Variability of Genotypes of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Nested Design ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) caused large damage on Arabica coffee in Asia, Africa, and America. The resistant genotypes released to farmers in Brazil were developed from the existing cultivars. However, the cultivars of Arabica coffee existing in North Sumatra Province of Indonesia is not yet researched to find resistant genotypes. The goal of this reseach was to determine variability of coffee leaf rust and leaf morphology. In total of 84 genotypes growing in this Province were selected using nested design. Data was analyzed using nested design, correlation, stepwise regression, and hierarchical cluster analysis. This research revealed leaf rust severity had high genotypic variation, low heritability, and high genetic adveance. Ratios of leaf morhology showed moderate to high genotypic variation and heritabilities. Leaf rust severity (y) significantly correlated with both ratio of leaf length with leaf area (x1) and ratio of leaf length with leaf width (x2) with equation y = 2,04 + 62,48x1 3,95x2 with coefficient of multiple correlation R = 0,470**. By using leaf rust severity and these two ratios in cluster analysis, one cluster comprised 18 genotypes with medium leaf rust severity. It could be concluded that resistant genotypes of Arabica coffee might be possible to develop from the existing cultivars. Leaf rust severity might not be used as selection parameter in breeding for leaf rust resistance.

scholarly journals Resistance Variability of Arabica Coffee Genotypes (Coffea arabica L.) to Leaf Rust Disease (Hemileia vastatrix)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Nested Design ◽  
North Sumatra

<p>Coffee leaf rust disease (<em>Hemileia vastatrix</em>) causes large damage to Arabica coffee plantation in Asia, Africa, and America.  In Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra, the resistance level of Arabica coffee genotypes is still unknown. The objective of this research was to determine the resistance variability of Arabica coffee genotypes to leaf rust disease and its relation to leaf morphology.  A total of 84 genotypes grown in North Sumatra were selected in November 2015 and 2016, and December 2017 using a nested design.  Data were analyzed using nested design, correlation, stepwise regression, and cluster hierarchy analysis. The result showed that the G56 genotype performed the most resistant to leaf rust disease, with a severity of 5.21%.  The severity of leaf rust disease has high genotypic variation, low heritability, and high genetic advance.  Leaf morphological ratios showed moderate to high genotypic variation and heritability.  The severity of leaf rust (y) significantly correlated with the ratio of leaf length to leaf area (x<sub>1</sub>) and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width (x<sub>2</sub>) with the equation y = 2.04 + 62.48x<sub>1 </sub>- 3.95x<sub>2,</sub> and multiple correlation coefficients R = 0.470 **. By using the leaf rust severity and the two ratios in the cluster analysis, these 84 genotypes were grouped into five clusters.  The result showed that several Arabica coffee genotypes with a high level of resistance to leaf rust disease are potential to be further developed.</p>

scholarly journals Stability of Arabica coffee genotype (Coffea arabica L.) against leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau ◽  
Albiner Siagian ◽  
Maria Rumondang Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Severity

Abstract Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.

scholarly journals Genotypic and phenotypic correlations among coffee leaf rust symptoms of Arabica coffee genotypes in North Sumatra. Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
S Malau ◽  
M R Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Coffee Breeding

Abstract Coffee leaf rust (CLR) is a pandemic and a serious threat for coffee sustainability in many coffee producing countries. To overcome this CLR, the world’s consensus is to use of resistant cultivars which can be created through coffee breeding program. This research aimed to study genotypic and phenotypic correlations between CLR symptoms of seven arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) genotypes that were selected from different districts of North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This experimental research using a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas HKBP Nommensen in Medan. The result of this study indicate that leaf rust severity (LRS) had a genotypic component variance of 86.8% which indicated that LRS was controlled more dominantly by plant genetics than other unknown factors. Severity indicated by LRS showed no genotypic and phenotypic correlation with dispersal indicated by branch rust incidence (BRI) and leaf rust incidence (LRI). BRI genotypically correlated with LRI. The results of this study could contribute to resistance coffee breeding for CLR.

A comparison of visual and digital image-processing methods in quantifying the severity of coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
TV Price ◽  
R Gross ◽  
Wey J Ho ◽  
CF Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Visual Assessments

Using disease diagrams, visual assessments of coffee leaf rust from Papua New Guinea overestimated severity by >2 times when >20% leaf area was rusted. Nevertheless, a significant linear relationship was established between visual and planimeter assessments of coffee rust severity. Colour image analysis, using a Matrox digitiser, was more accurate than visual estimates or black and white imaging systems in discriminating between rusted and healthy leaf tissues in colour transparency photographs of rusted coffee leaves. Electronic flash photography of rusted coffee leaves produced images with reflections from the waxy leaf surface which made it difficult to discriminate between healthy tissues and the background.

scholarly journals A fungus-eat-fungus world: Digitopodium, with particular reference to mycoparasites of the coffee leaf rust, Hemileia vastatrix

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adans A. Colmán ◽  
Harry C. Evans ◽  
Sara S. Salcedo-Sarmiento ◽  
Uwe Braun ◽  
Kifle Belachew-Bekele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust

AbstractDigitopodium hemileiae was described originally in 1930 as Cladosporium hemileiae; growing as a mycoparasite of the coffee leaf rust (CLR), Hemileia vastatrix, in a sample of diseased leaves of Coffea canephora collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo. No cultures from this material exist. More recently, the type material was re-examined and, based on morphological features, considered to be incorrectly placed in Cladosporium. The new genus Digitopodium was erected to accommodate this species. Interest in fungal antagonists of H. vastarix, as potential biocontrol agents of CLR, led to comprehensive surveys for mycoparasites, both in the African centre of origin of the rust, as well as in its South American exotic range. Among the rust specimens from Ethiopia, one was found to be colonized by a fungus congeneric with, and similar to, D. hemileiae. Pure cultures obtained from the Ethiopian material enabled a molecular study and for its phylogenetic position to be elucidated, based on DNA sequence data from the ITS and LSU regions. Molecular data showed that two members of the recently erected genus Hyalocladosporiella (Herpotrichiellaceae: Chaetothyriales) are congeneric with Digitopodium from Ethiopia and morphologically similar to both D. hemileiae and the two Ethiopian isolates. These isolates were found to be morphologically and genetically identical to H. tectonae, described previously from Brazil. Thus, species of Hyalocladosporiella are re-allocated to Digitopodium here; including D. tectonae, and a novel species, D. canescens, recently found in Brazil growing as a mycoparasite of Puccinia thaliae. The potential use of D. hemileiae and D. tectonae for classical biological control of CLR is discussed.

Non-host resistance responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to the coffee leaf rust fungus (Hemileia vastatrix)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gil Azinheira ◽  
Maria do Céu Silva ◽  
Pedro Talhinhas ◽  
Clara Medeira ◽  
Isabel Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Heterologous System ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

Leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Broome, is the most destructive fungal disease of coffee. In the absence of a suitable gene validation system in coffee, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. may be used as a heterologous system for the molecular dissection of coffee responses to leaf rust. Histological examination of A. thaliana (Col-0) leaves inoculated with H. vastatrix (race II) showed that by 24 h after inoculation (hai), H. vastatrix uredospores differentiated appressoria and penetrated the stomata, but failed to form haustoria. Arabidopsis thaliana cellular resistance responses included hypersensitive-like response (HR) of stomata guard cells together with accumulation of phenolic compounds and callose deposition in walls of epidermal and mesophyll cells. Results indicate that H. vastatrix infection triggered the induction of a set of defence-related genes peaking at 18 and 42 hai. The non-host HR triggered by H. vastatrix in the model plant A. thaliana makes it usable to infer the function of coffee genes involved in pre-haustorial rust resistance.

Evaluation of Different Botanicals for the Control of Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley and Broome)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R Mudyiwa ◽  
N Mwatsiya ◽  
B Manenji ◽  
P Chidoko ◽  
C Mahoya
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust

Sensitization to the fungus Hemileia vastatrix (coffee leaf rust)

Allergy ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 684-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Croce Portocarrero ◽  
E. Rosa da Costa Manso ◽  
W. Gambale ◽  
L. Takayama ◽  
C. E. Oliveira Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust

scholarly journals Current status on coffee leaf rust (hemileia vastatrix) in sidama and gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ano Wariyo ◽  
Habtamu Gebreselassie ◽  
Wondmagegnehu Gerbatsedik ◽  
Kifle Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Coffee is the most important and second traded commodity next to oil in the world. In Ethiopia, coffee leaf rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix is one of the third most economically important diseases of Coffee Arabica. The current status of coffee leaf rust was intensively assessed and examined in 189 sample coffee farms from six districts across major coffee growing areas of the Southern Ethiopia. At each farm, ten randomly selected trees on a diagonal transect across the farm were assessed for disease incidence and severity. The survey data showed that coffee leaf rust was present in all assessed district varying in magnitude and extent of damage. The highest overall mean of rust incidence (38.6%) and severity (13.80%) was recorded at Dilla zuria while the lowest incidence (10.52%) and severity (1.38%) was at Yergachaffee district. The highest altitude range was obtained at Yergachaffee (1838-2056) while the lowest was at Dilla zuria (1434-1825) district. Overall mean severity and incidence result indicate that, there was statistical (p = 0.058 for severity, p = 0.044 for incidence) and negative correlation between intensity and altitude (severity, r= -0.80 and incidence, r= -0.82). The linear regression equation of severity and incidence obtained from the data was Y= -0.036X+73.16 and Y = -0.074X +158.9 (where Y= percentage CLR severity and incidence, respectively and X= altitude). This regression equation implies that, in higher elevation areas the rust intensity was low as compare to the lower elevation. Finally, the disease was remarkably increasing from time to time in all assessed coffee farms. Therefore, appropriate measurement like farmers’ awareness creation and training on how to control disease as well as appropriate agronomic managements has to be seriously undertaken. In addition, development of coffee leaf rust resistant varieties to southern Ethiopia through resistant breeding has to be set high priority.

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