scholarly journals Genotypic and phenotypic correlations among coffee leaf rust symptoms of Arabica coffee genotypes in North Sumatra. Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
S Malau ◽  
M R Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Coffee Breeding

Abstract Coffee leaf rust (CLR) is a pandemic and a serious threat for coffee sustainability in many coffee producing countries. To overcome this CLR, the world’s consensus is to use of resistant cultivars which can be created through coffee breeding program. This research aimed to study genotypic and phenotypic correlations between CLR symptoms of seven arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) genotypes that were selected from different districts of North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This experimental research using a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas HKBP Nommensen in Medan. The result of this study indicate that leaf rust severity (LRS) had a genotypic component variance of 86.8% which indicated that LRS was controlled more dominantly by plant genetics than other unknown factors. Severity indicated by LRS showed no genotypic and phenotypic correlation with dispersal indicated by branch rust incidence (BRI) and leaf rust incidence (LRI). BRI genotypically correlated with LRI. The results of this study could contribute to resistance coffee breeding for CLR.

scholarly journals Stability of Arabica coffee genotype (Coffea arabica L.) against leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau ◽  
Albiner Siagian ◽  
Maria Rumondang Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Severity

Abstract Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.

scholarly journals Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlations between Leaf-Rust Disease and Leaf Morphology and its Ratio in Arabica Coffee

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-477
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Rust Severity

  Selection parameter in coffee breeding for leaf rust (Hemeleia vastatrix) resistance is very important. Breeders used leaf-rust severity and leaf-rust incidence as parameters of direct selection. However, scientific proof is not yet available whether leaf morphology can be used as a parameter of indirect selection. The objective of this research was to seek the possibility of leaf morphology parameter and its ratio to be used as selection criteria through analyses of genotypic and phenotypic correlations of parameter of rust disease and parameter of leaf morphology and its ratio. The result revealed that genotypes showed significant variations in leaf-rust severity (5.21–25.84%), leaf morphology, and leaf-morphology ratio. Leaf length to leaf width ratio, leaf length to leaf area ratio, and leaf width to leaf weight ratio were not affected by the environment. Leaf-rust severity performed highly significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations the ratio of with leaf length to leaf area. For selection criteria, leaf-rust severity could be better used rather than leaf-rust incidence and branch-rust incidence. The ratio of leaf length to leaf area could also be used as an indirect selection criterion because the ratio showed a highly significant genotypic correlation with leaf-rust severity (rGab = 0.254**). However, the ratio of leaf length to leaf area is even better chosen for selection criteria rather than leaf-rust severity because the ratio was not affected by the environment.   Keywords: fungus, Hemeleia vastatrix, indirect selection

Variability of Genotypes of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Nested Design ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) caused large damage on Arabica coffee in Asia, Africa, and America. The resistant genotypes released to farmers in Brazil were developed from the existing cultivars. However, the cultivars of Arabica coffee existing in North Sumatra Province of Indonesia is not yet researched to find resistant genotypes. The goal of this reseach was to determine variability of coffee leaf rust and leaf morphology. In total of 84 genotypes growing in this Province were selected using nested design. Data was analyzed using nested design, correlation, stepwise regression, and hierarchical cluster analysis. This research revealed leaf rust severity had high genotypic variation, low heritability, and high genetic adveance. Ratios of leaf morhology showed moderate to high genotypic variation and heritabilities. Leaf rust severity (y) significantly correlated with both ratio of leaf length with leaf area (x1) and ratio of leaf length with leaf width (x2) with equation y = 2,04 + 62,48x1 3,95x2 with coefficient of multiple correlation R = 0,470**. By using leaf rust severity and these two ratios in cluster analysis, one cluster comprised 18 genotypes with medium leaf rust severity. It could be concluded that resistant genotypes of Arabica coffee might be possible to develop from the existing cultivars. Leaf rust severity might not be used as selection parameter in breeding for leaf rust resistance.

scholarly journals Agronomic characterization and responses to coffeeleaf rust in coffee progenies resistant to the gall nematode Meloidogyne exigua

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Ramiro Machado Rezende ◽  
Gladyston Rodrigues Carvalho ◽  
Alex Mendonça de Carvalho ◽  
Antonio Nazareno Mendes ◽  
Sônia Maria Lima Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Specialty Coffee ◽  
Good Potential

The aim of this study was to determine agronomic characteristics and responses to the coffee leaf rust fungus (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br.) in coffee progenies resistant to the gall nematode Meloidogyne exigua. The experiment was conducted in December 2000 at Ouro Verde Farm (FazendaOuro Verde), located in the municipality of Campos Altos – Minas Gerais (MG). Ten F3:4 progenies were evaluated. They were derived from crosses between CIFC 2570 Timor Hybrid selections and Catuaí cultivars known to be resistant to M. exigua. The Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 cultivar served as a control. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. In total, there were thirty-three plots consisting of eight plants each. The following characteristics were assessed between the harvests of 2011/2012 and 2014/2015: (a) yield expressed as processed coffee bags ha-1; (b) rust incidence and severity; (c) vegetative vigor; (d) percentage of coffee fruits at the “cherry” stage; (e) percentage of floaters; (f) crown diameter; (g) percentage of coffee beans of size sieve 17 and higher; and (h) sensory analysis of the coffee beverage. The results indicated the following: (a) the H514-7-14-2, H514-7-4-5, H493-1-2-2, H514-7-16-3, H514-7-8-11, H518-2-10-1, and H514-5-2-4 progenies were the most productive; (b) all progenies showed promising resistance to coffee leaf rust; (c) all genotypes had the potential for specialty coffee production; (d) the H493-1-2-2 progeny showed resistance both to rust and the nematode, and has good potential for specialty coffee production; and (e) the yields of the H514-7-8-11, H518-2-10-1, H514-5-2-4, H514-7-16-3, H514-7-14-2, H514-7-4-5, and H493-1-2-2 progenies were significantly higher than that of the Catuaí IAC 99 control.

scholarly journals Serangan Karat Daun Kopi (Hemileia vastatrix B et Br) pada Tanaman Kopi Arabika di Perkebunan Rakyat Kabupaten Mandailing Natal Sumatera Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Riza Kusuma Widia Siska ◽  
Lahmuddin Lubis ◽  
Lisnawati Lisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
North Sumatra

Kabupaten Mandailing Natal merupakan daerah penghasil kopi di Sumatera Utara. Salah satu factor pembatas produksi kopi di kabupaten ini adalah adanya serangan penyakit karat daun yang disebabkan oleh Hemileia vastatrix. Namun informasi sebaran dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi di kabupaten ini belum ada.Padaha linformasi ini diperlukan untuk menentukan strategi pengendalian yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keparahan penyakit dan pemetaan sebaranpenyakit karat daun kopi pada perkebunan kopi rakyat di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode purposive random sampling (PRS) di tiga kecamatan masing-masing Kecamatan Pakantan, Puncak Sorik Marapi dan Ulu Pungkut dengan lokasi geografis 0° 10° – 1° 50° LU dan 98° 50° – 100° 10° BT dengan ketinggian tempatantara 861-1353 meter diatas permukaan laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyakit karat daun kopi telah tersebar pada letak geografis 0°10°-1°50°LU dan 98°50°-100°10°BT dengan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi tertinggi yaitu 45% terdapat di Desa Huta Namale, Kecamatan Puncak Sorik Marapi, sebaliknya keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi yang terendah terdapatdi Desa Huta Julu, Kecamatan Pakantan yaitu sebesar1%. Faktor suhu, ketinggian tempat dan jarak tanam berkorelasi sangat rendah terhadap tingkat kejadian dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi. Mandailing Natal Regency is a coffee-producing area in North Sumatra. One of the limiting factors for coffee production in this district is the attack of coffee leaf rust disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix. The information on the distribution and severity of coffee leaf rust disease in this district is needed to determine its control strategy. This study aims to determine the severity of the disease and the mapping of the spread of coffee leaf rust disease on people's coffee plantations in Mandailing Natal District. The study was carried out by purposive random sampling (PRS) method in three sub-districts of Pakantan Subdistrict, Sorik Marapi and Ulu Pungkut Peak with a geographical location of 0 ° 10 ° - 1 ° 50 ° N and 98 ° 50 ° - 100 ° 10 ° with the altitude between 861-1353 meters above sea level. The results showed that the coffee leaf rust disease was spread over a geographical location of 0 ° 10 ° -1 ° 50 ° N and 98 ° 50 ° -100 ° 10 ° East with the highest severity of coffee leaf rust disease, 45% in Huta Namale Village, District Sorik Marapi Peak, on the contrary the lowest severity of coffee leaf rust disease is in Huta Julu Village, Pakantan District, which is equal to 1%. Temperature, altitude, and spacing factors are very low correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust disease.

scholarly journals Resistance Variability of Arabica Coffee Genotypes (Coffea arabica L.) to Leaf Rust Disease (Hemileia vastatrix)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Nested Design ◽  
North Sumatra

<p>Coffee leaf rust disease (<em>Hemileia vastatrix</em>) causes large damage to Arabica coffee plantation in Asia, Africa, and America.  In Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra, the resistance level of Arabica coffee genotypes is still unknown. The objective of this research was to determine the resistance variability of Arabica coffee genotypes to leaf rust disease and its relation to leaf morphology.  A total of 84 genotypes grown in North Sumatra were selected in November 2015 and 2016, and December 2017 using a nested design.  Data were analyzed using nested design, correlation, stepwise regression, and cluster hierarchy analysis. The result showed that the G56 genotype performed the most resistant to leaf rust disease, with a severity of 5.21%.  The severity of leaf rust disease has high genotypic variation, low heritability, and high genetic advance.  Leaf morphological ratios showed moderate to high genotypic variation and heritability.  The severity of leaf rust (y) significantly correlated with the ratio of leaf length to leaf area (x<sub>1</sub>) and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width (x<sub>2</sub>) with the equation y = 2.04 + 62.48x<sub>1 </sub>- 3.95x<sub>2,</sub> and multiple correlation coefficients R = 0.470 **. By using the leaf rust severity and the two ratios in the cluster analysis, these 84 genotypes were grouped into five clusters.  The result showed that several Arabica coffee genotypes with a high level of resistance to leaf rust disease are potential to be further developed.</p>

scholarly journals Morphological Variation in Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Growing in North Sumatra Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau ◽  
And Samse Pandiangan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
North Sumatra

Genetic variation is important in plant breeding. However, information on the genetic variability of Arabica coffee especially in coffee field of North Sumatra was not yet available.  Magnitude of morphological variation, genotypic variation, phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance, genetic correlation, and phenotypic correlation of plant vigors and yield components of 28 genotypes were evaluated using nested design.  This research showed morphological and genetic variations of the genotypes in the field. Based on the research locations as operational taxonomic unit, the genotypes were separated into three clusters. Most of the parameters had low to moderate genotypic variation, while phenotypic variation was moderate to high. Heritability and genetic advance were low, moderate, and high. Several plant vigors and yield components had a positive significant genetic and phenotypic correlation one another, and several had negative ones. Coffee berry borer infestation (CBBI) had a highly significant negative genetic correlation with leaf width (rG = -0.309**), leaf weight (rG = -0.671**), fruit diameter (rG = -0.320**), and bean length (rG = -0.175**). CBBI showed a significant positive genetic correlation with mesocarp pH (rG = 0.134*).  To reduce CBBI, selection for higher leaf weight is better. Selection on lower pH of mesocarp could be considered to decrease CBBI.Keywords: cluster analysis, genetic correlation, genetic heritability, variability

A comparison of visual and digital image-processing methods in quantifying the severity of coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
TV Price ◽  
R Gross ◽  
Wey J Ho ◽  
CF Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Visual Assessments

Using disease diagrams, visual assessments of coffee leaf rust from Papua New Guinea overestimated severity by >2 times when >20% leaf area was rusted. Nevertheless, a significant linear relationship was established between visual and planimeter assessments of coffee rust severity. Colour image analysis, using a Matrox digitiser, was more accurate than visual estimates or black and white imaging systems in discriminating between rusted and healthy leaf tissues in colour transparency photographs of rusted coffee leaves. Electronic flash photography of rusted coffee leaves produced images with reflections from the waxy leaf surface which made it difficult to discriminate between healthy tissues and the background.

scholarly journals Saepo Modi and Correlation among Statistical Methods for Measuring of Phenotypic Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau ◽  
Albiner Siagian ◽  
Maria Rumondang Sihotang ◽  
Rosnawyta Simanjuntak ◽  
N.D.M. Romauli Hutabarat
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Stability Parameter ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Rust Severity

A stabile phenotype is desired. Many statistical methods are available to measure stability. So far, the choice of parameter of stability depended on the perception on the interaction of genotype and environment or ease of counting. The goal of this research was to study correlation among stability parameters. In total of 16 stability parameters were used in this research. Saepo modi (SMsp) as a stability parameter was also used. Branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity on Arabica coffee were used as variables. This research result showed that none of the parameters of stability correlated significantly with all parameter of stability. It coud be concluded that if someone want to use only one stability parameter, it is preffered to make use of regression and deviation from regression (D2i). In the case a researcher needs to use several of parameters of stability, Saepo modi (SMsp) might be exercised.

scholarly journals Role of Mineral Elements to Induce the Resistance of Arabica Coffee Against Rust Disease at Lowland Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ghufron Rosyady ◽  
Ketut Anom Wijaya ◽  
Distiana Wulanjari ◽  
Ali Wafa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lowland Area

Lowland arabica coffee can be affected by leaf rust and its decrease the coffee production up to 80%. The resistance level of the plant can be determined by the content of cellulose, lignin, calcium pectate, and polyphenols in leaf tissue. Many publications reported that the mineral element could increase the content of the metabolites. This study aimed to determine the effect of Si, B, I, Ca, and K on the incidence of leaf rust attack. The experiment was carried out at 400 m a.s.l. in 2018. The experimental subjects were KT variety, which was six years old. The experiment used a randomized block design with seven treatments. The results showed that there were 1) decrease the number of leaves affected by rust between first and second observation, and 2) compared to controls, all treatments has decreased the incidence of attacks leaf rust disease. Conclusion: There is a tendency of differences in the incidence rate of attack of leaf rust disease in each treatment. Control plants showed the highest incidence rate of 1.25%, while the lowest incidence was affected by Silica, iodine, and potassium, which were 0.63%. The treatment of silica and iodine was able to reduce the highest number of colonies Leaf Rust.

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