scholarly journals Automatic Water Dispenser Based on Hand Gesture Detection Using Arduino

Jurnal INFORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Yudi Kristyawan ◽  
Zahid Faizal Kholil
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Clear Glass ◽  
Hand Gesture Detection

Water dispensers are electronic devices that are widely available in households and offices. In general, water dispensers use faucets to drain water. During the pandemic, many people avoid touching equipment used by many people. Various ways have been done so that the water dispenser can be operated automatically without touching the faucet. Previous research on water dispensers was only applied to one type of water. This study aims to make an automatic water dispenser without touching the faucet used for two types of water, namely hot water or cold water. This research is based on hand gesture detection to choose hot water or cold water. The APDS-9960 gesture sensor detects hand movements to select hot or cold water, and then a servo motor is used to open the water faucet. After that, the position of the glass is validated by the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04, and water will flow for 30 seconds into the glass. The entire input and output process is controlled using Arduino. The results show that this automatic water dispenser can detect hand gestures at a maximum distance of 15 cm with a hand movement speed of 2 to 3.7 seconds. This automatic water dispenser can detect three kinds of glass, namely ceramic, clear glass, and plastic, at a distance of 1 to 3 cm, and the volume of water flowing for 30 seconds is 240 ml.

scholarly journals Implementation of greywater heat recovery system in hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Dudkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Ludwińska ◽  
Krzysztof Rajski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Eu

The constant demand for domestic hot water (DHW) creates great opportunity for drain water heat recovery (DWHR) systems in hospitals, so there is an enormous potential to reduce energy consumption in accordance to the EU environmental policy. This paper aims to assess the energy saving from greywater in hospitals. The energy analysis considered the type, constructions, efficiency of the proposed four types of heat exchangers (HEX). The measured data from two Polish hospitals was elaborated and calculated for two supply cold water temperatures: constant and variable. Results ensure that implementation of HEX type GFX allows to save up 30% of the energy demand.

scholarly journals STUDY OF HAND GESTURE RECOGNITION AND CLASSIFICATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Srinivas K ◽  
Manoj Kumar Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Hand Gesture Recognition ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Sign Language Recognition ◽  
Hand Gestures

To recognize different hand gestures and achieve efficient classification to understand static and dynamic hand movements used for communications.Static and dynamic hand movements are first captured using gesture recognition devices including Kinect device, hand movement sensors, connecting electrodes, and accelerometers. These gestures are processed using hand gesture recognition algorithms such as multivariate fuzzy decision tree, hidden Markov models (HMM), dynamic time warping framework, latent regression forest, support vector machine, and surface electromyogram. Hand movements made by both single and double hands are captured by gesture capture devices with proper illumination conditions. These captured gestures are processed for occlusions and fingers close interactions for identification of right gesture and to classify the gesture and ignore the intermittent gestures. Real-time hand gestures recognition needs robust algorithms like HMM to detect only the intended gesture. Classified gestures are then compared for the effectiveness with training and tested standard datasets like sign language alphabets and KTH datasets. Hand gesture recognition plays a very important role in some of the applications such as sign language recognition, robotics, television control, rehabilitation, and music orchestration.

scholarly journals Residential Drain Water Heat Recovery Systems: Modeling, Analysis, and Implementation

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Bartkowiak ◽  
Ryan Fisk ◽  
Andrew Funk ◽  
Jonathan Hair ◽  
Steven J Skerlos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Water Heaters

This paper describes the design and environmental improvements that can be achieved using drain water heat recovery systems (DWHR) to reduce the energy consumption associated with residential showering. DWHR systems transfer heat from hot drain water to the shower's incoming cold water stream, thus reducing the demand on the hot water heater. There are various DWHR systems available that differ in heat exchanger type, cost, and performance. This article focuses on designing a flat plate and gravity fed heat exchangers for a range of residential showering conditions. This is useful since there currently is no peer-reviewed published data on the effectiveness of DWHR, nor is there published research considering the emissions reductions that can be achieved with realistic DWHR systems. The governing equations for heat exchangers are used to model empirical data and to derive implementation recommendations for DWHR design. The model is validated using a prototype flat plate heat exchanger and test stand under varying flow rates and temperatures. A Monte Carlo simulation of the results showed that DWHR could save an average $74 a year for homes with natural gas water heaters and $160 a year for homes with electric water heaters. This corresponds to 0.3 metric tons and 1.5 metric tons of CO2offset per home per year for natural gas and electric water heaters, respectively. The results are compiled and organized into a software program that allows consumers to input their household showering habits and location to get an estimate of their CO2, energy, and cost savings to determine if they should install a DWHR system.

scholarly journals A field study of the survival ofLegionella pneumophilain a hospital hot–water system

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Farrell ◽  
J. E. Barker ◽  
E. P. Miles ◽  
J. G. P. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Undetectable Level ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYThe colonization, survival and control ofLegionella pneumophilain a hospital hot–water system was examined. The organism was consistently isolated from calorifier drain–water samples at temperatures of 50°C or below, despite previous chlorination of the system. When the temperature of one of two linked calorifiers was raised to 60°C, by closing off the cold–water feed, the legionella count decreased from c. 104c.f.u./l to an undetectable level. However, 10 min after turning on the cold–water feed which produced a fall in calorifier temperature, the count in the calorifier drain water returned to its original level. Investigations revealed that the cold–water supply was continually feeding the calorifiers withL. pneumophila. Simple modifications in the design of the system were made so that the cold–water feed no longer exceeds 20°C; these measures have considerably reduced the number ofL. pneumophilareaching the calorifiers.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Different Number of Fins in Circular Tube

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kamil Abdul Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Copper Tube ◽  
Smooth Tube ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Flow Heat

Abstract-The present work investigates the enhancement of heat transfer by using different number of circular fins (8, 10, 12, 16, and 20) in double tube counter flow heat exchanger experimentally. The fins are made of copper with dimensions 66 mm OD, 22 mm ID and 1 mm thickness. Each fin has three of 14 mm diameter perforations located at 120o from each to another. The fins are fixed on a straight smooth copper tube of 1 m length, 19.9 mm ID and 22.2 mm OD. The tube is inserted inside the insulated PVC tube of 100 mm ID. The cold water is pumped around the finned copper tube, inside the PVC, at mass flow rates range (0.01019 - 0.0219) kg/s. The Reynold's number of hot water ranges (640 - 1921). The experiment results are obtained using six double tube heat exchanger (1 smooth tube and the other 5 are finned one). The results, illustrated that the heat transfer coefficient proportionally with the number of fin. The results also showed that the enhancement ratio of heat transfer for finned tube is higher than for smooth tube with (9.2, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1 13.1) times for number of fins (8, 10, 12, 16 and 20) respectively.

Context-dependent relationship in high-resolution micro-ECoG studies during finger movements

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1358-1366
Author(s):  
Chao-Hung Kuo ◽  
Timothy M. Blakely ◽  
Jeremiah D. Wander ◽  
Devapratim Sarma ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Finger Movements ◽  
Thumb Movement ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVEThe activation of the sensorimotor cortex as measured by electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals has been correlated with contralateral hand movements in humans, as precisely as the level of individual digits. However, the relationship between individual and multiple synergistic finger movements and the neural signal as detected by ECoG has not been fully explored. The authors used intraoperative high-resolution micro-ECoG (µECoG) on the sensorimotor cortex to link neural signals to finger movements across several context-specific motor tasks.METHODSThree neurosurgical patients with cortical lesions over eloquent regions participated. During awake craniotomy, a sensorimotor cortex area of hand movement was localized by high-frequency responses measured by an 8 × 8 µECoG grid of 3-mm interelectrode spacing. Patients performed a flexion movement of the thumb or index finger, or a pinch movement of both, based on a visual cue. High-gamma (HG; 70–230 Hz) filtered µECoG was used to identify dominant electrodes associated with thumb and index movement. Hand movements were recorded by a dataglove simultaneously with µECoG recording.RESULTSIn all 3 patients, the electrodes controlling thumb and index finger movements were identifiable approximately 3–6-mm apart by the HG-filtered µECoG signal. For HG power of cortical activation measured with µECoG, the thumb and index signals in the pinch movement were similar to those observed during thumb-only and index-only movement, respectively (all p > 0.05). Index finger movements, measured by the dataglove joint angles, were similar in both the index-only and pinch movements (p > 0.05). However, despite similar activation across the conditions, markedly decreased thumb movement was observed in pinch relative to independent thumb-only movement (all p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSHG-filtered µECoG signals effectively identify dominant regions associated with thumb and index finger movement. For pinch, the µECoG signal comprises a combination of the signals from individual thumb and index movements. However, while the relationship between the index finger joint angle and HG-filtered signal remains consistent between conditions, there is not a fixed relationship for thumb movement. Although the HG-filtered µECoG signal is similar in both thumb-only and pinch conditions, the actual thumb movement is markedly smaller in the pinch condition than in the thumb-only condition. This implies a nonlinear relationship between the cortical signal and the motor output for some, but importantly not all, movement types. This analysis provides insight into the tuning of the motor cortex toward specific types of motor behaviors.

scholarly journals The Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Processing on Physical Properties of Processed Amaranth and Oat Bran Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Sean X. Liu ◽  
Diejun Chen ◽  
George E. Inglett ◽  
Jingyuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Amaranth Flour

Amaranth-oat composites were developed using gluten free amaranth flour containing essential amino acids and minerals with oat products containing β-glucan, known for lowering blood cholesterol. Amaranth flour and oat bran concentrate (OBC) composites (1:4) were processed using different technologies, including dry mixing, baking, steaming, cold wet blending, and high speed homogenizing (Polytron PT6000) with cold water or hot water. The results showed that water holding capacities, pasting, and rheological properties were dramatically increased by wet blending, Polytron with cold water, and Polytron with hot water followed by drum drying. The processing procedures created dissimilar physical properties that will enhance the application of ancient grains and oat for functional foods that are suitable for people who are gluten-intolerant. In addition, the dietary fiber contents of composites were increased by the incorporation of OBC. The composites can be inexpensively prepared and processed. The new healthful products will be affordable for people who suffer from celiac disease or gluten-intolerant. These innovative gluten-free functional food products will help millions of gluten sensitive consumers enjoy heart-healthy functional foods.

Hand Movements and Nondominant Fluency in Bilinguals

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis R. Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Movement Activity

16 subordinate bilingual subjects produced 5-min. monologues in their nondominant languages, i.e., English or Spanish. Hand-movement activity manifested during the videotape monologues was scored and related to measures of fluency in the nondominant language. The hand-movement behavior categorized as Groping Movement was significantly related to all of the nondominant-language fluency measures. These correlations support the assumption that Groping Movement may have a function in the process of verbal encoding. The results are discussed in terms of the possibility of monitoring central cognitive processes through the study of “visible” motor behavior.

scholarly journals To Control Electrical MCBs using Hand Gesture Recognition

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 6102-6106
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Goyal ◽  
Dr. Bhupesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Hand Gesture Recognition ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Handicapped Person ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Computer Interaction

There has been growing interest in development of new techniques and methods for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Gesture Recognition is one of the important areas of this technology. Gesture Recognition means interfacing with computer using motion of human body typically hand movements. As a Handicapped person cannot move very easily and quickly if there is a fire in house or he/she cannot switch off the Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) but the same task can be done easily with hand gesture recognition. In our proposed system electrical MCB can be controlled using hand gesture recognizer. To switch on/off the MCB, we need to provide hand based gesture as an input to system.

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