scholarly journals The Role of Obstetrician in Reducing the Risks of Childhood Allergy Related to Cesarean Birth: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Rima Irwinda ◽  
Febriansyah Darus ◽  
Peby Maulina
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Prenatal Education ◽  
Cesarean Birth ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Prenatal Intervention

Women’s decision on birth mode should consider its risks and benefits, including long-term risks of caesarean among children. This study aims to present the current available evidences on the risks of caesarean towards childhood allergy and how an obstetrician could prevent this outcome through nutrition and education. We searched articles from several online databases about the link between caesarean, childhood allergy, and prenatal intervention. There were significant risks of childhood asthma and food allergy, but it was still unclear for allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Nutritional intervention could be done for pregnant women with consumption of probiotics and vitamin D supplementation. In addition, prenatal education is necessary to prepare better childhood outcomes.

scholarly journals Alternative Approaches for Rheumatoid Arthritis Management: Future Perspective, Herbal, Dietary, Lifestyle, Psychological, Nutritional Intervention and Healthcare

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-363
Author(s):  
Reena Gupta ◽  
Jitendra Gupta ◽  
Dhruv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease autoimmune disorder that develops when our immune system attacks the tissues near joints due to the release of chemicals and enzymes. Although the exact pathogenesis of the disease has yet to be determined, studies indicate that cellular proliferation of synoviocytes results in pannus formation, which damages cartilages and bones. Recent research also supports the role of free radicals in the disease's pathogenesis. For rheumatoid arthritis treatment, a variety of anti-inflammatory and other types of drugs are available. However, long-term use of such types of pharmacological drugs is associated with serious side effects. As a result, herbal remedies, lifestyle, nutritional, probiotics, dietary and psychological interventions provide a rich source of anti-arthritic agents along with management of rheumatoid arthritis. This review focused on pathogenesis, treatments approaches for RA, mechanism of action, patents of marketed products. Tailored made approaches for arthritis management helps the scientists and researchers for finding newer leads, promotes growth and development of herbal industries, significantly improving health.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D Status in Diabetic Patients with Renal Disease

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gembillo ◽  
Valeria Cernaro ◽  
Antonino Salvo ◽  
Rossella Siligato ◽  
Alfredo Laudani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Western World ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a major public health problem worldwide, with ever-increasing incidence and prevalence in recent years. The Institute for Alternative Futures (IAF) expects that the total number of people with type 1 and type 2 DM in the United States will increase by 54%, from 19,629,000 to 54,913,000 people, between 2015 and 2030. Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) affects about one-third of patients with DM and currently ranks as the first cause of end-stage kidney disease in the Western world. The complexity of interactions of Vitamin D is directly related with progressive long-term changes implicated in the worsening of renal function. These changes result in a dysregulation of the vitamin D-dependent pathways. Various studies demonstrated a pivotal role of Vitamin D supplementation in regression of albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, contrasting the increase of glomerular basement membrane thickening and podocyte effacement, with better renal and cardiovascular outcomes. The homeostasis and regulation of the nephron’s function are absolutely dependent from the cross-talk between endothelium and podocytes. Even if growing evidence proves that vitamin D may have antiproteinuric, anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects in patients with DN, it is still worth investigating these aspects with both more in vitro studies and randomized controlled trials in larger patient series and with adequate follow-up to confirm the effects of long-term vitamin D analogue supplementation in DN and to evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy and the appropriate dosage.

scholarly journals Promovendo Mudanças Comportamentais Sustentáveis no Controlo do Peso Corporal

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Camolas ◽  
Osvaldo Santos ◽  
Pedro Moreira ◽  
Isabel Do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

There is a wide acknowledgement of obesity as a relevant clinical entity. Such relevance can be inferred by the huge worldwide amount of research and related health promotion and clinical efforts. Though the evidence sustains some cues for the therapeutic success, the overall long-term effectiveness of obesity treatment tends to be not so satisfactory. Scientific literature is not unequivocal in key areas of nutritional intervention, such as the magnitude of caloric restriction, proportion of macronutrients, meal frequency, among others. The same applies to the area of physical activity recommendation for weight control. As a correlate of this scenario of incertitude, there is a proliferation of interventions and there is a clear need to integrate the scientific and clinical evidence. This paper presents a narrative literature review of key issues of clinical practice in obesity, regarding a set of actions that, in the overall, have as main purpose the promotion<br />of reduction and/or control of body weight. The role of the health professional is highlighted as a facilitator of acquisition of habits that favor weight control, by integrating the professional’s scientific knowledge with the patient’s readiness for and capacity to change.

Vitamin D: The Great Debate

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Michael Domeny
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Medical Associations ◽  
Great Debate

Vitamin D deficiency has become a very contentious issue in the medical community. Inconsistent recommendations from various medical associations as well as lack of good quality rigorous studies further contribute to the confusion. Highly anticipated report by the Institute of Medicine published in 2011 failed to answer critical questions about the role of vitamin D for nonskeletal health. Unanswered questions about the long-term safety and benefits of vitamin D supplementation remain. This article attempts to summarize the existing evidence about vitamin D and provide the reader with information about the appropriateness of vitamin D supplementation for both skeletal and nonskeletal health. Controversy surrounding the issue of establishing the current standards for measuring vitamin D as well as the definitions and cut points for “deficiency” and “insufficiency” of vitamin D are explored. The role of poor health in relationship to vitamin D status is suggested as a possible contributing factor for growing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.

Analysis of Allogeneic versus Xenogeneic Auxiliary Organ Perfusion in Liver Failure Reveals Superior Efficacy of Human Livers

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pascher ◽  
I.M. Sauer ◽  
P. Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Human Livers

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of allogeneic and xenogeneic extracorporeal liver perfusion (ECLP). Methods: An Internet-based keyword search was performed in the established online databases. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance (general linear method) were performed. Results: Data from 198 patients were included in the statistical analysis, 142 of whom were treated by ECLP using porcine livers. Baboon livers were used in 29 patients, human livers in 14, and other or mixed species in 13 patients. Pig liver perfusions resulted in a 20% long-term-survival whereas the use of human livers was significantly more successful (survival rate (SVR) 43%, p<0.05). Baboon livers also revealed superior success (41%; p<0.05). Twenty-three patients were treated after 1991, 12 surviving long-term (52%). The latter all belonged to a group of 14 patients who received combined treatment consisting of ECLP and LTx (SVR-86% in this subgroup). Conclusion: Allogeneic ECLP was accompanied by significantly improved outcome compared with discordant xenogeneic ECLP. The role of hyperacute rejection in acute liver failure with reduced complement levels remains controversial. Physiologic disparity between pig and man may be the even more decisive determinant of outcome.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy of Temozolomide and Its Predictors in Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Pituitary Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Luo ◽  
Yiheng Tan ◽  
Wenli Chen ◽  
Bin Hu ◽  
Zongming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Mgmt Expression ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Background: A growing number of evidences suggest that TMZ applications can generate impressive benefits for APT and PC patients. However, the definite role of TMZ for individuals remains unclarified due to the variation between studies. And the predictive factors to alter its efficacy remain debatable.Objective: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety profile of TMZ in the treatment of pituitary malignancies, and delineate the predictors during its clinical employment.Results: A literature retrieval was conducted from online databases for studies published up to December 31, 2020. Twenty one studies involving 429 patients were identified. TMZ exhibited 41% radiological overall response rate (rORR). The biochemical response rate was determinate in 53% of the functioning subset. Two-year and 4-year survival rate were 79 and 61%, respectively. TMZ prolonged the median PFS and OS as 20.18 and 40.24 months. TMZ-related adverse events occurred in 19% of patients. Regarding predictors of TMZ response, rORR was dramatically improved in patients with low/intermediate MGMT expression than those with high-MGMT (&gt;50%) (p &lt; 0.001). The benefit of TMZ varied according to functioning subtype of patients, with greater antitumor activities in functioning subgroups and fewer activities in non-functioning sets (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, the concomitant therapy of radiotherapy and TMZ significantly increased the rORR (p = 0.007).Conclusion: TMZ elicits clinical benefits with moderate adverse events in APT and PC patients. MGMT expression and clinical subtype of secreting function might be vital predictors of TMZ efficacy. In the future, the combination of radiotherapy with TMZ may further improve the clinical outcomes than TMZ monotherapy.

Role of Acid-Suppressing Medications During a Sustained Outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in a Long-Term Care Facility

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bowen ◽  
Alexandra Newman ◽  
Concepcion Estivariz ◽  
Norene Gilbertson ◽  
John Archer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Term Care Facility ◽  
Long Term Care Facility ◽  
Risks And Benefits

During an insidious outbreak of salmonellosis in a long-term care facility, residents who were treated with acid-suppressing medications were 8 times more likely than other residents to develop Salmonella infection. Among vulnerable populations, the risks and benefits of acid-suppressing medications should be considered carefully before use.

Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis: clinical and pathophysiological aspects

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Compston
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Pathogenetic Role ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Oestrogen Deficiency ◽  
Reduce Fracture Risk

The pathogenetic role of oestrogen deficiency in osteoporosis was first postulated by Fuller Albright in 1941 and has subsequently become well established. Hormone replacement therapy prevents menopausal bone loss and is the only treatment which has convincingly been shown to reduce fracture risk at both the spine and hip. The mechanisms by which oestrogens affect bone, however, are poorly understood and many aspects of treatment remain ill-defined, in particular with respect to the duration of therapy and its long-term risks and benefits.

The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniela Menichini ◽  
Gianpiero Forte ◽  
Beatrice Orrù ◽  
Giuseppe Gullo ◽  
Vittorio Unfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Role

Abstract. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400–800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.

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