scholarly journals Implementasi net neutrality di indonesia ditinjau dari undang-undang ite

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-259
Author(s):  
Satriyo Widhi Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Network Neutrality ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Selection Of

The problem of net neutrality has become a debate in many countries where the regulation on the net neutrality policy confirms that internet providers or Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are not allowed to make distinctions or be discriminatory in the selection of internet applications or content to be used by consumers or users. The purpose of this research is to analyze the application of network neutrality from the perspective of Indonesian law which specifically examines critically the applicable Information and Electronic Transactions Law. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The results show that the implementation of Net Neutrality in terms of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law is still not optimal because there are still network restrictions that are applied to certain Internet Network Providers. The results also show that there is a need for amendments to the ITE Law related to the enforcement of legal protection with the principle of forming a prohibition against the actions of Internet Service Provider (ISP) business actors that can disrupt the business climate.

Telenor Magyarország Zrt. v. Nemzeti Média- és Hírközlési Hatóság Elnöke (C.J.E.U.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Biros
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
End User ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Internet Regulation ◽  
User Access ◽  
Digital Sphere

An important ruling, with international implications regarding the increasingly fraught and unsettled realm of state regulation in the digital sphere, came from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on September 15, 2020. In its ruling in the case of Telenor Magyarország Zrt. v Nemzeti Média- és Hírközlési Hatóság Elnöke, the CJEU stepped in to make a strong defense of legislation intended to secure so-called “net neutrality”—the principle of internet regulation meant to ensure that internet service providers cannot unduly restrict end-user access to certain internet applications or services based solely on commercial considerations. The ruling continues the CJEU's strict legal interpretations in furtherance of EU regulation and protection of consumer and individual rights in the digital sphere, with a clear eye toward cementing Europe's position in the vanguard of digital regulation and in the hope that such principles will be replicated and upheld elsewhere.

Zero-Rating and Net Neutrality

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Niloofar Bayat ◽  
Richard Ma ◽  
Vishal Misra ◽  
Dan Rubenstein
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Network Neutrality ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Content Quality ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Broad Agreement

An objective of network neutrality is to design regulations for the Internet and ensure that it remains a public, open platform where innovations can thrive. While there is broad agreement that preserving the content quality of service falls under the purview of net neutrality, the role of differential pricing, especially the practice of zero-rating remains controversial. In this paper, we model zero-rating between Internet service providers (ISPs) and content providers (CPs) and show if zero-rating is permitted, the competitiveness in the market is reduced, where low-income CPs often lose utility and high-income CPs often gain utility.

scholarly journals Washington Hotline

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Ellen Satterwhite
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Internet Traffic ◽  
Federal Communications Commission ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Network Neutrality ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Internet Service Providers ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The U.S

The fight for network neutrality continues, despite disappointing court rulingOn October 1, 2019, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit delivered a long-awaited and complex ruling on whether the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) had the authority to eliminate Obama-era network neutrality protections that required all Internet traffic to be treated equally and prohibited blocking or prioritizing traffic in any way. The issue hinges in part on the reclassification of broadband as a telecommunications service, which would have made Internet service providers subject to stricter regulations. The judges ruled in favor of the FCC, saying it does have the authority to determine how the Internet is regulated (or not, in this case). At the same time, the court also determined the FCC still has work to do, remanding parts of the order back for further proceedings and, most importantly, rejecting the FCC’s attempts to prevent states from passing their own net neutrality rules.

A netsemlegesség - definíciók, törvényhozói, tartalomszolgáltatói, internetszolgáltatói és felhasználói olvasatok

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szűts ◽  
Jinil Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Internet Service Providers ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Theoretical Insight

Tanulmányunk témája a netsemlegesség. Először magát a fogalmat definiáljuk többféle módon, majd a netsemlegességgel kapcsolatos törvényhozói, internet- és tartalomszolgáltatói, valamint felhasználói kihívásokat, problémákat és válaszokat mutatjuk be. Számos szerző szerint az internet legnagyobb, immár tradicionális értéke a nyíltság, sokszínűség, tartalomgazdagság, tértől és időtől független társadalmi és perszonális kommunikációba való szabad belépés és a szabad verseny lehetősége. A netsemlegesség mellett és ellen felhozott érvek bemutatását is ezek a szempontok alapján tesszük. Kiemelt szerepet kap a netsemlegesség megsértésének kategorizálása is. Tanulmányunkban közlünk egy törvényalkotási kronológiát, mely az USA-ra, az EU-ra és Kelet-Ázsiára fókuszál, illetve ismertetjük a BEREC 2011-es felmérésének az EU-ban alkalmazott, internetszolgáltatói gyakorlatra vonatkozó eredményeit. A munkát az Internet.org kezdeményezést vizsgáló esettanulmány zárja, végül ezt követik a jövővel kapcsolatos kérdések, és néhány lehetséges válasz. --- Net neutrality - definitions and the standpoints of legislators, content providers, Internet service providers and users This article examines the topic of net neutrality. Firstly, it provides us with a theoretical insight and several definitions. Then it presents the issues and challenges legislators, ISP’s, content providers and users face. Several authors state that the biggest virtue and value of Internet lies in open access, diversity, richness of content, free competition, and low barrier entry for users in order to participate in personal social communication. Our presentation of arguments pro and cons net neutrality will be built on the basis of these considerations. Priority will be given to the introduction of several categories of net neutrality violations. In our paper we will present a legislative chronology in the topic focusing on USA, EU and Korea-Japan as well as the findings of the 2011 BEREC survey. Finally we examine the Internet.org project. In the conclusion, the article offers several more issues to be discussed and provides some possible answers.

scholarly journals Revenue-Maximizing Radio Access Technology Selection with Net Neutrality Compliance in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Elissar Khloussy ◽  
Yuming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Radio Access Technology ◽  
Radio Access

The net neutrality principle states that users should have equal access to all Internet content and that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) should not practice differentiated treatment on any of the Internet traffic. While net neutrality aims to restrain any kind of discrimination, it also grants exemption to a certain category of traffic known as specialized services (SS), by allowing the ISP to dedicate part of the resources for the latter. In this work, we consider a heterogeneous LTE/WiFi wireless network and we investigate revenue-maximizing Radio Access Technology (RAT) selection strategies that are net neutrality-compliant, with exemption granted to SS traffic. Our objective is to find out how the bandwidth reservation for SS traffic would be made in a way that allows maximizing the revenue while being in compliance with net neutrality and how the choice of the ratio of reserved bandwidth would affect the revenue. The results show that reserving bandwidth for SS traffic in one RAT (LTE) can achieve higher revenue. On the other hand, when the capacity is reserved across both LTE and WiFi, higher social benefit in terms of number of admitted users can be realized, as well as lower blocking probability for the Internet access traffic.

scholarly journals Reformulasi Sanksi Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Online

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Rahmat Fadli ◽  
Mohd. Din ◽  
Mujibussalim Mujibussalim
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Sense Of Justice

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perlindungan hukum terhadap korban pencemaran nama baik melalui media online dan menjelaskan pemenuhan restitusi yang seharusnya diterima korban pencemaran nama baik melalui media online. Pencemaran nama baik merupakan perbuatan melawan hukum, dikarenakan telah menyerang kehormatan atau nama baik seseorang. Rumusan tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik melalui media online diatur dalam Pasal 27 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Infomasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Sanksi pidananya diatur dalam Pasal 45 ayat (3) Undang-Undang ini. Dalam Undang-Undang ini belum diatur sanksi pidana yang berbentuk restitusi, sehingga kurang melindungi korban pencemaran nama baik melalui media online. Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa ancaman pidana pada Pasal 45 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Infomasi dan Transaksi Elektronik belum memenuhi rasa keadilan dan memberi manfaat kepada korban. Karena pada pasal ini belum mengatur sanksi pidana yang bersifat ganti rugi terhadap korban. Reformulation of  Criminal Sanctions on Defamation Through Online Media This study aims to examine the legal protection of victims of defamation through online media and explain the fulfillment of restitution that should be received by victims. Defamation is an act against the law, because it has attacked someone's honor or reputation. The formulation of criminal defamation through online media is regulated in Article 27 paragraph (3) of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law. The criminal sanctions are regulated in Article 45 paragraph (3). This law has not yet regulated criminal sanctions in the form of restitution, so it does not protect victims of defamation through online media. The research method is a normative juridical by using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results found that the criminal threat in Article 45 paragraph (3) of the Law on Information and Electronic Transaction had not fulfilled a sense of justice and benefited for victims. It is because this article does not yet regulate criminal sanctions that are compensation for the victim.

scholarly journals Perempuan dalam Prostitusi: Konstruksi Pelindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Indonesia dari Perspektif Yuridis dan Viktimologi (Women in prostitution: Construction of Legal Protection Towards Indonesian Women from a Juridical and Victimitarian Perspective)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-88
Author(s):  
Yaris Adhial Fajrin ◽  
Ach Faisol Triwijaya
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Reform

The practice of prostitution involving women as the main perpetrator creates a negative stigma that sees women as guilty persons. Even though there are also women who are involved in the practice of prostitution due tocoercion. This condition creates a bias towards the position of the victim in the practice of prostitution. This paper is to examine the involvement of women in the practice of prostitution while also recognizing the position of women that are involved in the practice of prostitution. This research uses the normative juridical research method. Women in the prostitution network can be identified as victims due to both internal and external pressure.Women are perpetrators if involved without any pressure from other parties. Women are victims if they act as service providers, suffered, because of force by power from others, besides the relative requirements of women as victims of prostitution when involved in the practice of prostitution because they have been victims of sexual violence and make prostitution as livelihoods. Thus, it is hoped that legislators will soon be able to formulate limits on victims in the context of legal reform and just law enforcement. AbstrakPraktik prostitusi yang melibatkan perempuan sebagai aktor utama menimbulkan stigma negatif yang memandang perempuan sebagai insan yang bersalah. Padahal adapula perempuan yang terlibat dalam praktik prostitusi diakibatkan keterpaksaaan. Kondisi ini menimbulkan bias terhadap kedudukan korban dalam praktik prostitusi. Tulisan ini untuk mengkaji keterlibatan perempuan dalam praktik prostitusi sekaligus mengetahui kedudukan perempuan yang terlibat dalam praktik prostitusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Perempuan dalam jaringan prostitusi dapat teridentifikasi sebagai korban akibat tekanan internal maupun eksternalnya. Perempuan sebagai pelaku apabila terlibat tanpa tekanan dari pihak di luar dirinya. Perempuan sebagai korban apabila bertindak sebagai pemberi jasa, menderita, karena dan daya paksa dari orang lain, selain itu syarat relatif perempuan sebagai korban dalam prostitusi manakala terlibat dalam praktik prostitusi karena pernah menjadi korban kekerasan seksual dan prostitusi sebagai mata pencaharian. Diharapkan pembentuk undang-undang segera mungkin untuk merumuskan mengenai batasan korban dalam rangka pembaharuan hukum dan penegakan hukum yang berkeadilan.

STRATEGIC INTERACTION OF PROVIDERS FOR DIFFERENTIATED INTERNET SERVICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Alexey Gaivoronski ◽  
◽  
Vasily Gorbachuk ◽  
Maxim Dunaievskiy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Global Network ◽  
High Price ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Services ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Internet Service Providers ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Internet Service

As computing and Internet connections become general-purpose technologies and services aimed at broad global markets, questions arise about the effectiveness of such markets in terms of public welfare, the participation of differentiated service providers and end-users. Motorola’s Iridium Global Communications project was completed in the 1990s due to similar issues, reaching the goal of technological connectivity for the first time. As Internet services are characterized by high innovation, differentiation and dynamism, they can use well-known models of differentiated products. However, the demand functions in such models are hyperbolic rather than linear. In addition, such models are stochastic and include providers with different ways of competing. In the Internet ecosystem, the links between Internet service providers (ISPs) as telecommunications operators and content service providers are important, especially high-bandwidth video content providers. As increasing bandwidth requires new investments in network capacity, both video content providers and ISPs need to be motivated to do so. In order to analyze the relationships between Internet service providers and content providers in the Internet ecosystem, computable models, based on the construction of payoff functions for all the participants in the ecosystem, are suggested. The introduction of paid content browsing will motivate Internet service providers to invest in increasing the capacity of the global network, which has a trend of exponential growth. At the same time, such a browsing will violate the principles of net neutrality, which provides grounds for the development of new tasks to minimize the violations of net neutrality and maximize the social welfare of the Internet ecosystem. The models point to the importance of the efficiency of Internet service providers, the predictability of demand and the high price elasticity of innovative services.

The Competition Between ISPs in Presence of the Net Neutrality

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Amrani ◽  
Hamid Garmani ◽  
Mohamed Baslam ◽  
Rachid El Ayachi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Neutral Network ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Content Provider ◽  
The Impact

<p>In this work, we present an economic model of computer networks that describes the in-teraction between Internet Service Providers (ISP ), customers and content provider. The competition between ISP s may be translated by the prices they require and the qualities of service (QoS) they offer. The customer demand for service from an ISP does not only de-pend on the price and quality of service (QoS) of the ISP , but it is influenced by all those offered by its competitors. This behavior has been extensively analyzed using game the-ory as a decision support tool. We interpret a non-neutral network when a content provider privileges ISP s by offering them more bandwidth to ensure proper QoS to support ap-plications that require more data transport capacity (voice over internet protocol (V OIP ) the live video streaming, online gaming). In addition, our work focuses on the price game analysis and QoS between ISP s in two cases: neutral network and non-neutral network. After showing the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium in terms of quality of service, we analyzed the impact of net neutrality on competition between ISP s. We also validated our theoretical study with numerical results, which show that the game has an equilibrium point which depends on all the parameters of the system.</p>

Internet Neutrality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Löblich
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
Internet Service Providers ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Internet Neutrality

Internet neutrality—usually net(work) neutrality—encompasses the idea that all data packets that circulate on the Internet should be treated equally, without discriminating between users, types of content, platforms, sites, applications, equipment, or modes of communication. The debate about this normative principle revolves around the Internet as a set of distribution channels and how and by whom these channels can be used to control communication. The controversy was spurred by advancements in technology, the increased usage of bandwidth-intensive services, and changing economic interests of Internet service providers. Internet service providers are not only important technical but also central economic actors in the management of the Internet’s architecture. They seek to increase revenue, to recover sizable infrastructure upgrades, and expand their business model. This has consequences for the net neutrality principle, for individual users and corporate content providers. In the case of Internet service providers becoming content providers themselves, net neutrality proponents fear that providers may exclude competitor content, distribute it poorly and more slowly, and require competitors to pay for using high-speed networks. Net neutrality is not only a debate on infrastructure business models that is carried out in economic expert circles. On the contrary, and despite its technical character, it has become an issue in the public debate and an issue that is framed not only in economic but also in political and social terms. The main dividing line in the debate is whether net neutrality regulation is necessary or not and what scope net neutrality obligations should have. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States passed new net neutrality rules in 2015 and strengthened its legal underpinning regarding the regulation of Internet service providers (ISPs). With the Telecoms Single Market Regulation, for the first time there will be a European Union–wide legislation for net neutrality, but not recent dilution of requirements. From a communication studies perspective, Internet neutrality is an issue because it relates to a number of topics addressed in communication research, including communication rights, diversity of media ownership, media distribution, user control, and consumer protection. The connection between legal and economic bodies of research, dominating net neutrality literature, and communication studies is largely underexplored. The study of net neutrality would benefit from such a linkage.

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