scholarly journals Truth and the Quest for Definition

Phronimon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O Aleke
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Truth Predicate ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
Semantic Conception ◽  
The Common ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Intentional Acts ◽  
Logical Semantic

The controversies in contemporary truth discourses can be traced directly or indirectly to the Fregean choice of “thought” as the truth bearer, Ramsey’s redundancy thesis, Tarskian semantic conception, and Davidson’s defence of the indefinability of truth. The common feature of these four positions is an inadequate treatment of the “what is” question. Because of the neglect of this kind of question, the consequence is that truth has been reduced to a thin concept (that is a reduction of truth to logical, semantic or linguistic analysis of the truth predicate, or analysis of intentional signs at the expense of intentional acts) and subsequent quest for the deflation of truth. I argue that such an approach to the philosophical investigation of truth is at best inadequate and at worst bound to fail. Hence, I propose that an adequate exploration of truth must first address the “what is” question, rather than just assuming it. Further, I argue that to realise this, it is vital to take into consideration the wider context in which the truth question arises, that is, the human quest for knowledge and self-transcendence; and it is the conception of truth as critical correspondence that is capable of sufficiently answering the question.

scholarly journals The Subject and the Quest for Truth: Heidegger and Lonergan on Truth

Phronimon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Owo Aleke
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Truth Predicate ◽  
Bernard Lonergan ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
Philosophical Investigations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Concept Of Truth ◽  
Logical Semantic

Since the “elimination of the subject” from truth discourse by Frege, by identifying the subject—or rather the subjective—with the private and personal, philosophical investigations of truth have consciously or unconsciously truncated the role of the knowing subject in the quest for truth. The neglect of the subject has turned the exploration of truth into logical, semantic, conceptual or linguistic analysis of the truth predicate. The consequence of this is that some philosophers tend to treat truth as if it does not really matter; as is shown by their deflationary attitude towards truth or even the total denial of truth. Despite the prevalent elimination of the subject from truth discourses, two thinkers that acknowledge the importance of the subject in the exposition of the concept of truth are Martin Heidegger and Bernard Lonergan. In this paper I explore their positions and argue that Heidegger’s situating of the centrality of Dasein in relation to truth in disclosedness—as the basic state of Dasein’s ontological constitution—is inadequate. Following Lonergan, I argue that an adequate account of the centrality of the role of the subject can only be situated in the cognitional acts of the subject within the context of the human quest for knowledge, and that the pivotal cognitional act is the act of judgment.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Vague Language in the News Articles on the Iraqi Security Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda H. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Vague Language

There is a well-known belief among linguists and discourse analysts saying that vague language is one of the common features of political language. In order for the linguists to include vague language within the domain of linguistic analysis, they started formulating vagueness within the principles of the pragmalinguistic theory.  However, the pragmatic perspective had not been paid much attention yet. With the accelerated events in the Middle East, the best way to get information is to appreciate some news items because they are objective facts that are accessible and easy to comprehend for everybody (Pan, 2012, p. 2530). Iraq has witnessed many periods of serious escalation among which is the one started in April 2014 in which, the ISIS influence started expanding suddenly and rapidly causing infrastructure damage and causalities. The present paper aims at investigating vague expressions in news articles on the security situation in Iraq in the period mentioned above by means of Grice’s cooperative principle to find out the purposes vague language serves and its effects on these news articles.

Religion as experience: Dialogue with John Dewey

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-683
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Lamine
Keyword(s):  
John Dewey ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The World ◽  
Valuation Process ◽  
The Common ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Art As Experience

This article discusses John Dewey’s (1859–1952): Theory of valuation (1939), Art as experience (1934), A common faith (1934), The public and its problems (1927) for the socio-anthropological analysis of the religious. This pragmatist approach, attentive to intersubjectivity and experience, allows to work on aspirations and ideals, through giving place to emotions besides rationality in the valuation process. Further, the idea of public and pre-political, permits to pay attention to processes which are different from differentiation and where people contribute to the common good from their specific (minority) situation. In a pragmatist approach, believing comes in three modalities as ‘caring about,’ in the sense of giving value to forms of experiences and self-construction, respectively, to forms of self-transcendence, and to ways of connecting with the world (others and nature).

scholarly journals Fictional entities as artifacts: some problems for Amie Thomasson’s theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Andrej Jandric
Keyword(s):  
Abstract Objects ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
Singular Terms ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Fictional Entities ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hybrid Account ◽  
Literary Practices ◽  
Intentional Acts ◽  
Amie Thomasson

Amie Thomasson has developed a theory of fictional entities, according to which they exist as contingent abstract objects. In her view, fictional characters are cultural artifacts just as the works of fiction they feature in. They are doubly dependent objects: for their becoming they depend on creative intentional acts of their author, and for maintaining their existence they depend on preservation of a copy of any fictional work they appear in. Thomasson claims that her theory has the advantage of vindicating the common beliefs about fictional entities embodied in the study, evaluation and interpretation of literature. However, I argue that, under this theory of fictional entities, no account of reference of fictional singular terms ? neither the descriptive, nor the causal, nor Thomasson?s preferred hybrid account ? can accommodate all the aspects of our literary practices.

scholarly journals The Sign, Linguistic Analysis, Idioethnic Interpretation of Communication and Linguistic Persona

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Mikhailovna Buzinova ◽  
Arkadiy Petrovich Sedykh ◽  
Natalya Sergeevna Tsvetova ◽  
Natalia Vladimirovna Bakirova ◽  
Boris Nikiforovich Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Linguistic Sign ◽  
Cognitive Motivations ◽  
Logical Semantic

The purpose of the article is to review the theoretical aspects of ethnocultural interpretation of communicative behavior as a part of the national linguistic identity. Logical-semantic and logical-communicative components of an utterance are reviewed regarding the identification of ethnocultural components of an utterance.Such categories as sentence, modus, and dictum are regarded as phenomena that are characterized by their ethnocultural parameters. A sentence-utterance performs a semiotic function that unites denotative and significative meanings. The significative meaning of a linguistic sign is understood as the internal form of a new meaning. The internal form as a vector of asymmetrical features induces national means of actualization of a sentence, modus, and dictum.The authors propose to identify and study the specific features of idioethnic correlations among a sentence, modus, and a dictum within cognitive motivations in order to achieve the communicative purpose of a speech act. It is stated that the unique character of an utterance does not exclude idiolect means of its realizations within the framework of using preferable forms of modality and narrative formats in national languages.The prospects of studying the basics of the linguistic analysis and the idio-ethnic interpretation of sign structures are viewed within the framework of the comprehensive analysis of discourse and communication based on the interdisciplinary approach. It seems to be possible to single out additional parameters of the sign and communication of any type by using this method. The basic elements of the communicative structure of a speech act are reviewed.  

Animal welfare science, varieties of value and philosophical methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397
Author(s):  
DW Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Animal Welfare Science ◽  
The Common

There are competing conceptions of animal welfare in the scientific literature. Debate among proponents of these various conceptions continues. This paper examines methodologies for use in attempting to justify a conception of animal welfare. It is argued that philosophical methodology relying on conceptual analysis has a central role to play in this debate. To begin, the traditional division between facts and values is refined by distinguishing different types of values, or norms. Once this distinction is made, it is argued that the common recognition that any conception of animal welfare is inherently normative is correct, but that it is not ethical normativity that is at issue. The sort of philosophical methodology appropriate to use in investigating the competing normative conceptions of animal welfare is explained. Finally, the threads of the paper are brought together to consider the appropriate role of recent empirical work into folk conceptions of animal welfare in determining the proper conception of animal welfare. It is argued that empirical results about folk conceptions are useful inputs into conceptual philosophical investigation into the competing conceptions of animal welfare. Further mutual inquiry by philosophers and animal welfare scientists is needed to advance our knowledge of what animal welfare is.

Persian Historical Documents of Georgia (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries): Aspects of Linguistic Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Helen Giunashvili ◽  
Tamar Abuladze
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Rich

Abstract Iranian-Georgian interrelation in the 16th to 18th centuries is reflected in the rich collections of Persian historical documents preserved in Georgian depositories. Their language, lexis, semantics, style, and phraseology clearly reveal the literary language’s development in the common cultural area. This article examines a document issued by Shah ʿAbbās II in 1658 concerning a toyul for Papuna Tsitsishvili, a representative of the famous Kartli princely house.

A syntactic classification of the synchronic use of gěi in Beijing Mandarin

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-199
Author(s):  
Robert Martin Sanders ◽  
Satoshi Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Beijing Mandarin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relative Productivity

This study fills a gap in the literature on the polyfunctional nature of the Chinese ditransitive verb gěi ‘to give’, which has undergone semantic and functional extensions. Our approach differs from previous studies by focusing on a narrowly defined location in time and space, i.e. contemporary Beijing oral language, and by basing our linguistic analysis on data obtained through the systematic sampling of a corpus of spontaneous casual discourse. Based on the existing literature we produce a taxonomy of five extended functions and structures 1) causative verb, 2) passive marker, 3) benefactive/malefactive/dative marker, 4) disposal marker and 5) ditransitive suffix. Of these, the first four share the common linear structure [NP1 gěi NP2 V]. Applying this taxonomy to our data we identified the relative productivity of each of these functions and created a synchronic constructional network of gěi, revealing its complex network of connections.

scholarly journals Od lingua nativa do lingua fracta: kulturowe wymiary dyskursu w analizie lingwistycznej

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Magdalena Steciąg
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Common Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Everyday Experiences

The article contains a suggestion to frame a shift towards the cultural dimension of discourse in its linguistic analysis through the notion of lingua nativa – lingua materna – lingua fracta. In this approach, the gradual dispersion of the idea of language as a natural phenomenon is emphasized in three aspects: the common language referring to the “world of things” and everyday experiences; the first/native language, which “runs in the blood”; and the spoken language in non-mediated interpersonal communication.

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