scholarly journals On Technology of Manufacturing Medieval Ritual Silverware (Based on Materials from the Museum of the History and Culture of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East, IAE SB RAS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Irina V. Salnikova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Far East ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Eagle Owl ◽  
Layer Composition

Purpose. The collection of the Museum of history and culture of peoples of Siberia and Far East at the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS has a unique section of ritual objects produced by the Ob Ugrians during Middle Ages. The collection features unique objects made of silver, which allows us to make a conclusion that silver had a sacral meaning for the Khanty and Mansi, and the material itself was closely connected with a complex of cosmological and mythological conceptions. Results. We conducted XRF analysis for a series of silver objects of cult and identified three objects made with the use of a special laborious technology by means of cold hammering from three sheets of silver. Conclusion. The article gives a full description of the objects and describes the semantics of the images presented. We provide the results of element composition of the metal and identify a circle of analogues. The artifacts considered included a metal plate with a solar sign made with gilding, with an engraving around it on the surface of metalwork, a stylized profile of attenuated heads of elks facing each other (the drawing was created later); the second item being a metal plate with a central part in the form of a medallion depicting a horseman who strikes a man lying at the horse’s legs with a spear (it was made by means of engraving on a ready form); and the third item being a platter with the images of an eagle owl standing on the back of a deer and a duck flying up. The plots of the silver items evidently have a cult significance and correspond to some mythological constructs. The unique technology of their three-layer composition is accounted for by mythological conceptions and enhances a sacral significance of the items.

scholarly journals Astrology and medicine in antiquity and the middle ages

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Francois P. Retief ◽  
Louise C. Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Far East ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
The West ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
The Far East ◽  
A Minor

Astrology is a pseudo-science based on the assumption that the well-being of humankind, and its health in particular, is influenced in a constant and predictable fashion by the stars and other stellar bodies. Its origins can probably be traced back to Mesopotamia of the 3rd millennium BC and was particularly popular in Graeco-Roman times and the Medieval Era. Astrology in Western countries has always differed from that in the Far East, and while it largely lost its popularity in the West after the Renaissance, it still remains of considerable significance in countries like China and Tibet. Astrology took on a prominent medical component in the Old Babylonian Era (1900-1600 BC) when diseases were first attributed to stellar bodies and associated gods. In the Neo-Babylonian Era (6th century BC) the zodiac came into being: an imaginary belt across the skies (approximately 16o wide) which included the pathways of the sun, moon and planets, as perceived from earth. The zodiac belt was divided into 12 equal parts (“houses” or signs), 6 above the horizon and 6 below. The signs became associated with specific months, illnesses and body parts – later with a number of other objects like planets, minerals (e.g. stones) and elements of haruspiction (soothsaying, mantic, gyromancy). In this way the stellar objects moving through a zodiac “house” became associated with a multitude of happenings on earth, including illness. The macrocosm of the universe became part of the human microcosm, and by studying the stars, planets, moon, etcetera the healer could learn about the incidence, cause, progress and treatment of disease. He could even predict the sex and physiognomy of unborn children. The art of astrology and calculations involved became very complex. The horoscope introduced by the 3rd century BC (probably with Greek input) produced a measure of standardisation: a person’s position within the zodiac would be determined by the date of birth, or date of onset of an illness or other important incident, on which information was needed. Egyptian astrological influence was limited but as from the 5th century BC onwards, Greek (including Hellenistic) input became prominent. In addition to significant contributions to astronomy, Ptolemy made a major contribution to astrology as “science” in his Tetrabiblos. Rational Greek medicine as represented by the Hippocratic Corpus did not include astrology, and although a number of physicians did make use of astrology, it almost certainly played a minor role in total health care. Astrology based on the Babylonian-Greek model also moved to the East, including India where it became integrated with standard medicine. China, in the Far East, developed a unique, extremely complex variety of astrology, which played a major role in daily life, including medicine. During Medieval times in the West, astrology prospered when the original Greek writings (complemented by Arabic and Hebrew contributions) were translated into Latin. In the field of medicine documents falsely attributed to Hippocrates and Galen came into circulation, boosting astrology; in the young universities of Europe it became taught as a science. It was, however, opposed by the theologians who recognised a mantic element of mysticism, and it lost further support when during the Renaissance, the spuriousness of the writings attributed to the medical icons, Hippocrates and Galen, became evident. Today Western standard medicine contains no astrology, but in countries like China and Tibet it remains intricately interwoven with health care. In common language we have a heritage of words with an astrological origin, like “lunatic” (a person who is mentally ill), “ill-starred”, “saturnine” (from Saturn, the malevolent plant) and “disaster” (from dis, bad, and astra, star).

Colin Ross in South America, 1919-1920

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Earl R. Beck
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Far East ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Era

Before he met death by his own hand in 1946, Colin Ross was one of Germany's most famous journalist-travelers. No less than fifteen books and a host of articles described his visits to countries from the Arctic to the Pacific and Haha Whenua to Africa, “ mit Kind und Kegel und Kamera ”—“ bag, baggage, and camera.” His greatest renown—or notoriety—dated from the Nazi era. Hitler himself said, “A man like Colin Ross, for example, gave me infinitely more precious information on the subject” of the Far East than all of the professional diplomats. Ross was, indeed, regarded with some exaggeration as “ one of Hitler's foremost geopoliticians,” and, probably with even greater exaggeration, as a paid spy for the Third Reich. When he visited South America in 1919-1920, however, it was suspicions of Bolshevist rather than Nazi inclinations which placed obstacles in the path of high ambitions.

scholarly journals Traditions of Far Eastern jewelry in the costume of the peoples of Amur in the 19th – beginning of 20th centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
Н.А. Панкратьева
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Far East ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Far Eastern

Ювелирные украшения народов Амура — это важный элемент традиционной культуры, сформировавшийся под влиянием эстетических идеалов и являющийся отражением общности тунгусо-маньчжурского мира. Несмотря на обширность территорий и появление в XIX веке новых политических границ, семантика ювелирных украшений традиционного костюма была понятна и аборигенному населению Уссурийского края, и урбанизированному слою маньчжуров, освоивших города цинского Китая. Исследование базируется на предметах из фондовых коллекций Музея истории Дальнего Востока имени В.К. Арсеньева, часть которых ранее не представлялась широкому зрителю. Сегодня именно музейные собрания, сформированные в XIX – первой половине XX века, стали базой для изучения технологии и семантики ювелирных украшений народов Дальнего Востока. При производстве ювелирных изделий, бытовавших среди коренных малочисленных народов Дальнего Востока, использовались самые разнообразные технологии, и от их сложности зависело место производства. Это были или профессиональные ювелирные мануфактуры маньчжурского Китая, или нанайские и удэгейские мастера, работавшие в стойбищах. И в данном контексте можно говорить о широких торговых связях, существовавших благодаря обороту ювелирных изделий. Долговечность материалов, использовавшихся при создании произведений ювелирного искусства, стала важным фактором преемственности культурных парадигм при смене поколений. Комплекс украшений, сложившийся на Дальнем Востоке в Средние века, просуществовал несколько столетий, пережил череду государственных образований и сохранился до XX века, пока цивилизационный слом не вытеснил традиционный уклад жизни охотников и рыболовов вместе с костюмом из повседневного использования. Jewelry of the Amur peoples is an important element of traditional culture, formed under the influence of aesthetic ideals and reflecting the commonality of the Tungus-Manchurian world. Despite the vastness of the territories and the appearance of new political borders in the 19th century, the semantics of jewelry of traditional costume was understandable both to the aboriginal population of the Ussuri Region and to the urbanized stratum of the Manchus who mastered the cities of Qing China. The research is based on items from the stock collections of the Arsenyev Museum of the History of the Far East, some of which were not previously presented to the wide public. Today, it is the museum collections formed in the 19th – first half of the 20th centuries that have become the basis for studying the technology and semantics of jewelry of the peoples of the Far East. In the production of jewelry that existed among the indigenous peoples of the Far East, a wide variety of technologies were used, and the place of production depended on their complexity. Either they were professional jewelry manufactories of Manchurian China, or Nanai and Udege craftsmen who worked in the camps. And in this context, we can talk about broad trade relations that existed due to the turnover of jewelry. The durability of the materials used in the creation of works of jewelry art has become an important factor in the continuity of cultural paradigms with the change of generations. The jewelry complex that developed in the Far East in the Middle Ages lasted for several centuries, survived a series of state formations and survived until the 20th century, until the civilizational scrapping replaced the traditional way of life of hunters and fishermen, along with the costume, from everyday use.

VARIETY OF SCIENTIFIC CONCLUSIONS ON THE ETHNOGENESIS OF THE КHITAN PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Jakhongir Y. Ergashev ◽  
◽  
Jasur L. Latipov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Far East ◽  
Early History ◽  
East China ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liao Empire

The article scientifically examines the origins of the Khitan tribes in the early Middle Ages and various views on this issue in historical sources. It also discusses the early history of the Khitan people and the factors of socio-political events that took place in the Far East at that time. The article also provides a scientific analysis of the scientific considerations put forward by various scientists. This article also contains anthropological, linguistic and other evidence of the origin of the Khitan tribes.Index Terms: migration of peoples, Far East, China, ethnogenesis, Chinese, Liao Empire, Karahitai, eight tribes, three kingdoms of Korea, ethnonym “Tsidan”, chronicles, Sunnu tribal union, Xianbin tribal union, Yuwen, Kumosi, mujun, struggle, Sun dynasty, historian Wuyang Xu, Siberian Mongoloid race, Muslim historians

scholarly journals Far East Film festival, Udine

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Ng
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Italian Cinema ◽  
Film Festival ◽  
Popular Cinema ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Asian Cinema

INTERVIEW WITH FEDERICA DINI, FAR EAST FILM, UDINE, ITALY Federica Dini served as Secretarial Editor of the third edition of Far East Film festival (April 2001). She spoke to Kinema's Yvonne Ng. Kinema: It seems rather unusual to have a festival concentrating fully on Asian cinema here in Udine. How did the Far East Film festival come about?Federica Dini: Actually, the festival started fifteen years ago. It was and is still called the Udineincontri Cinema. It was only recently that we decided to focus on Far East cinema. Since its beginning, the festival has concentrated on popular cinema. So one year, you would have European westerns, the following year, Italian cinema of the 1950s and so on. It was a theme festival, and the subject matter changed every year. But in 1998, we programmed Far East cinema for the first time and it was called Hong Kong Film....

scholarly journals Variation of macroand trace elements in organs of the blue honeysuckle subspecies of various environmental and geographic provenance when grown in the Near-Ob foreststeppe (West Siberia, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00017
Author(s):  
Irina G. Boyarskikh ◽  
Tatyana I. Siromlya
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Far East ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Similar Chemical

The variation limits and organ distribution of macroand trace elements were determined in plants of the three subspecies of Lonicera caerulea L. The leaves, as compared with the stems, were found to accumulate more of B, Са, Mg, Mo, P and Sr and less of Al, Mn, Ti and Zn. The plants of different subspecies, grown on soils of the similar chemical element composition, showed statistically significant differences in contents and organ distribution patterns of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti and Zn. The stems of the subspecies of the Far East provenance (L. сaerulea subsp. kamtschatica and L. сaerulea subsp. venulosa) had abnormally high contents of Al, Cr, Fe, Na, Si and Ti.

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