scholarly journals How, where and when authentic traditions of Jaw Harp music of Siberia and the Far East have been forming.

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
A. V. Nikolsky ◽  
E. Ye. Alekseyev ◽  
I. Ye. Alekxeyev ◽  
V. Ye. Dyakonova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Far East ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Phonological Contrasts

This article reviews the milestones in the formation of acoustic, musicological, and cultural attributes of tonal organization in indigenous traditions of jaw harp music across Northeastern Eurasia – as related to the timeline of its geographic distribution. Phonology of jaw harp playing is compared to singing and speaking in establishing traits specific to jaw harp prosody. Based on the theories of harmonic residue and harmonic templates, a new model of phonological classification of jaw harp articulations is put forward. Phonological contrasts between jaw harp articulations are determined by the configuration of harmonics. Their configuration depends on mechanical properties of the material of which jaw harp is made. Different constructions of jaw harp produce different types of spectral texture. The general timeline of human mastering of various manufacturing technologies most likely determines the timeline of the succession of specific textural types. According to the entirety of the known information, the emergence of pan-cultural authentic Eastern Eurasian jaw harp tradition can be dated by 7–5 thousand years ago – after the establishment of the institution of personal song and prior to the formation of modern language families of Siberia and the Far East. The first part of this article defines the terminology required for accurate identification of music works created within the framework of traditional timbre-oriented music and for its adequate description. The article presents the preliminary results of the study of the perception of jaw harp articulations by its indigenous performers.

scholarly journals Pathogens detected in the tick Haemaphysalis concinna in Western Poland: known and unknown threats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Dwużnik-Szarek ◽  
Ewa Julia Mierzejewska ◽  
Mohammed Alsarraf ◽  
Mustafa Alsarraf ◽  
Anna Bajer
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Far East ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Veterinary Importance

AbstractIn recent years, a new focus of the relict tick Haemaphysalis concinna was discovered in Western Poland, near Wolsztyn, Greater Poland voivodeship. This species may play an important role in the circulation of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. In the present study we tested 880 juvenile ticks collected from rodents, including 427 H. concinna, 443 Ixodes ricinus and 10 Dermacentor reticulatus for three of the most common pathogens vectored by ticks in Poland: Rickettsia and Babesia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. Additionally, molecular techniques were applied for accurate identification of tick host species (the voles Microtus and Alexandromys). Our study found differences in the range and prevalence of vectored pathogens between the three tick species. DNA of all three pathogens was found in I. ricinus. In juvenile H. concinna, DNA of Babesia microti, Borrelia afzelii and Rickettsia sp. was identified. Moreover, DNA of a new unnamed Babesia species related to B. crassa, was found in two H. concinna nymphs. This genotype of Babesia was previously identified in H. concinna in the Far East and then in Central Europe. DNA of Rickettsia raoulti and B. afzelii was detected in D. reticulatus nymphs. Among rodent hosts, Alexandromys oeconomus seems to be host of the highest significance for juvenile tick stages and was the only host species with B. afzelii detected in blood samples. Using phylogenetic methods, we confirmed a clear division between rodents from the genera Microtus and Alexandromys. Moreover, we found that A. oeconomus trapped in Western Poland clustered with a Central European A. oeconomus allopatric phylogroup.

scholarly journals Comparative Rheological Properties of Soy Lecithins Produced in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1861-1870
Author(s):  
Elena Butina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Russian Plant ◽  
Production Technologies

The work is devoted to a comparative study of the features of the structural and mechanical properties of soybean lecithins, produced in Russia, in their relationship with the composition and other characteristics. Considering that the cultivation of transgenic agricultural crops is prohibited in Russia, Russian plant raw materials and products of its processing, including lecithin, are of interest and are in demand in a number of European countries. Despite the fact that the main raspberry raw material in Russia is sunflower, the volume of processing of soybeans grown without the use of genetic modification methods, the main plantations of which are located in the Far East, ranks second after sunflower. Lecithin production technologies in Russia are mostly focused on the production of so-called "raw" liquid lecithins and do not provide for the operation of their subsequent conditioning in order to ensure special characteristics of the composition and consumer properties. Despite this, raw soy lecithins produced by Russian enterprises mostly meet the requirements of GOST 32052-2013 and the European Union E 322 requirements and can be positioned as standard liquid lecithins. At the same time, during the release of such lecithins, problems associated with an increase in their viscosity during storage are periodically observed. This article presents the results of comparative studies of the composition and properties of liquid soybean lecithins of various consistencies and presents conclusions on the factors that determine the features of their structural and mechanical properties.

Humanitarian Law and Traditional African Law

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (179) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolande Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Review ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Social Affairs

We are very pleased to publish this report by Mrs. Diallo on research into the correlations between the principles of international humanitarian law and the humanitarian principles underlying African traditions. In earlier issues of International Review, various authors have drawn attention to the fact that historically, in Islamic countries, in India and elsewhere in the Far East, in a variety of ethical doctrines and in many different types of civilization, thoughts have been expressed which compare with those of the Red Cross—leading to the conclusion that they arise from aspirations common to most of mankind. It is particularly appropriate therefore to disclose certain concordances between them and to discover, in all these different places, a unity of view and of teaching in ethical and social affairs.

scholarly journals On the Formation of Local Communities in the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory in the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1065-1072
Author(s):  
Valentina N. Asochakova ◽  
Svetlana S. Chistanova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of the article is to consider the formation of local communities in the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory in the religious migrant world. The authors refer to religious migrants as migrants who left their place of permanent residence in Central Russia and moved to Siberia in the 19th century in an attempt to preserve and spread their non-Orthodox religion. The authors analyse literature, sources from the Siberian archives, scientific articles and monographs on the life of religious migrants in other regions of Siberia and the Far East. The article gives a classification of sects, adopted by pre-revolutionary scholars, examines in detail the representatives of all faiths living in the Khakass-Minusinsk Territory, namely Molokans, Dukhobors, Skoptsy, Catholics and Protestants, especially Lutherans, their number, farming conditions and interaction with local population. The conclusion sets out the reasons why local communities in the studied region did not form: the border location of the region, the indigenous population, which was just beginning to accept Orthodoxy, the fragmentation and small number of sectarians

scholarly journals How, where and when authentic traditions of Jaw Harp music of Siberia and the Far East have been forming. Part 3: The influence of the materials for manufacturing, their availability and the history of their manufacturing technologies on the acoustic properties of Jaw Harp and tonal organization of its music

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
A. V. Nikolsky ◽  
E. Ye. Alekseyev ◽  
I. Ye. Alekxeyev ◽  
V. Ye. Dyakonova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Vocal System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
General Vector

This article completes the series dedicated to the methodology of research of the vocal system of Jaw Harp’s articulation within the surviving indigenous traditions of Siberia and the Far East. This last part introduces and examines the relation between the tonal organization of Jaw Harp music and the material of Jaw Harp’s making. The acoustic properties of five most common materials (grass, bamboo, wood, bone, and metal) are discussed in relation to specific traits of Jaw Harp music in the context of the archaeological evidence for a possible timeline of human mastering of the principal manufacturing technologies while taking into consideration the general availability of necessary raw materials throughout the Holocene in Northeastern Eurasia. The authors introduce a novel concept of spectral texture, instrumental for the analysis of timbre-oriented forms of music (such as Jaw Harp music). The results of such analysis are cross-examined against the available data on paleoclimatic conditions in a geographic area of distribution of each of the principal Jaw Harp constructions. This new multi-disciplinary approach enables the authors to infer two pan-regional traditions: Jaw Harps made of metal versus Jaw Harps made of organic materials. Each of these traditions is characterized by its own tonal model, preferred types of musical texture, semantic sphere of use, the area of geographic distribution, and the general vector of historic spread. The new proposed methodology can be applied to other musical instruments that are commonly manufactured from different materials.

scholarly journals On History, Issues, Objectives and Perspectives of Composition Analysis of the Orthodox Cross Pendants Metal Compounds Produced in the Late 16th – 19th Centuries in Siberia and the Far East

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
S. V. Gorokhov
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
General Context ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Technical Issues

Purpose. The article is aimed at a comprehensive description of progress in the studies of the metal compounds as the material for orthodox cross pendants found if Siberia and the Far East and produced in the late 16th – 19th centuries. To achieve the purpose, this article contains a historical survey of the studies devoted to the topic, outlines a set of relevant issues and objectives, and identifies most promising directions for further research. Results. There are few publications related to the composition analysis of the metal of staurographical collections, so the article reviews each of them. The historiographical analysis conducted allowed us to outline a set of relevant issues related to the study of cross pendants’ metal composition. All of the issues were divided into three stages determining the way of resolving them and three groups describing their relation to the task of the historical reality reconstruction: technical issues (e. g., forming a source base, inconsistency of the metal composition in the product body, comparability of results of the metal composition analysis performed with the use of different devices including those based on different physical principles), methodological issues (e. g., connection between the metal composition and phenomena, processes and events of the historical reality, integration of the metal composition analysis results into the general context of archaeological research, development of the chronological scale of alloys) and issues related to the historical reality reconstruction (e. g., determination of casting centers and workshops, classification of cross pendants by alloy composition while using non-ferrous scrap to manufacture cross pendants, identification of products manufactured from fully identical alloys, correlation between the metal composition of cross pendants and their morphological attributes, identification of vintage products, integration of the historical reality data obtained based on the composition analysis of the metal into other aspects of history and archaeology of the objects belonging to the period of the Russian development of Siberia and the Far East). Conclusion. Our summary of the history, issues and objectives of the composition analysis of the cross pendants metal compounds manufactured in Siberia and the Far East in the late 16th – 19th century has showed that there are conditions for full or partial resolving the issues listed above and subsequent enhancement of the information potential of the staurographical materials to reconstruct the historical reality of the period of the Russian development of the transUrals regions of Russia.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Some Illustrated Books by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) in the Museum of Oriental Art in Venice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Vesco
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Far East ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Illustrated Books ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Present Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The collection of Japanese prints, albums and illustrated books (ehon) in the Museum of Oriental Art in Venice is the result of the last stop in Japan of a journey to the Far East of Prince Henry Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi and his wife Adelgunde of Bragança, during the years 1887-1889. The gathering of more than thirty thousand objects became the core of the present collection. Among these there are about 500 illustrated books of famous ukiyoe masters, surimono, and colour prints nishikie. The creation of catalogue entries in Japanese and Italian and the analysis of each print reveals an amazing quantity of unpublished ukiyoe masterpieces and allows a division into different groups according to the subject matter. At the same time, this distinction into different genres shows an interesting tendency in the formation of the collection together with a possible new classification of the prints themselves. This study aims to shed a new light on this particular collection while focusing on a series of illustrated books by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1848). Among these the famous volumes of the Manga, the illustrated books on warriors, an unusual album with some prints from the One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji and a selection from the five volumes dedicated to teach the artisans how to draw all kind of decorations.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

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