scholarly journals Bērnu tiesības uz materiālo nodrošinājumu: tiesiskais regulējums un piedziņas problemātika

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Sanita Vanaga
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

Neapšaubāmi, viens no svarīgākajiem jautājumiem ir bērnu tiesību aizsardzība. Sanita Vanaga savā rakstā analizē problemātiku, kas saistīta ar materiālā nodrošinājuma tiesisko regulējumu un uzturlīdzekļu piedziņu. Bērnu tiesības uz materiālo nodrošinājumu ir būtiska un neatņemama cilvēktiesību sastāvdaļa, kas nostiprināta gan nacionālajos, gan arī starptautiskajos tiesību aktos. S. Vanaga analizē bērnu materiālo vajadzību nodrošināšanai nepieciešamo uzturlīdzekļu būtību un apjomu atkarībā no bērna juridiskā statusa. Publikācijā ir atspoguļota arī valsts un pašvaldību izveidotā atbalsta koncepcija, nodrošinot bērniem uzturlīdzekļus materiālo vajadzību risināšanai, kā arī problemātika, kas saistīta ar uzturlīdzekļu pierādīšanu un to piedziņu tiesvedības procesā. Undoubtedly, one of the most important questions is the protection of children’s rights. Sanita Vanaga in her article analyses the problem relating to legal framework for material security and recovery of maintenance. Children’s rights to recovery of maintenance is an essential and integral part strengthened in national and international regulations. S. Vanaga analyses the nature and extent of maintenance necessary for the material needs of children dependant on their legal status. The publication also covers the concept of state and local government support providing child support for material needs, as well as problems connected with evidence of maintenance and recovery in proceedings.

scholarly journals Pozycja prawna wojewody w procesie przemian II Rzeczypospolitej

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-53
Author(s):  
Krystyna Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

The article considers the legal status of the voivode during the interwar period, the time of the difficult restoration of the Polish identity and the creation of the Polish state in the post-Partition lands with three separate systems of territorial division and local administration. The legal situation of the office of the voivode is closely related to the establishment of the systemic foundations of the highest Polish authorities (legislative and executive) and local administration (initially, on the territory of the former Kingdom of Poland and then on the gradually annexed former Polish territories). The author refers to both spheres of legal activity of the Polish state at that time. She discusses the primary political acts, i.e. the March Constitution (1921), the April Constitution (1935) and the Constitutional Act (1926), as well as regulations concerning county administrative authorities of the first instance, situated in the then two-tier (ministries – county offices) administrative apparatus. Attention is primarily focused on the acts directly concerning the position of the voivode, i.e. the Act of 2 August 1919, the Regulation of the President of the Republic of 19 January 1928, and executive acts issued on the basis of these, and against whose background the importance of the legal institution of the voivode is presented: during the time of attempts to unify the administrative system (1918–1928), and in the period of changes leading to a uniform organisational structure of voivodship administrative authorities (1928–1939). The analysis makes it possible to state that successive legal conditions strengthened the political position of the voivode. In both periods covered by the analysis, the voivode was a representative of the government (with broader competences in 1928–1939), the executor of orders from individual ministers, the head of state and local government authorities and offices (1918–1928), the head of general administrative bodies subordinate to him, and the supervisory body over local government (1928–1939). The position of the voivode in the interwar period was unquestionably very strong.

scholarly journals How Does State and Local Government Support Affect Entrepreneurs’ Gender, Age and Race?

JWEE ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
HALIL DINCER KAYA
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
State Government ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Hispanic Entrepreneurs ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The U.S

In this study, we test whether state and local government support attract female entrepreneurs. We also test to see whether government support attracts younger entrepreneurs and minorities. First, we differentiate between the U.S. states where state government support is high and the U.S. states where state government support is low. Then, we compare small business owners’ gender, age, and race across high- and low-state government support states. We find that there is no significant difference in owners’ gender across high- and low-state government support states. However, our results show that, in the states where state government support is high, there are more young entrepreneurs (age25-34) and fewer middle-aged entrepreneurs (age45-54) when compared to the other states. Our results also show that, in these states, there are fewer Asian or Hispanic entrepreneurs when compared to the other states. When we differentiate between the states where local government support is high and the states where local government support is low, we find that there is no significant difference in owners’ gender or age across high- and low-local government support states. However, our results show that, in the states where the local government support is high, there are more white entrepreneurs and fewer Asian or Hispanic entrepreneurs.

INITIATIVE BUDGETING AS AN INSTRUMENT OF TERRITORIAL SELF-GOVERNMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
V. V. Vagin ◽  
N. A. Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Government Initiative ◽  
Local Levels

The article is devoted to the actual issue – institutional analysis of initiative budgeting and territorial public selfgovernment, as well as the possibility of their integration. Over the past few years, a system of civil participation in budget decisions has been built in Russia, the regulatory framework of practices has been created, thousands of employees of state and local government bodies have been trained, project centers have appeared for ensuring development of initiative budgeting. Citizen participation in budget decisions can significantly accelerate the development of the lower level of local government. Initiative budgeting is an innovative instrument of public finance and at the same time a social technology allowing for the real involvement of citizens in the issues of state and municipal governance. Initiative budgeting development programs make it possible to transfer financing of projects aimed at solving local issues with the participation of citizens onto a systemic basis. The results and materials of this study can serve a foundation for theoretical understanding of the institutional development of public finances at the regional and local levels. At the same time, this practical area that was intensively developing in recent years requires deep institutional analysis.

A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Accounting Standards for State and Local Government Pensions and Other Postemployment Benefits in The United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77
Author(s):  
Dale L. Flesher ◽  
Craig Foltin ◽  
Gary John Previts ◽  
Mary S. Stone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Defined Contribution Plans ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

ABSTRACT Both the business media and the popular press have emphasized the underfunding problems associated with pension funds that are set aside for state and local government workers, a group that also includes teachers and professors at state-affiliated colleges and universities. The realization that pension funds are typically underfunded stems from the fact that the accounting standards associated with state and local government employee pension funds have led to greater transparency since 2011. This paper examines, explains, and interprets the historical development over the last 70 years of accounting standards for state and local government pension funds in the United States. Changing accounting standards, along with economic and social change, have led to consequences such as employers transforming their pension programs to avoid substantial costs and significant liabilities, for example by changing from defined benefit to defined contribution plans.

Combating Problems in Teaching State and Local Government

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Mary H. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Community Colleges ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
The State ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Science Instructors

Because many political science instructors come from another region or state; they feel insufficiently informed in teaching about the state and local government wherein they presently reside. Consequently, instructors generalize about these governments. Yet in many public universities and community colleges, students find the politics in their area pertinent and care less for comparative analysis. In truth, the students probably have a valid point, since the majority will reside in the state where they are attending college.

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