scholarly journals Changing objects of therapeutics – how neurasthenia a ected scienti c transfer between Germany and Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Yvonne Gavallér ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Condition ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Body Culture ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Swedish Medical ◽  
Societal Level

This paper discusses the transfer of knowledge between Germany and Sweden within the therapeutics of neurasthenia around 1900. The latter was a worldwide spread disease phenomenon and involved such a variance of symptoms that it is retrospectively considered a cultural condition that was strongly linked to medical fashions. As causes of transfer and change in therapeutics, cultural move- ments have been little explored in research so far. Based on the analysis of transfers and an evaluation of medical objects, the following text aims to show the entanglement between Germany and Sweden on both a sci- entific and societal level as well as their impact on the therapy of neur- asthenia. In the popularity of the Swedish medical treatment method of medicomechanics in Germany, this connection becomes particularly obvi- ous. The enhancements and imitations of the objects used in mechanical gymnastics represent a scientific transfer on the level of medicine, which took place in parallel with cultural trends, political changes and technological knowledge. The constant change which the objects of neurasthenia therapy were subject to, was marked by the paradoxical use of a technology-affine medicine to treat a technology-induced disease. With the rediscovery of naturopathic methods within the new body culture, however, the Zander apparatuses underwent an evolution. The Swedish objects have been adopted by users from merely medical technology into new contexts of action – for example, as tools for self-optimisation of the body.

scholarly journals Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix, vulva and vagina

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
E. V. Filonenko ◽  
O. I. Trushina ◽  
E. G. Novikova ◽  
N. V. Zarochentseva ◽  
O. V. Rovinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

In the present review the authors analyzed the effectiveness of treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia I-II-III of the cervix (CIN), vulva (VIN) and vagina (VaIN) using photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is a method based on exposure to light after preliminary introduction of a photosensitizer into the body with the formation of singlet oxygen, which has a cytotoxic effect. The results of research on the use of PDT with various photosensitizers in the complex of therapeutic measures in patients with CIN, VIN, VaIN are presented. These data on the effectiveness and safety of PDT, ease of use allow this medical technology to be attributed to one of the most promising areas in the treatment of pathological intraepithelial changes of the cervix, vulva and vagina. The presented information allows focusing the attention on the PDT method and informing doctors and researchers about the broad prospects for applying this treatment method in clinical practice.

Requiem for antimony

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Emsley
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potassium Tartrate ◽  
Metallic Taste ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Murder Weapon ◽  
Tartar Emetic

Antimony in a corpse persists indefinitely, and unless a body was cremated, which in former times it rarely was, a murderer using antimony could never be certain that he or she would not one day be brought to account. However, that was a small risk to set aside the potential benefits, which could be large. And there were other benefits in choosing antimony as the murder weapon, not least that it was itself widely used in medical treatment. Poisoners choosing antimony invariably selected tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate), and indeed its faint yellow crystals had two advantages. Firstly, they are very soluble in water and, while the solution has a faint metallic taste, this is easily masked by the presence of other flavours. Secondly, the compound was readily available, and all pharmacists stocked it and rarely queried its sale because it was widely used to treat sick animals. Moreover, tartar emetic was cheap; an ounce cost only 2d. in 1897 (around 50p or $1 today). Pharmacists ordered it by the pound, which gives some indication of the demand for it. In small doses of about 5 mg, antimony potassium tartrate acts as a diaphoretic, in other words it promotes sweating and will thereby lower the body’s temperature. In larger doses of around 50 mg it acts as an emetic. Vomiting begins within 15 minutes and most of the stomach contents are expelled. Thus the poison acts as its own antidote to a certain extent: witness the man who recovered from a dose of around 25 grams (25 000 mg), corresponding to two teaspoonfuls of the crystals, which were taken in mistake for sodium bicarbonate. On the other hand, some have died after swallowing as little as 120 mg, although such sensitivity to the poison is extremely rare and it would normally require a dose of twice this amount to cause death, assuming it was retained by the body long enough for it to be absorbed. Some individuals are particularly sensitive to antimony, as the ‘Balham Mystery’ will show, and this sensitivity may well explain the puzzling death of Mozart.

Treating the Body Politic: The Medical Metaphor of Political Rule in Late Medieval Europe and Tokugawa Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Shogimen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Perspective Drawing ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
George Lakoff ◽  
Medical Metaphors

AbstractThe essay examines medical metaphors in the discourse on government from a cross-cultural perspective. Drawing on George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's theory of metaphor, a comparison of medical metaphors in the political writings in late medieval Europe (c. 1250–c. 1450) and Tokugawa Japan (1602–1867) demonstrates that the European notion of medical treatment as the eradication of the causes of diseases magnified the coercive and punitive aspects of government, while the Japanese notion of medical treatment as the art of daily healthcare served to accentuate the government's role of preventing conflicts and maintaining stability. These differing images of medical treatment metaphorically structured contrasting conceptions of government in the two historical worlds.

scholarly journals Unpalatable Truths: Food and Drink as Medicine in Colonial British India

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
British India ◽  
Lay Knowledge ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Food And Drink

Abstract This article considers the significance of eating and drinking within a series of diaries and journals produced in British colonial India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The discussion of food and drink in this context was not simply a means to add color or compelling detail to these accounts, but was instead a vital ingredient of the authors’ understanding of health and medical treatment. These texts suggest a broader colonial medical understanding of the importance of regulating diet to maintain physical health. Concern with food, and the lack thereof, was understandably a key element in diaries, and in the eyewitness accounts kept by British soldiers, doctors, and civilians during the rebellion. At a narrative level, mention of food also functioned as a trope serving to increase dramatic tension and to capture an imagery of fortitude. In references to drink, by contrast, these sources reveal a conflict between professional and lay opinions regarding the use of alcohol as part of medical treatment. The accounts show the persistent use of alcohol both for medicinal and restorative purposes, despite growing social and medical anxieties over its ill-effects on the body. Close examination of these references to food and drink reflect the quotidian habits, social composition, and the extent of professional and lay knowledge of health and medicine in colonial British India.

scholarly journals Cochlear Ossification in a Patient with Cogan’s Syndrome Undergoing Bilateral Cochlear Implantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Adam M. Cassis
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Young Female ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cogan’S Syndrome ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Cogan's Syndrome ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Cochlear Ossification

We present the case of a young female patient diagnosed with Cogan’s syndrome after the rapid onset of profond hearing and vestibular loss with concomitant eye symptoms. After appropriate medical treatment, her hearing did not respond and she underwent bilateral simultaneous cochlear implantation with findings of extensive cochlear ossification in both ears. The case and outcome are described in the body of the paper.

scholarly journals Effects of Medical Drugs According to Sweating Localization in Primary Hyperhidrosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Bayrakçi Onur
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Primary Hyperhidrosis ◽  
Palmar Sweating

Background: Primary hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating localized to different parts of the body, mostly on the hands. It is exact cause  unknown, negatively affects the psychosocial structure of the person and a clinically important health problem. Aims: In the study, it was aimed to examine the effects of drugs used on primary hyperhidrosis. Study Design: The drugs used by the patients who applied to the thoracic surgery clinic with the complaint of sweating and their effects were analyzed retrospectively. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Thoracic Surgery Clinic between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2021 (outcomes of seven years). Methodology: A total of 120 patients(45 female, 75 male and age range 8-67) with sweating complaints were identified. Age, gender, sweating localization and drugs used were examined. Statistically, data were analyzed with 95% confidence interval(CI) and Chi Square test. Results: A total of 120 patients were analyzed. 37.5% were female and 62.5% male.The mean age was 27.1±1.54 years.Patients were use 23.4% Aluminum hydrochloride cream),20.8% Bornaprine hydrochloride, 20% Hyoscine-N-butylbromide.According to sweating localizations;42.6% palmar only, 18.7% palmar and axilla, 18.7% palmar and craniofacial, 7.8% palmar and plantar, 5.9% diffuse, 4.5% cranial, 1.8% palmar and abdomen.It is more often between ages of 21-30 and in male.According to the complaints of patients with a history of using medical treatment; there were 34.5% partial response and 20.2% complete response, and no response to medical treatment in 45.3%. Conclusion: In the study; according to the localization of sweating;Aluminum hydrochloride cream reduces sweating on the palmar, and Hyoscine-N-butylbromide reduces axillary and palmar sweating. Bornaprine hydrochloride reduces sweating on all localizations except craniofacial and abdomen, and is related with a complete response on palmar sweating.According to sweating localizations; although there are localizations where all three drugs used are effective, it has been concluded that these drugs used in primary hyperhidrosis do not respond fully at a high rate.

scholarly journals Kropskultur i Grønland - set med danske øjne

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig Skovmose Vinther
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Culture ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Relationship

Artiklen belyser det koloniale og postkoloniale forhold mellem Grønland og Danmark og tegner et billede af danskerne syn på grønlandsk kropskultur gennem tiden.  Solveig S. Vinther: Body Culture in Greenland – seen from Denmark Since the formal end of colonialism, great emphasis has been put on research in postcolonialism and postcolonial issues. The basic idea in this kind of research is that colonisation is not only a matter of war, violence, and power relations; we also need to consider changes at a more unspoken and unheeded level. In Denmark however, the term Empire has never really been part of the Danish self-image, and only a small amount of postcolonial research have been conducted that focus specifically on the relationship between Denmark and its former colonies. This article will look at the ways in which the Danish colonisers have described the body culture of the Greenlanders through time. The postcolonial aspect of the project will centre on the ways in which the relations between the colonisers and the colonised can be read in the literature of the colonisers. The term Polarism will be introduced to develop an understanding of the Danish discourses describing the body culture of Greenland. The article will hopefully begin to answer some of the unanswered – and unasked – questions concerning the relationship between Denmark and Greenland through an analysis of games, sports and body culture and their representation in the colonial and postcolonial descriptions of Greenland.

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