Influence of Childhood Trauma and Personality Traits on Paranormal Beliefs among Early-adults

The field of Parapsychology is concerned with the exploration of psychic and paranormal phenomena which has deep-rooted repercussion in the social world from time immemorial. Research in this field has gone beyond bounds and leaps in distant cultural contexts, yet the local milieu stands right in the middle of the road. The present study which intended to find out the influence of childhood trauma and personality beliefs on paranormal beliefs was conducted among early adults belonging to the age group 18-30 years. The sample consisted of 190 early-adults (67 males and 123 females) hailing from different districts of Kerala, India. Purposive sampling method was employed for the selection of participants. The tools used for the study include Revised Paranormal Beliefs Scale (Tobacyk, 1983), Childhood trauma Questionnaire (Pennebacker and Susman, 2013), and Big Five-Factor Inventory (44 items). It was found that there are significant relationships between few dimensions of paranormal beliefs, childhood trauma, and personality traits as proposed earlier, and certain dimensions of childhood trauma and personality traits are significant predictors of paranormal beliefs. The study also found that the distribution of different dimensions of paranormal beliefs is not significant across categories of gender (males and females), except in the case of one dimension. An exploration into the backdrop of paranormal beliefs among individuals hailing from the venerable culture of Kerala; anchored in heritage and religiosity, might be of assistance in this regard. This study could probably be reflected as such an endeavour to unfurl mysteries hidden in the regional psyche.

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Young Adults' Drug Use: A 17-Year Longitudinal Inquiry of Antecedents

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3c.1235 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1235-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Judith S. Brook ◽

Elinor B. Balka ◽

Michal D. Gursen ◽

David W. Brook ◽

Joseph Shapiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Drug Use ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Deviant Peers ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Males And Females ◽

Peer Factors ◽

Selection Of

This longitudinal study examined the interrelation of personality and peer factors on young adults' drug use and also the influence of the interaction of personality and peer factors on drug use. The sample of 756 males and females were interviewed four times between the M ages of 6 and 22. Personality attributes in childhood were related to peer factors in early adolescence which, in turn, were related to personality traits in later adolescence. These traits were linked with selection of peers and, ultimately, drug use in young adulthood. Additionally, the adolescent and young adult domains had direct effects on young adults' drug use. Significant interactions indicated that a few protective childhood personality traits buffer the risk of deviant peers in adolescence on young adults' drug use. More earlier protective characteristics from one domain enhanced the effect of later protective traits from the other domain.

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Personality Correlates of Actual Self-Disclosure

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1968.22.2.495 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 495-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Darhl M. Pedersen ◽

Vincent J. Breglio

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Physical Appearance ◽

Self Disclosure ◽

Personality Variables ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Personality Correlates ◽

Depth Rating ◽

Males And Females ◽

Personality Studies

A questionnaire which obtained actual self-disclosure about five topics—interests, personality, studies, body, and money—and instruments which measured seven personality traits were administered to 52 Ss. Seven self-disclosure scores were obtained from the questionnaire, one depth rating for each topic, a total depth score (sum of the five topic depth ratings), and an amount of disclosure score (count of words written in responding to all five topic areas). All self-disclosure measures were correlated with the personality variables for males and females separately and also with sex. No significant relationships were found between the personality variables and the measures of self-disclosure for females. However, data suggested that more emotionally unstable males tended to disclose more about their personality and their health and physical appearance than the stable males. Although no significant correlations were found between masculinity-femininity as a personality trait and the measures of actual disclosure, females tended to disclose more than males about all topics except “money.”

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Hyoid Bone Size and Its Implications for Social Organization and Sexual Selection in Alouatta pigra and the Elusive Alouatta macconnelli

Journal of Student Research ◽

10.47611/jsr.v8i1.609 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aubrey R. Whittaker ◽

Shawn Lehman

Keyword(s):

Sexual Selection ◽

Social Organization ◽

Null Hypothesis ◽

Hyoid Bone ◽

Selection Process ◽

Alouatta Pigra ◽

Royal Ontario Museum ◽

The Social ◽

Males And Females ◽

Selection Of

The purpose of this research paper is focusing on the hyoid bone in Alouatta pigra and Alouatta macconnelli and determine its role in affecting the social organization and sexual selection of the individuals in these species. This includes the discussion on the dimensions of the hyoid between the males and females as well as an analysis of observed social behaviour patterns and the sexual selection process. It was found that female Alouatta pigra had a larger hyoid than males of the species and that Alouatta macconnelli males had a hyoid nearly twice the size of females. The hyoids were measured from the Mammal Biodiversity collection at the Royal Ontario Museum. The bones dimensions were taken using plastic calipers and their circumference measured using a soft tape measure. Based on the sexual selection and social organisation of Alouatta pigra which is multi-male/multi-female with the occasional unimale with multiple females, the null hypothesis must be accepted as the larger hyoid is not found in males but in females and the size of the hyoid does not affect the social organization in this species. In Alouatta macconnelli, there is little information on this species but the null hypothesis is rejected as males have much larger hyoids than females and the social organization is that of a uni-male with multiple females.

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Childhood trauma and neuroticism as an adult: possible implication for the development of the common psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviour

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291702006566 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 1471-1474 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

ALEC ROY

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Childhood Adversity ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Personality Dimension ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Substance Dependent ◽

Physical Neglect

Background. Neuroticism is an important personality dimension associated with depressive and anxiety disorders. Both genetic and social factors are thought to contribute to neuroticism. This study aims to examine whether early childhood adversity may be a determinant of neuroticism.Method. Five hundred and thirty-two abstinent substance dependent patients completed both the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ).Results. There was a significant relationship between total childhood trauma scores on the CTQ and neuroticism scores on the EPQ. There were also significant relationships between neuroticism and CTQ subscores for emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect.Conclusions. Childhood trauma may be a determinant of neuroticism. This may be one way in which childhood trauma plays a role in the development of psychiatric disorders. General population studies are needed.

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The Effect of Childhood Trauma on Personality in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Major Depressive Disorder

10.21203/rs.3.rs-844647/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chuanyue Wang ◽

Zhen Mao ◽

Feng Li ◽

Fan He ◽

Fang Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Physical Neglect

Abstract Objectives: This study is aimed to examine the potential association between childhood trauma (CT) and personality traits among unaffected first-degree relatives (FDR, children or siblings of patients) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The study consists of three groups: total 85 patients with MDD, 35 FDRs and 89 healthy control individuals (HC). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess childhood trauma and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire used to assess personality traits. Results: By comparison made in personality traits, MDD patients exhibits some significant disparities to FDR and HC (p<0.05 for extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism). Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between HC and FDR. In FDR group, patients with CT scored noticeably higher for neuroticism (N) compared with those without CT (F=3.246, p=0.046). CT was associated with N, psychoticism (P) and Lie (L), and it was associated with N more closely (r=0.290-0.452, p<0.05 for all). Significantly positive correlations were found between N and sexual abuse (SA), emotional neglect (EN), physical neglect (PN), and CTQ total (r=0.344-0.452, p<0.05); P and CTQ (r=0.336, p<0.05); and significant negative correlations between L and EN, CTQ (r=-0.446-0.375, p<0.05). EN contributed to a probability of N, P (R2=0.155-0.214, F=6.066-9.010, p=0.005-0.019) as well as a probability of L (R2=0.199, F=8.211, p=0.007). Conclusion: CT was associated with N, P and L, with a closer relation to N in unaffected FDR. Besides, the type of CT, the most relevant to N, was discovered to be EN. Thus, FDR of MDD who experienced CT should be prioritized. Key words: childhood trauma; personality; major depressive disorder; first-degree relatives

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