scholarly journals Letramento e recitação na Roma Imperial

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Letícia Fantin Vescovi
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Oral Performance ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Maximum Expansion ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
The Moment

<div class="page" title="Page 103"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Atualmente, o paradigma de leitura é a prática individual e silenciosa. Entretanto, longe de ser o único modelo possível, não era nem mesmo a principal forma de leitura na Antiguidade. O texto não existe fora de uma materialidade que, se no paradigma atual é um objeto impresso, foi, durante muito tempo, uma forma de transmissão ligada às práticas da oralidade. No mundo romano, a principal forma de circulação do texto literário era a recitação, que ocorria sob diversas formas: recitações privadas ou públicas, concursos literários em que o texto era julgado a partir de uma leitura em voz alta, e mesmo a recitação quando da própria composição do texto. Procuramos, então, resgatar as práticas de leitura da sociedade romana através dos textos poéticos legados por ela e conhecer seus protocolos de leitura no momento em que a cultura escrita alcançou sua máxima expansão, os séculos I e II d.C. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><strong>Literacy and recitation in the Roman Empire </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p><span>In our modern societies, the paradigm of reading is individual and silent. However, far from being the only one possible, this wasn</span><span>’</span><span>t even the main form of reading in the Ancient times. The text doesn</span><span>’</span><span>t exist outside its materiality, and, if the current standard is the printed object, it was, for a long time, a form of transmission connected to practices of orality. In the Roman world, the main form of circulation of the literary text was the recitation, which happened in various ways: public or private recitations, literary contests where the text was judged from an oral performance, and even recitation when the text was been produced. We aim at observing the reading practices of the Roman society through poetic texts and at getting to know the reading protocols of that society at the moment when the maximum expansion of the written culture is achieved, i.e., the first and second centuries AD. </span></p><p><span><strong>Keywords:</strong> Recitation. Orality. Literacy. History of reading. Roman Empire </span></p></div></div></div><p><span><br /></span></p></div></div></div>

“Tittus and Vespacia” and “Titus and Ondronicus” in Henslowe's Diary

PMLA ◽  
1901 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
George P. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Title Page ◽  
Titus Andronicus ◽  
Men I ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Rose

The entries in Henslowe's Diary as to “tittus and Vespacia” and “titus and Ondronicus” seem to me, if they be carefully considered, to support Mr. Fuller's conclusions in regard to the origin of Shakspere's Titus Andronicus. I believe, with him, that we have in the entries which he has quoted in his article the two plays he names as the sources for Shakspere's play—the original of G in “tittus and Vespacia”; the original of D in the “titus and Ondronicus” entered as “ne” Jan. 23, 1593–4, when the Sussex men were playing at the Rose./Note that the title-page of the first extant quarto (1600) says that the play was given by Pembroke's, Derby's, Sussex' and the Chamberlain's companies, and that—this is important—the order of the last two companies on this title-page is the order of their control of the play as shown in Henslowe's Diary. May it not be, then, that the assignment is correct and that the Pembroke and the Derby company, in the order named, used the play before the Sussex and the Chamberlain men ? I think if we assume, for the moment, that whoever put the statement on the title-page was thinking simply of a Titus Andronicus play and not of the special play before him, it may be shown that the statement was entirely correct, and that a Titus Andronicus play passed successively from Pembroke's company to Derby's, Sussex', and the Chamberlain's men. The fact that on this first quarto no author was named for the play may have helped in 'the treatment of two successive Andronicus plays as one.

Dynamic Experimental Analysis of a Steel Bridge

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Fojtík ◽  
Tomáš Novotný ◽  
Iveta Skotnicova ◽  
Martin Stolárik ◽  
Naďa Zdražilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wind Storms ◽  
The Moment

The paper deals with both the theoretical aspects and the practical experience with temporary steel bridge dynamic analysis. Since the moment people built the first bridge it became necessary to replace it in case of natural disasters like wind storms, floods, earthquakes, tsunami or wars and terrorist attacks. As a construction of a stable bridge lasts for a long time, the solution is a temporary bridge - a steel bridge structure designed especially for fast and repeated assembly and disassembly. The paper presents experimental analysis of steel bridge dynamic properties. The experimentally measured results are compared to theoretically calculated ones. Besides frequency analysis of supporting structure, the noise of the bridge during car passes is also measured and analyzed as nowadays traffic noise becomes a more and more important aspect, especially in case of temporary bridges. The bridge measurements are repeated for a clear bridge and for a bridge with anti-vibration mats attached to compare the arrangement results in decrease of traffic noise and the dynamic load of the bridge.

The Christian Year and the Consolations of Synchronized Time

Chronometres ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Krista Lysack
Keyword(s):  
Reading Practices ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Interval Time ◽  
Liturgical Year ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Parallel Features

This chapter shows how the material arrangements and the chronometrics of Keble’s bestselling devotional volume are parallel features. The consolations of The Christian Year were such that they calibrated readers not only to the long time of the liturgical year but also synchronized them to clock time. While many contemporary readers lauded The Christian Year for its soothing properties, its long Victorian print afterlife is indicative of how devotion was being redefined as that century went on as a set of reading practices premised upon distraction and divided time. The eventual work of The Christian Year, in other words, was to console its readers according to a new realization of the replicable, interval time of modernity.

Conspiracy Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McKenzie-McHarg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Conspiracy Theory ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Exact Answer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Moment

Conspiracy theories have been around for a long time, though how long is a matter of debate. As for the concept of conspiracy theory, it might seem reasonable to expect a more exact answer about the moment of its emergence. When do we first find people talking and writing about conspiracy theories? While much of the literature points to the twentieth-century philosopher Karl Popper and his famous work The Open Society and Its Enemies (1st edition: 1945), newspaper databases allow us to locate earlier occurrences of “conspiracy theory.” They reveal that the term proliferates in newspapers from the 1870s onward, particularly after the assassination of President Garfield in July 1881. What can this discovery then tell us about the modern-day phenomenon of conspiracy theories?

Statistical-Mathematical Methods Used in Analysis of Trade in Industrial Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
Tomiță Constantin Vasile ◽  
Luminița Popescu ◽  
Cora Ionela Dăniasă ◽  
Anica Iancu ◽  
Virgil Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Moment

Dairy products are of great socio-economic importance in Romania today. These products have both nutritional and economic importance. The market is the economic category of commodity production in which it expresses the totality of the sale-purchase acts viewed in an organic unit with the relations it generates and in connection with the space in which it takes place. The market originated a long time ago, being related to the moment when, in order to satisfy their existential needs, "discovered" and increasingly "conscious", the people exchanged between them, respectively collectivities, the surpluses held by each individual - individually or collectively. The exchange, set up as a means of realizing its own interests, has seen various forms and has evolved continuously, being still the foundation of all the economies of the world. The market has grown based on the amplification and diversification of human needs. The satisfaction of these needs is given by the close link between producers and consumers.

scholarly journals The Ocular Surface and the Coronavirus Disease 2019: Does a Dual ‘Ocular Route’ Exist?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Emanuele Napoli ◽  
Matteo Nioi ◽  
Ernesto d’Aloja ◽  
Maurizio Fossarello
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surface System ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an important health problem that was defined as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Although great concern has been expressed about COVID-19 infection acquired through ocular transmission, its underlying mechanism has not currently been clarified. In the current work, we analyzed and elucidated the two main elements that should be taken into account to understand the “ocular route”, both from a clinical and molecular point of view. They are represented by the dynamism of the ocular surface system (e.g., the tear film turnover) and the distribution of ACE2 receptors and TMPRSS2 protein. Although it seems, at the moment, that there is a low risk of coronavirus spreading through tears, it may survive for a long time or replicate in the conjunctiva, even in absence of conjunctivitis signs, indicating that eye protection (e.g., protective goggles alone or in association with face shield) is advisable to prevent contamination from external droplets and aerosol.

Reading Online

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Rosalía Winocur
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Public University ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Emergent Reading ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Moment

The popularization of mobile devices in the everyday life of Mexico City's broad socio-cultural sectors, particularly the cell phone, calls attention to the fact that young people read and write permanently, from the moment they wake up to the time they go to bed. They receive and answer dozens of messages throughout the day, and they search and publish all kinds of information. Nonetheless, surveys that measure reading practices leave out questions about these experiences, and subjects, when questioned about their reading habits and preferences, don't mention nor recognize them in their answers. These observations led us to ethnography traditional and emergent reading and writing practices and representations that young people studying Communication in a public university have. Its main results are reviewed in this paper.

Syncretism and Allegory in the Jerusalem Orpheus Mosaic

Traditio ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Block Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Funerary Monuments ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian View ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Visual Statement

The ingenuity of early Christian artisans in turning a host of pagan symbols and images to the service of a new ideology is one of the most conspicuous features of Christian art during the second and third centuries after Christ. It is responsible for the art of the catacombs in which Orpheus the charmer of wild beasts represents Christ the Good Shepherd, and the eagle, peacock, Dionysiac grapes, sun, stars, and other pagan funerary symbols of long standing express the state of the Christian soul after death. Yet as Christianity grew stronger in the Roman empire, as councils were held and creeds formulated, and as a distinctively Christian view of history evolved in which Old Testament figures replaced pagan heroes, we find a curious lag in the visual arts. The old pagan imagery continues to appear in Christian funerary monuments, often in conjunction with newer, wholly Christian, motifs, but significantly not replaced by them. This phenomenon is not due simply to the conservatism of the artisans, but owes much to the vigor of the old motifs and the persistence of the ideas they represented. It also points up the fundamental difference between a verbal statement, made up of words which may be freely rearranged and whose connotations shift mercurially from year to year, and a visual statement, which is less flexible and able to retain its symbolic appeal for a very long time. The difference, practically a commonplace in the study of the history of ideas, is nonetheless often overlooked in the study of the ideas and motifs of late antiquity, when words and pictures ostensibly representing the same ideas were often straining in opposite directions. Thus, while the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon sought to settle for all time the relation between the human and divine in the person of Jesus, Christian artisans were still depicting Christ the Good Shepherd in the aspect of Orpheus.

The Polish Legal and Organisational Solutions Combating Terrorism

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Bernard Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
National Experience

Legal solutions adopted over the past few years in Poland indicate that attempts are being systematically made to improve the mechanism for counteracting terrorism. Terrorism in Poland has been opposed for a long time. The commencement of such systematic solutions took place on the 25th of October 2006 through the appointment by the Prime Minister of the Inter-ministerial Team for Terrorist Threats and ended ten years later, on the 10th of June 2016, by the adoption of the law on anti-terrorist activities. For the above-mentioned reasons, the two main parts are devoted to the issues of the commencement of legal and organisational undertakings in the fight against terrorism and the characteristics of systemic statutory solutions are preceded by considerations with conclusions. The article discusses the issues of initiatives undertaken by the government administration and presents the circumstances in which it tried to face up to the problem of developing draft laws of the law now in force. In consequence, this serves to present the areas of responsibility and tasks of government administration bodies specified in the said Act. The considerations presented in this study indicate that global and national experience gained in recent years has shaped the“Polish model of combating terrorism”, which has recently found its confirmation in the relevant legal provisions. The basis for the development of this article is the interest in improving the effectiveness of combating terrorism which, for obvious reasons, is not reducing and remains very substantial. This applies to both theoreticians and practitioners. This results first of all from the needs of the challenges and threats that are subject to dynamic changes. Secondly, through the adaptation of the tools used by the state, including those mainly legal of a legal nature. These must be improved from the moment of their implementation.

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