Estimating leaf water content at the leaf scale in soybean inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from in situ spectral measurements

Irregular precipitation and drought caused an increase in tree mortality rates in multiple forest biomes with alterations in both ecosystem services and carbon balance. Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) growth and production in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are likely affected by climate change-induced droughts. Understanding the physiological responses of drought-induced early-stage tree death and strategies to enhance drought tolerance and optimize growth will help tree improvement programs. Mycorrhizal inoculation has a pronounced impact on plant growth, water absorption, mineral nutrition, and protection from abiotic stresses. However, a better understanding of these complex interconnected cellular processes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-mediated mechanisms regulating drought tolerance in plants will enhance its potential application as an efficient approach for bio-amelioration of stresses. The objectives of this work were to elucidate the different effects of autochthone AMF on inorganic solute and water content uptakes, organic adjustments (sugar and proteins content), leaf gas exchange (stomatal conductance and efficiency of photosystems I and II), and oxidative damage of two contrasting ecotypes of carob seedlings: coastal (southern ecotype (SE)) and in-land (northern ecotype (NE)) under control (C), drought (by cessation of irrigation for 15 days (15D)), and recovery (R) conditions. Our findings showed that AMF promoted growth, nutrient content, and physiological and biochemical parameters in plants of both ecotypes during C, 15D, and R conditions. After four days of recovery, stomatal conductance (gs), the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), water content, and plant uptake of mineral nutrients (P, K, Na, and Ca) were significantly higher in shoots of mycorrhizal (AM) than non-mycorrhizal (NM) control plants. Consequently, AMF reduced to a greater degree the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidative damage to lipid (malondialdehyde (MDA)) content in AM than NM plants in NE and SE, after recovery. Altogether, our findings suggest that AMF can play a role in drought resistance of carob trees at an early stage by increasing the inorganic solutes (P, K, Na, and Ca), water content uptake, organic solutes (soluble sugars and protein content), stomatal conductance, and defense response against oxidative damage during re-watering after drought stress.

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Continuous observation of canopy water content changes with GPS sensors

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15551 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vincent Humphrey ◽

Brian L. Dorsey ◽

Christian Frankenberg

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Liquid Water ◽

Large Scale ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽

Leaf Water Content ◽

Vegetation Water ◽

Canopy Water

Canopy water content is a direct indicator of vegetation water use and hydraulic stress, reflecting how ecosystems respond and adapt to droughts and heatwaves. It represents an interesting target for Earth system models which attempt to predict the response and resilience of the vegetation in the face of changing climatic conditions. So far, in-situ estimates of vegetation water content often rely on infrequent and time-consuming samplings of leaf water content, which are not necessarily representative of the canopy scale. On the other hand, several satellite techniques have demonstrated a promising potential for monitoring vegetation optical depth and water content, but these large-scale measurements are still difficult to reference against sparse in-situ level observations.Here, we present an experimental technique based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to bridge this persisting scale gap. Because GNSS microwave signals are obstructed and scattered by vegetation and liquid water, placing a GNSS sensor in a forest and measuring changes in signal quality can provide continuous information on canopy water content and forest structure. We demonstrate that variations in GNSS signal attenuation reflect the distribution of biomass density and liquid water in the canopy, consistent with ancillary relative leaf water content measurements, and can be monitored continuously. Of particular interest, this technique can resolve diurnal variations in canopy water content at sub-hourly time steps. The few rainfall events captured during the 8-months observational record also suggest that canopy water interception can be monitored at 5 minutes intervals. We discuss future strategies and requirements for deploying such off-the-shelf passive bistatic radar systems at existing FluxNet sites.

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Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on tree growth, leaf water potential, and levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and ethylene in the roots of papaya under water-stress conditions

Mycorrhiza ◽

10.1007/s005720000067 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 121-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

André Freire Cruz ◽

T. Ishii ◽

Kazuomi Kadoya

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Water Potential ◽

Leaf Water Potential ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Stress Conditions

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Optimization of Flooded Soil Recovery via Plant- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiotic Interaction

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin ◽

10.3329/cerb.v19i0.33798 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Nor Hazwani Aziz ◽

Norazwina Zainol ◽

Nanthinie Thangaperumal ◽

Nor Hanisah Zahari

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Water Content ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Chemical Engineering ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Flooded Soil ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Soil Recovery ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Flooded soil recovery was optimized using experimental design methodology by manipulating the symbiotic relationship between soil fungi, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and the host plant (Allium cepa L.) planted in a soil containing AMF (SA). This was achieved by measuring the amount of nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake by AMF using HACH spectrophotometer after 14 days of planting in several condition suggested by Design-Expert® software (Ver 7.1.6). In order to determine the optimum condition for the AMF to recover the flooded soil, the experiments were designed according to a central composite design in two variables following the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A quadratic polynomial model was generated to predict soil recovery. R2 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was found at 0.89, 0.96 and 0.94 respectively of the range for the factors studied namely 24-32 ml water content and 4.0-6.0 cm depth of soil. Among two parameters, depth of soil showed significant effect on the recovery of flooded soil for phosphorus and potassium while for nitrogen both parameters showed insignificant effect. Model validation experiments showed good correspondence between experimental and predicted values at error for N, P, and K at 7.0%, 1.86% and 2.65% respectively. The optimal condition for soil recovery was at 28 ml soil water content and 5 cm soil depth. At this condition, the nutrient uptake by AMF was predicted to be at their maximum rate where the concentration of nutrients increased approximately by 2 to 3 times from the initial nutrient concentration.Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 67-74

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Response of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) to blended water irrigation and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation: uptake of minerals and leaf water relations

Photosynthetica ◽

10.1007/s11099-016-0650-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 201-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. I. El-Nashar

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Water Relations ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Leaf Water Relations

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Effet de l’inoculation mycorhizienne avec des souches des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sur la croissance de Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC en condition contrôlée

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.32 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 1065-1073

Author(s):

Hadou Haro ◽

Kadidia Semde ◽

Kadidiata Bahadio ◽

Kadidia B. Sanon

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Au Burkina Faso, l’élevage occupe plus de 80% des ménages ruraux et constitue le troisième produit d’exportation après l’or et le coton. De type extensif, cet élevage est basé essentiellement sur l’exploitation des ressources naturelles. Ainsi, il doit s’adapter aux grandes variations saisonnières et interannuelles des ressources en biomasse végétale et en eau. Or les aléas climatiques, l’étendue et la qualité des pâturages, de même que les contraintes rendent l’activité pastorale souvent précaire. C’est ainsi que cette étude a été initiée dans le but de contribuer à améliorer la production fourragère. Dans cette étude, Mucuna pruriens a été cultivé en serre et inoculé avec deux inocula de champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires. Les paramètres de croissance ont été mesurés à 30 et 60 jours après semis. La biomasse aérienne, racinaire et totale a été évaluée à 60 jours après semis. Les résultats montrent une amélioration de la croissance en hauteur du mucuna de 225,76%, de la biomasse aérienne de 56,79%, la biomasse racinaire de 70% et la biomasse totale de 61,16% par rapport au témoin non inoculé. Cette étude a montré des résultats intéressants et mérite d’être approfondie par des essais in situ tout en étendant l’étude sur les inoculations rhizobiennes.Mots clés : Mucuna, inoculation mycorhizienne, champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires. English Title: Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains on Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC growth under controlled conditionIn Burkina Faso, breeding occupies more than 80% of rural households and is the third export product after gold and cotton. Extensive type, this breeding is based essentially on the exploitation of natural resources. Thus, it must adapt to large seasonal and interannual variations in plant biomass and water resources. Climatic hazards, the extent and quality of pastures, as well as constraints make pastoral activity often precarious. Therefore, this study was initiated with the aim of helping to improve forage production. In this study, Mucuna pruriens was grown in a greenhouse and inoculated with two inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The growth parameters were measured at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Shoot, root and total biomass was evaluated at 60 days after sowing. The results show an improvement in the height growth of mucuna by 225.76%, shoot biomass by 56.79%, root biomass by 70% and total biomass by 61.16% compared to the control. This study showed interesting results and deserves to be deepened by in situ tests while extending the study of rhizobial inoculations. Keywords: Mucuna, mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate salt stress in lupine (Lupinus termis Forsik) through modulation of antioxidant defense systems and physiological traits

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v39i2.9531 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abeer Hashem ◽

Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah ◽

Abdilaziz A. Alqarawi ◽

Stephan Wirth ◽

Dilfuza Egamberdieva

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Water Content ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Tissue Water ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

The Impact ◽

Lupinus Termis

The present study was carried with the aim to demonstrate and examine the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth, anti-oxidants metabolism and some key physio-biochemical attributes including the osmotic constituents in <italic>Lupinus termis</italic> exposed to salt stress. Salt stress (250 mM NaCl) reduced growth, AMF colonisation, relative water content and chlorophyll pigment content. However, AMF ameliorated the negative effect of salinity on these growth parameters. Salt stress increased the activities of key antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD). Inoculation of AMF enhanced the activities of these enzymes and caused an increase in the accumulation of osmotic components resulting in the maintainence of tissue water content. Proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased with salinity stress and AMF inoculation. Plants subjected to salt stress showed considerable variations in the endogenous levels of growth hormones. Reduced lipid peroxidation and increased membrane stability in AMF inoculated plants and enhanced activity of anti-oxidants enzymes confers the role of AMF in assuaging the salt stress induced deleterious effects.

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