Should a Criminal Code Distinguish Between Justification and Excuse?

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Gur-Arye
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lesser Evils ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
Self Defence

Criminal law defences may be classified as either “justification” or “excuse”. A justification negates the wrongfulness of the conduct. The following are considered justifications: law enforcement, self-defence and lesser evils. An excuse, on the other hand, negates only the culpability of the actor for wrongful conduct. Under special circumstances, such as extreme pressure, it is considered unfair to blame the actor for the violation of the norm. Insanity and duress are typical excuses.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN TENTANG SISTEM PEMIDANAAN DALAM PERBARENGAN TINDAK PIDANA MENURUT KUHP

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi ◽  
Abdul Rahman Salman Paris
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Joint Crime

This study discusses the forms of crime in the context of criminal acts or the comparison of criminal acts (same loop) that occur in society. This happens where one person commits a crime, but it is not uncommon for one person to commit several functional crimes at the same time in the same place. On the other hand, there is also one person who determines the number of crimes at different times in different locations which in criminal law is known as the term of criminal acts or sharing criminal acts (same loop) or in Dutch is same loop van Strafbare Feiten. This study uses a normative method using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are three forms of criminal acts namely Concursus Idialis, continuing actions and realist Concursus while the penal system in the proportion of criminal acts can be applied to three methods, namely Stelsel absorption, cumulative Stelsel, and limited cumulative Stelsel.Keywords: criminal code; criminal system; joint crime. AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang bentuk-bentuk kejahatan perbarengan perbuatan pidana atau perbarengan tindak pidana (samenloop) yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat. Hal tersebut bisa terjadi dimana satu orang melakukan satu kejahatan tapi tidak jarang terjadi satu orang melakukan beberapa kejahatan baik dalam waktu yang sama di tempat yang sama. Disisi lain, ada juga satu orang yang melakukan beberapa kejahatan pada waktu yang berbeda di tempat yang berbeda pula yang dalam hukum pidana dikenal dengan istilah perbarengan perbuatan pidana atau perbarengan tindak pidana (samenloop) atau dalam bahasa belanda ialah sameloop van strafbare feiten. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif, dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga bentuk perbarengan tindak pidana yaitu concursus idialis, perbuatan berlanjut dan concursus realis sedangkan sistem pemidanaan dalam perbarengan tindak pidana dapat diterapkan tiga stelsel yaitu stelsel absorpsi, stelsel kumulasi dan stelsel kumulasi terbatas.Kata kunci: KUHP; sistem pemidanaan; perbarengan tindak pidana.

scholarly journals HUKUM ISLAM DALAM KERANGKA PEMBARUAN HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA, DILIHAT DARI PERSPEKTIF TEORI HUKUM PEMBANGUNAN MOCHTAR KUSUMAATMADJA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Aris Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Other Hand

<p><em>Development Law Theory refers to the life view (way of life) of Indonesian society based on the principle of Pancasila which encourages kinship then to norms, principles, institutions and rules. Updating laws is part of and at the same time implements punishment. Islamic Judicial Law, specifically concerning Role Law, stoning law for adulterers, as well as qishash, often gets a sharp spotlight from Non-Islamic societies such as Orientalists, as well as research, principles, legal laws and others required in the substance of the Criminal Code, actually regulated and applied in Islamic Law. On the other hand Islamic law in transition is not as rigid as imagined by Orientalists, but is instead flexible and can be used as a source of renewal of the National Criminal Law.</em></p>

scholarly journals Pencegahan Penodaan Agama Perspektif Fiqh Jinâyah

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-251
Author(s):  
Ahmad Habibullah
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Punishment ◽  
Legal Sanction ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract: This article discusses the Islamic criminal Law (fiqh jinâyah) analysis on prevention of blasphemy in Indonesia. Law No. 1 Year 1965 concerning with prevention of religion abuse and/or blasphemy and Criminal Code which see criteria regarding the banned or misguided sects or organizations that are also stipulated in the provisions of MUI (Indonesian Ulama Council) in 2007. The laws state that the legal sanction against the perpetrators of the desecration of religion is imprisoned for ever five years. In Islamic criminal Law, the detailed criteria of blasphemy can only slightly be met due to the absence of the text of either al-Qur’an or al-Hadith that explain in detail about the legal sanction of blasphemy. Application of the legal punishment which based on the wisdom of judge can be used against blasphemy. Such a legal punishment is in line with the existing legal sanction in UUPNPS. This is when the offense of blasphemy committed is rated light. On the other hand, if the offense of blasphemy is considered very heavy and has a very great effect, it can be the opposite.Keywords: Blasphemy, legal sanction, Islamic criminal law. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang analisis fikih jinâyah tehadap pencegahan penodaan agama di Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1965 Tentang Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan dan atau Penodaan Agama maupun KUHP, melihat kriteria mengenai aliran/organisasi yang terlarang atau sesat yang tertuang dalam ketentuan hukum tersebut yang dikuatkan pula oleh fatwa MUI pada tahun 2007, dinyatakan bahwa sanksi hukum terhadap pelaku penodaan agama adalah dengan pidana penjara selama-lamanya lima tahun. Dalam Fiqh Jinâyah, kriteria penodaan agama secara terperinci dapat ditemui meskipun hanya sedikit, dikarenakan tidak adanya nash al-Qur’an maupun Hadis yang menjelaskan secara detail mengenai penodaan agama beserta sanksi hukumnya. Penerapan hukuman ta’zîr yang berdasarkan kearifan hakim, digunakan untuk menjerat pelaku penodaan agama. Hukuman ta’zîr ini sejalan dengan sanksi hukum yang ada dalam UUPNPS, hal ini bila delik penodaan agama yang dilakukan dinilai ringan. Tetapi di sisi lain akan sangat bertolak belakang, apabila delik penodaan agama dinilai sangat berat dan besar pengaruh yang ditimbulkan.Kata Kunci: Penodaan agama, sanksi, fiqh jinâyah.

scholarly journals Perbuatan pidana kesusilaan dalam rancangan undang-undang KUHP

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hartini
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statutory Rape ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law

As an independent and sovereignty country, Indonesia should arrange KUHP (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana) to avoid loss of criminalities that have been increasing. The renewal of KUHP is very needed because it's not proper with the values of social politic, social philosophy, and social cultural of Indonesia people. It is the basic for sosial, criminal policy, and law enforcement. The urgency of revising of KUHP, specially putting susila crime put in draft criminal code (RUU KUHP) and almost the requirement still be formed widely, not distinguishing between criminal and people who break the rule, but the words "susila Crime” and the newly "statutory rape" and "incest’. According to the renewal, it's needed to direct it into the law development that is democratic and responsive, so that the law's function-that protect the society, can give fairness and as a development instrument will raise suitable with the principle of law country.  Although the draft criminal code (RUU KUHP) still need to be discussed again, remembering the effort to have national KUHP is very urgent, so it's better that draft criminal code (RUU KUHP) is not need more time to be UU, in the other hand, technically we will face difficulties in law enforcement because the representatives and experts are more free to say their thoughts.

scholarly journals Urgensi Pengaturan Kejahatan Korporasi dalam Pertanggungjawaban Tindak Pidana Korporasi Menurut RKUHP

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254
Author(s):  
Ikka Puspitasari ◽  
Erdiana Devintawati
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
Near Future

Artikel ini ingin menjawab bagaimana tindak pidana korporasi dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana di Indonesia menurut Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Di samping itu bagaimana kebijakan formulasi sistem pemidanaan dalam menanggu-langi tindak pidana korporasi pada masa yang akan datang. Artikel ini mengungkapkan bahwa eksistensi suatu korporasi memiliki andil yang cukup besar baik bagi kepentingan manusia ataupun bagi kepentingan negara. Suatu korporasi sering diikuti oleh pelanggaran-pelanggaran atau bahkan perbuatan melanggar hukum termasuk pelanggaran hukum pidana. Tindak pidana korporasi dapat pula dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan transnasional yang bersifat terorganisir.Pada masa sekarang ini Korporasi sebagai Subyek Hukum dapat dikenai pidana.Pengaturan pertanggungjawaban korporasi dalam hukum pidana di Indonesia diatur dalam RUU KUHP.  The Urgency of  Regulating Corporate Crimes Under Corporate Crime Liability According to Draft of Criminal Code Procedures The aims of this article, firstly, to answer the question on how coorporate crime liability to be considered as a crime under Indonesian criminal law based on Draft of Criminal Code  Procedures (RKUHP). Secondly, to understand the policy of sentencing system for coorporate crime in the near future. This article argue that the existence of coorporates  gives a significance constribution not only for human life but also for state interest. On the other hand, its also found that a coorporate that againts the law, both in private and criminal law. Coorporate crimes also categorized as well- organized trans-national crime. Nowdays, as a legal instituion, coorporates could be sentenced based on coorporate liability under Indonesian criminal law that regulated under RUU KUHP.

MAIN SPECIFICATIONS OF ASSESSING ACTIVITIES OF MINOR IMPORTANCE OF IN MODERN CRIMINAL LAW

Law and World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Detailed Review

The research includes the full and the detailed overview of assessing activities of minor importance in Georgian Criminal Law. The Article 7 of the Criminal Code of Georgia states the following: a crime shall not be an action that, although formally containing the signs of a crime, has not produced, for minor importance, the prejudice that would require criminal liability of its perpetrator, or has not created the risk of such harm. The research includes the main criteria of defining activities as activities of minor importance. The detailed review of Georgian case law is also introduced, as well as, legislation, judicial literature and experience of the other European countries.

Distinction between Dolus and Culpa with reference to Arson in Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haman ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

The difference between intent (dolus) and negligence (culpa) was rarely emphasized in codified medieval laws and regulations. When compared to the legal statements related to intent, negligence was mentioned even more rarely. However, there are some laws that distinguished between the two concepts in terms of some specific crimes, such as arson. This paper draws attention to three medieval Slavic legal documents – the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem (ZSLJ), the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj. They are compared with reference to regulations regarding arson, with the focus being on arson as a crime committed intentionally or out of negligence. The ZSLJ as the oldest known Slavic law in the world shows some similarities with other medieval Slavic legal codes, especially in the field of criminal law, since most of the ZSLJ’s articles are related to criminal law. On the other hand, the Vinodol Law is the oldest preserved Croatian law and it is among the oldest Slavic codes in the world. It was written in 1288 in the Croatian Glagolitic script and in the Croatian Chakavian dialect. The third document – the Statute of Senj – regulated legal matters in the Croatian littoral town of Senj. It was written in 1388 – exactly a century after the Vinodol Law was proclaimed. When comparing the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj with the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, there are clear differences and similarities, particularly in the field of criminal law. Within the framework of criminal offenses, the act of arson is important for making a distinction between intent and negligence. While the ZSLJ regulates different levels of guilt, the Vinodol Law makes no difference between dolus and culpa. On the other hand, the Statute of Senj strictly refers to negligence as a punishable crime. Even though the ZSLJ is almost half a millennium older than the Statute of Senj and around 400 years older than the Vinodol Law, this paper proves that the ZSLJ defines the guilt and the punishment for arson much better than the other two laws.

scholarly journals Konsepsi Hukum Progresif dalam Pengaturan Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Efraim Mbomba Reda ◽  
I Nyoman Putu Budiartha ◽  
I Made Minggu Widyantara
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Sociology Of Law ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Descriptive Method

Progressive law puts forward the sociology of law rather than legal certainty which is the focus of legal positivism. In Indonesia, this law was coined by Satjipto Rahardjo. This study aims to determine the formulation of progressive law in future criminal law, and to determine the actualization of the concept of progressive law in regulating corruption in Indonesia. The research method used is a normative legal research method with statute and conceptual approaches. The technique of collecting legal materials in this study is a descriptive method that aims to obtain the meaning of reality related to the problems to be discussed and solved in this study. The results show that in the current Criminal Code Bill, progressive law has been regulated, to be precise in Article 2 paragraph (1) and (2). Progressive law is also regulated in Law no. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power. Then, the actualization of progressive law in regulating corruption in Indonesia is a judge with the powers that take into account the sociological context of society in making decisions. Judges, prosecutors and lawyers can certainly discuss together in eradicating corruption. Efforts are also being made to reconstruct and redefine the power of law enforcement. This arrangement can also encourage the KPK to be more progressive in eradicating corruption, as well as building law enforcers who have morality so that they can become role models and increase public participation, for example by forming NGOs in preventing or fighting corruption in various agencies.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF ENFORCEMENT OF NORMS PROVIDING RESPONSIBILITY FOR ECOLOGICAL CRIMES 

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Л. Магомадова ◽  
З.Л. Магомадова
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Environmental Crimes

В статье рассматриваются уголовно-правовые нормы, содержащиеся в гл. 26 УК РФ, устанавливающие ответственность за экологические преступления с точки зрения определения причин их низкой применяемости в судебной практике. Выделены наиболее актуальные уголовно-правовые проблемы, раскрыт ряд вопросов эффективности применения норм об ответственности за экологические преступления и проиллюстрированы ключевые моменты примерами правоприменительной практики, предложены пути законодательного их разрешения. The article discusses the criminal law contained in Sec. 26 of the Criminal Code, establishing liability for environmental crimes in terms of determining the causes of their low applicability in judicial practice. The most relevant criminal law problems are highlighted, a number of issues of the effectiveness of the application of the rules on liability for environmental crimes are revealed, key points are illustrated with examples of law enforcement practice, and ways to legislatively resolve them are proposed.

scholarly journals The Potential of Criminal Law in Protecting Labor Rights of Citizens (Using the Example of Article 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-844
Author(s):  
Michail Sagandykov ◽  
Galia Shafikova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The relevance of the study is based, on the one hand, on high public danger of crimes in the sphere of labor relations and, on the other hand, on a very low interest of law enforcement, control and supervision bodies in these crimes. The authors show that modern criminal legislation in the sphere of protecting labor rights has a high potential in comparison with both Soviet and foreign criminal law norms. At the same time, this potential, primarily expressed in Chapter 19 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, remains untapped. Many norms, including Art. 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation «Violating the Equality of Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen», are virtually never used against discrimination in the labor sphere, although such discrimination is quite common. No such cases have been found in court statistical data, thus it is impossible to provide a comprehensive criminological description of these crimes. The norm of Art. 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is seldom used by law enforcers because it is legally ambiguous. In this connection the authors suggest complementing the disposition of Art. 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with such factors of discrimination as «age» and «marital status». The latter factor will make it possible to provide extra protection to pregnant women and women with children under three years old against unmotivated refusal of employment and firing. The authors argue that such actions of the employer should constitute an aggregate of crimes and should be punished simultaneously under Art. 136 and 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the authors think that it is not appropriate to make the disposition of Art. 136 a blanket one due to vague grounds for discrimination in special legislation, including labor legislation. The obtained results could be used for the improvement of Russian legislation based on theoretical research and the practice of law enforcement.

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