scholarly journals Od lingua nativa do lingua fracta: kulturowe wymiary dyskursu w analizie lingwistycznej

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Magdalena Steciąg

The article contains a suggestion to frame a shift towards the cultural dimension of discourse in its linguistic analysis through the notion of lingua nativa – lingua materna – lingua fracta. In this approach, the gradual dispersion of the idea of language as a natural phenomenon is emphasized in three aspects: the common language referring to the “world of things” and everyday experiences; the first/native language, which “runs in the blood”; and the spoken language in non-mediated interpersonal communication.

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
L. Monica Lilly

 In The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho projects Santiago communicating with Nature which he refers to as the common language of the world. A study of The Alchemist will reveal how Santiago, an Andalusian shepherd boy who yearns to travel in search of a bounty treasure explores the wisdom of life. His quest for the treasure buried near the Pyramids propels him to enter an unchartered territory from his homeland in Spain to the Egyptian desert. This paper aims to explore the ecological reflections mired with concepts of slants in philosophy. Ecology on one hand is considered as a branch of science but, despite providing erudition on the subject it is understood that it provides sagacity to understand the universe better. This paper rightly discusses the amalgamation of nature and literature. It is indeed a manifestation of the recurrently believed ideologies that connect human psyche and platitudes of the cosmos. The logos that interrelates the existing connection between the non human and the human species require an exceptional mastery. This paper will analyze and depict the emotions connected with nature from the spectacle of the Protagonist Santiago in The Alchemist.


1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 263-286
Author(s):  
Hernán Urrutia

Summary Andrés Bello (1781–1865) is the most important Spanish grammarian of the 19th century. In his work, he attempts to apply a scientific objectivity, free from any dogmatism, to the study of language and social reality with a view to improving man and his community: Social progress, and not simply individual progress, is one of the driving ideas of his work. In linguistics, the source of his inspiration was general grammar, both synchronic and pedagogical. His work reaches its crowning in his Grammar of the Castillian Language for the use of Spanish-Americans of 1847. In his conception, it is the goal of norms and of the respect of usage that they determine to continually remind the community of speakers of a particular behaviour in order to avoid the bad consequences of a cultural and linguistic disruption. It is in the light of earlier considerations that Andrés Bello brings to bear all his concern for the preservation of the Spanish cultural heritage, in particular the common language as an instrument of communication and integration, and as the repository capitalizing on the cultural language. In this way, he appears to us, apart from his eminent position of renewer of the study of Spanish grammar, as the initiator of the immense task which consists of the development of a socio-cultural and linguistic variant within the Spanish unity. He thus contributed, in a decisive manner, to the formation of an Spanish-American man who is conscious of his tradition and his historical place in the world.


2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Fesich

International thinking – a nice expression, widely used by political and economical leaders and easily found on all major newspapers nowadays. But has it been always like that? Globalisation is considered to be a rather new development in history. On the contrary, the term eurocentrism is not spread so widely in the common language (not taking into consideration the so-called scientific community). However, eurocentrism has been an important phenomenon during the development of Europe in the world. Eurocentrism, as a variant of ethnocentrism, describes the way of emphasising European values and culture (often also described as the Western culture, contrasting with the Islamic culture – which actually compares a geographical character with a religious one and therefore, a priori, leads to confusion and unfair comparisons!) i compared to other cultures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-238
Author(s):  
T. G. Putilina

Life / death contrasting is fundamental to the reconstruction of national paintings of the world. In each culture, the experiences associated with opposition life / death are expressed in specific traditions and rites and, accordingly, are enshrined in the language in a certain way. The author’s language picture of the world is based on the common language picture of the world, which is formed as a result of the generalization of knowledge received by native speakers. In literary works, it is often the opposition to life / death that contains semantic features that reflect the author’s linguistic picture of the world. Of particular interest to the study are the memories of famous writers, in which they presenttheir impressions of iconic historical events and creative personalities. It is in such texts that the author’s features of the language are clearly manifested, characteristic language means for expressing a certain attitude towards people and their position in the current situation. The material of our study is the collection “Damned Days” by writer Ivan Bunin. The scientific novelty of the work is that the work of I. Bunin is considered in a new aspect, from the point of view of analyzing the meanings of words and expressions used in the text to contrast two worlds, the world of old Russia and the world of Bolshevik Russia, and the language means used by the writer. The work concludes that I. Bunin uses techniques to negatively characterize people, with the help of which the semantics of characters from the “world of death” are actualized. By using zoomorphisms, describing a person with the inclusion of inanimate objects, listing diseases, comparing with the corpse and words with a negative connotative color, the author shows that the described characters do not belong to real living people. Thus, the author verbally “displaces” people hated by him from the world of the living and paints a special, inverted “antiworld” – “world of the dead.” This world is also defined by the author of the work as “horror,” “terrible” with the use of corresponding lexes. In the author’s picture of the world, Bolshevik Russia is a “dead” world, opposed to the “living” world of old Russia. The author uses language tools such as metaphors, comparisons, occasionalisms. Vocabulary has a negative connotation, sometimes bright to such an extent that it is invective. The world of old Russia is opposed to this world. Its representatives are called the opposite in meaning: these are beautiful, healthy, believing people.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-603
Author(s):  
Malik Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Nawaz ◽  
Shehla Jabeen ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad

English has been considered as one of the most useful spoken language and is referred as Lingua Franca all around the globe. English is the major source for communicating all over the world. In different cultures mostly people speak their native language but use English as an alternate. This paper explains the lexical borrowing that means the explanation about some words from Urdu that has turned out to be part of the English language in newspapers of Pakistan. In this regard, the most circulated and popular English Newspapers of Pakistan, The Nation and The News were selected to analyze the words from Urdu being normally used in the English language. One year period from 1st January to 31st December 2019 has been selected for this research. The researchers draw from the categories of hard and soft news, formed by Tuchman in 1973, in the selected newspapers. The basic theme of this study is that finding the Urdu words that have become part of English language in Pakistani circumstances. This is a study of Urdu borrow words that got their way in English in daily communication and  concludes that there are a variety of Urdu terms that have been used in the English language for communication in English newspapers of Pakistan.


Author(s):  
Peter H. Egger ◽  
Andrea Lassmann

This chapter assesses the role of a larger degree of common language use between the populations of two countries on the so-called extensive product margin of trade. We focus on the overlap of products exported or imported between any pair of countries. The results suggest that the effect of varying aspects of sharing a common language on the variety overlap is both positive and important. The effect of sharing a common spoken language exceeds the one of common native language, implying that a larger overlap in language proficiency is quantitatively more important than a higher cultural proximity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Sylwia Mikołajczak

Portuguese is a native language of only a handful of people in Mozambique. However, it successfully plays the role of a common language of communication in the field of politics and economics. At the same time, it is a determinant of social status and, in the world of literature, it gives one the opportunity to break through to the readers around the Globe. Portuguese in Mozambique presents many differences from the European standard, and the specific characteristics of this variant can be found in the texts of Mia Couto. The purpose of this article is to present the differences between the variant of Mozambique and the European model of Portuguese, mainly in the field of morphosyntax, observed in the texts of Mia Couto. The marked differences can be seen, among others, in the use of prepositions, order of pronominal elements, in the structure of periphrastic and passive constructions, and the selection of verbal arguments. The features are highly repetitive, but at the same time, they occur quite irregularly, together with the structures accepted by the standard. It is, therefore, difficult to speak of a systematic language variant, but surely it is on its way to be established.


Author(s):  
A. Naresh Kumar ◽  
Dr. C. Deepa

English is respectfully addressed as the Global Language. It is also the Link Language of the world. It is even the Richest Language among all world languages. But, it is just 1500 years old. In spite of its late coming, it has spread to every nook and corner. English is not a native language of India. Even then, it is one of the Official Languages of the country. The British had the honour of bringing their Language. In 1830’s English had been declared as the Medium of Instruction in all the Centres of Learning within the country. With the establishment of Universities in 1857, English had gained its national importance and popularity. The journey of English had been like a cake walk. The age of English is almost the age of Islam. Both had their splendid origin in the later part of the 6th Century. One has conquered the world and the other has carved a golden niche in the hearts of Millions and Millions The English Missionaries started to arrive in India in 1810s. They planted the seeds of English on the soil of India. It was Lord Macaulay who transformed English into a Language of India. He made English compulsory in Schools and Universities. The impact was so powerful that almost all the Colleges and Universities had switched over to English Medium. And to-day, its impact has mesmerized the Language into the heart and soul of most of the Official Correspondence in the Country. Its influence is so magnetic in India that it has become the official Language of States like Meghalaya and Nagaland and so on. Every language has its own pride of place. All languages are to be loved and respected. It is because language is the basis to strengthen the fraternal ties. This is why Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had rightly said, `If you want to pen a lynic, do it in Urdu, If you want to deliver a speech, do it in Tamil, If you want to draft a love-letter, do it in Telugu, If two of you want to converse, do it in Kannada, If you want to conquer the world, do it with English,’ And therefore, every language has its own beauty and importance. Let us love all Languages. Let us learn as many Languages as possible. Let us get together by our Languages. Let all Languages be bridges of connectivity and not walls of separation. More so, it is with English. Let us learn more English and more of English. English is the link language of the world. It is a bridge that connects Countries and Continents. English has so many beauties of its own. They all have transformed it into the Global Language. Its vocabulary is rich. Its grammar is simple. It style is superb. It fits into any language. It wins respect to the Speaker. It gets him popularity. It is the window on the world. Its doors are always kept open. It is secular in spirit. It doesn’t segregate but only unites. It is not like a closed parachute. It is like an open umbrella. Standard books in all subjects are mainly in English. Every country has its own language. But with the native language, no country can establish friendly ties with other countries. This is one reason why the Heads of Nations depend on the Translators. And most of this Official Transaction is carried through English. But exceptions are there like China or Japan. And therefore, Governments of even small islands have switched over to English. This helps them to strengthen their links with advanced countries like America, England, Australia and New Zealand. But, in spite of its popularity, English is not the largest spoken language in the world. It is the Third widely spoken language. Even then, it has its supremacy over all other languages. This supremacy has made English the Global Language. Many of the Indian Languages are older than English. But, they have not crossed the frontiers of their own States. It is because we are not so patriotic as far as our Languages are concerned. We love the Country. We love our State. We love all People. We love our Language. But, we don’t try to make it more popular. But the British are a different set. Otherwise, Shakespeare would not have become the World’s most celebrated Writer. The natives of England conquered several other countries. They named them as Common Wealth Countries. They made English the like language of these countries. This was how English had become a language of the world. In course of time, it had attained the status of a Global Language. And as the Global Language, its role is amazing. It is dominating in all important segments like Science, Technology, Medicine, Politics, Humanities, Music and so on. English has paved way for the coming up of Global Markets. And thus, it has increased the wealth of the Nations. Negotiations for establishment of peace across the Globe are transacted chiefly in English. And thus, English promotes peace and non-violence, all over the world. It is the Medium of all Higher Studies. It is enriching the world with students and scholars of exceptional merit. They all work for human progress and human advancement in all major spheres that are essential for life. English widens one’s knowledge by exposing him to the realms of more learning to gain more knowledge. Even an LKG student gets thrilled with his First Rhyme in English. So are his parents and teachers. Most of the Nobel Laureates deliver their Nobel Lecture only in English. Only then, the world comes to know of their amazing Inventions or Discoveries. And thus, the role of English as Global Language is like a multipetalled sunflower.


ATLAS JOURNAL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (44) ◽  
pp. 2159-2177
Author(s):  
Atilla ERTUĞ

The Arabic language has been one of the oldest and richest languages in the world for centuries. Arabs have long been recognized in history for their virtues in disciplines such as language, literature, and poetry. Following Islam, the Arabic language has become the common language of Muslims, and individuals with many languages and from various cultures congregated under its roof. These individuals, who were blessed with Islam, placed a high value on the Arabic language and literature to better comprehend the Qur'an and the Prophet (pbuh)'s hadiths. The science of rhetoric including the subdisciplines of maani, bayan, and badi addresses the methods and principles of correctly and appropriately speaking. The science of badi teaching us that the word should be reasonable in terms of phrasing and meaning, appropriate for the place and time it is in, and how to make the word more beautiful is divided into two parts: literary and spiritual arts. The article demonstrates the cases from the Fussilet-al-Hadid surahs and evaluates the literary arts in the Arabic language and literature. The aim of the study is to contribute to the literary comprehension of the Holy Qur'an containing various cases of eloquence and fesahat (fluency).


Author(s):  
Alessandro Costantini

From the end of the 19th century, the French colonisation of Maghreb saw the birth of a cultural production deeply rooted in its historical-geographical context, characterised by a style and sometimes by contents that are essentially comic. These texts, which are often literary in nature, mostly illustrate the colonial world. They are written in Pataouète, the common language, the Patois of the Algerian French or, at least, they bear some resemblance to it. The remaining texts, which are the particular subject of this article, instead, consist of so-called ‘Sabir literature’, taking the form of texts describing the colonial Other, which is mainly Arabic. This ‘Sabir literature’ gives voice to the colonial Other in an idiom that is very different from French but that derives from it, also in its local form, although in what is, in essence, imprecise, sounding like caricature – the Sabir, being a French badly understood and badly spoken language by less-educated Arabic-speakers in their relationships with the French-speakers. This paper aims to give an account, as complete as possible, of these texts and of their essential features, while providing a general overview of the so-called literature in Sabir, which is a typical part of the Pieds-Noirs culture.


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