough to worm their way into the hearts and minds of people by shrewdly hiding their true intentions and prejudicing their hearers against the standing ministers.

Full Scale Reeling Simulation Tests of Girth Welded X60 HFW Linepipe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruki Sadasue ◽  
Satoshi Igi ◽  
Kenji Oi ◽  
Satoru Yabumoto
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Girth Welds

The reel-lay method is a fast and cost efficient installation process for offshore rigid steel pipelines. Pipelines installed by the reel-lay method are plastically deformed due to reeling, unreeling, aligning and straightening during pipeline installation. Therefore, local buckling is one of the major concerns from a view point of integrity in linepipes, especially around girth welds where strength mismatching arises due to adjacent pipes with different yield strength. One the other hand, the change in mechanical properties of linepipes during reel-lay, including coating process (e.g. 250°C) and long time exposure (e.g. 250°C aging) after installation is also important in order to guarantee safety of linepipes. Furthermore fracture toughness at girth weld Coarse-grain HAZ (CGHAZ) after reeling and aging should be clear to prevent brittle fracture of offshore linepipes in service. In this study, full scale reeling simulation tests of girth welded X60 HFW (High Frequency electric resistance Welded) linepipes with OD; 323.9mm and WT;15.9mm after full body heat treatment (coating simulation) were conducted at 5cycles and 2cycles reeling and straightening situations when yield strength mismatches are present between adjacent pipes around girth welds. Localized strain concentration was observed near girth welds by strength mismatching of adjacent pipes. DNV ovality increased with increasing reeling and straightening cycles, however the ovality did not exceed 10%, which was a criterion value for local buckling, after 5cycles reeling simulation test. The change ratio of wall thickness after full scale reeling simulation tests were about ±2% (within DNV-OS-F101 tolerance) regardless of circumferential and longitudinal direction of pipes. Longitudinal tensile properties could be characterized by axial last introduced plastic strain. That is, in the positive number of last introduced plastic strain, YS and Y/T increased, while uEl decreased by work hardening effect. On the other hand YS and Y/T decreased, while uEl increased at the negative number of last introduced plastic strain by Bauschinger effect. Circumferential tensile properties could be also characterized by axial last introduced plastic strain. Yield strength and Y/T slightly increased while uniform elongation slightly decreased by aging at longitudinal and circumferential direction. Tensile properties did not change irrespective of the number of cycles of reeling simulation tests. After 5cycles reeling simulation test and aging, girth welded CGHAZ CTOD values were over 0.4mm at −20°C and Charpy absorbed energy were over 200J at −30°V, therefore, it was considered that the brittle fracture of the girth welded linepipe unlikely occur at reeling and aging situation in this study.

scholarly journals A study on the histological changes resulting from certain virus infections of the potato

1932 ◽  
Vol 111 (769) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Phloem Necrosis ◽  
Morbid Anatomy

A degeneration of the phloem elements of the potato, which occurs in plants suffering from Leaf-roll, was first described by Quanjer (1913). Since them phloem necrosis has been recorded by many workers, some ascribing it to specific pathogenic causes while others state that it occurs in both healthy and diseased plants. Esmarch (1921) states that it is always present in the ripening plant, and v. Brehmer (1923) shows three types of necrosis, viz., Nekrobiose , Obliteration and Necrosis , of which only the last is necessarily due to virus infection. On the other hand, Artschwager (1923) found necrotic changes only in virus infected and injured plants. In this paper an attempt is made to correlate the histopathological changes occuring in virus diseased plants with the external symptoms which they exhibit. A large part of the work is devoted to the morbid anatomy of certain “Streak” diseases, for a detailed account of the external symptons of which see Salaman and Bawden (1932).

The Expected Yield of Ordinary Shares

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 401-426
Author(s):  
J. R. Hemsted
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dividend Yield ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Current Price ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Compound Interest ◽  
A Share

The assessment of ordinary shares is at present the subject of intense activity. A full-scale professional analysis of a particular share can, however, be a most formidable document and one which does not produce the answer to the question ‘What long term return can I expect from my investment?’ On the other hand a simple statement of dividend cover and dividend yield at the current price is clearly insufficient to decide on the merits of a share.This paper describes a method of assessing ordinary shares in terms of ‘expected yield’, i.e. the compound interest return which a long-term buyer would expect to obtain from his investment, and includes a note on a simple way of adjusting a company's published rates of dividend and earnings to produce a consistent growth record suitable for use in estimating the expected yield.

Menno Simons Research

1961 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480
Author(s):  
Cornelius Krahn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
World War ◽  
Free Church ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations

Research in the realm of Mennonite thought, history and biography has been increasing since the beginning of this century and particularly since World War II. Approximately 120 doctoral dissertations alone were written in Europe and America since World War II dealing with some aspect of Anabaptism-Mennonitism. Numerous factors could be given as reasons. In Europe some confessional and denominational prejudices are disappearing because of the changing pattern of the European religio-cultural and political life. Some liberal Protestant theologians have become interested in the Left Wing Reformation and stimulated research in this field. On the other hand, the more tradition- bound scholars also have inspired the younger generation to investigate Anabaptism. The improved status of the Free Church in Europe has, since the great upheavals resulting from World Wars I and II, stimulated research. The old notion that the state church is the church and the splinter groups are sects is on its way out in European thinking. In America the theological and denominational atmosphere has more or less been of the nature of “to believe and let believe.” Anabaptism, as a Left Wing of the Reformation, has found more attention in the realm of research than any other group of its size since World War II.

scholarly journals Punishment of the collaborationists in Vichy and other French regions (1944 – 1945)

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Aleksei Dmitrievich Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Special Position ◽  
French Government ◽  
Organized Violence ◽  
Other Hand

The goal of this article lies in examination of the process of preventing collaborationism in the former capital of the French state, as well as in determination of whether the process of suppressing cooperation with the German occupier has any peculiarities associated with the special position of Vichy in relation to other departments. The author examines such aspects of the topic as spontaneous and organized violence in Vichy and other French regions during the postwar period (1944 – 1945). Special attention is given to reprisal against the collaborationists in Vichy and the formation of representation on the unity of France during the occupation imbued by the Gaullist state. The main conclusions of this research consists in the two interpretations of the purges that took place in the postwar years in France. The situation in the agglomeration has several similarities with the situation in multiple departments: shaving of women; government branches responsible for repressions; urgent purges. However, the fact that namely Vichy was the seat of the French government has its own peculiarities:  weak first phase of the extrajudicial purge due to the presence of law enforcement forces during the occupation and opposition, and on the other hand, the cruelty of spontaneous violence in June of 1945,  numerous arrests in the first two weeks after the liberation, excessive city residents representation in the Court and  Civil Chamber, as well as severity of the sentences.

scholarly journals Veblen in the (Inner) City: On the Normality of Looting

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Zick Varul
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Police Response ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Undeserving Poor

Drawing on Veblen's concept of ‘pecuniary prowess’ I will argue that the August riots can be understood not so much in terms of protest but as an appropriation of the underlying acquisitive logic of capitalism. The violent realisation of that logic across class divides has become more likely due to an erosion in plausibility of discourses of meritocratic legitimacy. Recent denigrating discourses around “chavs” as dangerous and undeserving poor can be understood as attempts to reinstate meritocratic legitimacy rhetorically, but in an increasingly unequal society this becomes an ever more difficult enterprise. On the other hand, the assertion of the order of property through an effective police response may have eased the pressure by providing evidence that anxieties about a full scale insurgence are unfounded.

Deliberation against Participation? Yellow Vests and Grand Débat: A Perspective from Deliberative Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147892992094094
Author(s):  
Tamara Ehs ◽  
Monika Mokre
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Form ◽  
Protest Movement ◽  
French Government ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The yellow vest movement started in November 2018 and has formed the longest protest movement in France since 1945. The movement provoked different reactions of the French government—on the one hand, violence and repression; on the other hand, concessions. One of them was to provide a possibility for citizens’ participation by organizing the so-called “Grand Débat.” It was clear to all observers that this was less an attempt to further democracy in France than to calm down the protests of the yellow vests. Thus, it seemed doubtful from the beginning whether this form of participatory democracy could be understood as a real form of citizens’ deliberation, and in fact, several shortcomings with regard to procedure and participation were pointed out by theorists of deliberative democracy. The aim of this article is to analyze the Grand Débat with regard to its deliberative qualities and shortcomings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document