Herbicide resistant confectionary sunflower variety Aladdin

The variety Aladdin is the new confectionary sunflower variety. It is developed in the laboratory of OP-sunflower breeding jointly with the laboratory of genetic at the V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2014– 2020. It is developed by crossing plants of a line VK 1-imi (Imr Imr) used as a maternal form and a pollen mixture of an early maturing confectionary sunflower variety, with the further treatment by the herbicide Euro-Lightning. Later, there were conducted a multiple individual selection and estimation in progenies of families that were the best by their morphometric and economically valuable traits, tolerance to broomrape races E, F, and G and to downy mildew. The variety belongs to the middle maturity group, confectionary type. The major features of the cultivar Aladdin are its resistance to imi-herbicides, high productivity, tolerance to the main races of broomrape and downy mildew, increased level of autofertility. The variety is suitable for cultivation by Clearfield (BASF) technology. It is uniformed by plants height, flowering and maturing. A period emergence – physiological maturity is equal to 97–99 days. Weight of 1000 seeds at plant population of 25–30 thousand plants/ha exceeds 130 g.

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Early maturing samples of winter rapeseed bred at VNIIMK: search, estimation, selection of promising samples

Oil Crops Scientific and technical bulletin of All-Russian Research Insitute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V S ◽

10.25230/2412-608x-2021-1-185-27-31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 185 (1) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

L.А. Gorlova ◽

◽

E.B. Bochkaryova ◽

E.A. Strelnikov ◽

V.V. Serdyuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Significant Degree ◽

Vegetative Period ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Chinese Origin ◽

Russian Research Institute ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Winter Rapeseed ◽

Spring Frosts ◽

Standard Cultivar

Early maturing cultivars of winter rapeseed are of a great demand in the modern production as they allow lowering field intensity of harvesting works. Agrarians are interested in the cultivars which can be harvested simultaneously with winter barley and earlier than middle maturing wheat cultivars. Early maturing rapeseed cultivars are less depressed with summer droughts in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, they have shorter and more intensive periods of flowering and ripening. The purpose of our research was to select genotypes of winter rapeseed combining short vegetative period and complex of economically valuable traits in work breeding collection of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. We studied 330 breeding samples and selected 13 ones (3.9%) having significantly shortened (by 8–4 days) vegetative period compared to the early maturing standard cultivar Elvis. Also it was selected very early sample YS 5696 of Chinese origin, which ripened by 26 days earlier than Elvis, but having low winter resistance and susceptible to returned spring frosts. The best early maturing samples by yield appeared to be ES-15, МТ-1, МR-2, 787/09, they exceeded to a significant degree the standard cultivar Elvis – by 0.32–0.45 t per ha. Their flowering period started simultaneously with Elvis crops, but their periods of flowering and ripening were quite short. Also the selected samples had meaningfully high oil yield per a unit area (from 1.77 to 1.92 t per ha) compared to the cultivar Elvis (1.66 t per ha), low level of uncontrolled sulphur-containing substances – glucosinolates (from 12.2 to 14.5 µmol/g) and 1000 seeds weight within 3.4–4.1

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The use of the Ugandan initial grain sorghum forms in the hybridization of the sorghum varieties for forage and food

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127313009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 273 ◽

pp. 13009

Author(s):

Vladimir Kovtunov ◽

Natalia Kovtunova

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Partial Dominance ◽

High Productivity ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Weight Number ◽

1000 Grain Weight

The problem to develop new early maturing grain sorghum varieties adapted to mechanized harvesting with high productivity and feed advantages, is of great urgency. The purpose of the current work was to study the inheritance of the main economically valuable traits in the first generation hybrids developed in the hybridization between samples of different ecological and geographical origin. In the first generation hybrids Zernogradskoe 88 × Seso 1 and Zernogradskoe 88 × Narosorg 1, there was identified the improvement of 1000-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and length of a peduncle in comparison with the initial parental forms. In the hybrid combination obtained as a result of hybridization of the varieties Zernogradskoe 88 and Seso 3 there was not identified any positive manifestation of heterosis for the breeding process in the main studied traits. According to the trait ‘plant height’ in all combinations, there was identified overdominance of high-growing forms. According to the protein percentage in grains there was established depression or dominance of lower values of the trait. The inheritance of the trait ‘length of vegetation period’ in the studied hybrids corresponded to the partial dominance of both lower and higher values of the trait.

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Sunflower hybrid Status

Oil Crops Scientific and technical bulletin of All-Russian Research Insitute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V S ◽

10.25230/2412-608x-2021-3-187-91-95 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 187 (3) ◽

pp. 91-95

Author(s):

O.F. Gorbachenko ◽

◽

T.V. Usatenko ◽

N.S. Luchkina ◽

N.A. Zhitnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Maternal Line ◽

High Productivity ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Russian Research Institute ◽

Average Plant ◽

Favorable Conditions

The widespread saturation of crop rotations with sunflower crops contributed to the creation of favorable conditions for the emergence and wide distribution of new more aggressive races of broomrape, downy mildew and other pathogens of this crop. Sunflower varieties and hybrids resistant to previously common races have become severely affected. One of the ways to solve this problem is to develop sunflower hybrids resistant to new virulent races. The breeders had to combine high productivity and genes of resistance to new more aggressive races of broomrape and downy mildew in one genotype. The first stage of the work was development of a new breeding germplasm and selection of parental lines with breeding valuable traits from it. Based on these lines, there were developed hybrid combinations resistant to new highly virulent races of broomrape and downy mildew. The hybrid Status was developed by hybridization of a maternal line ED 47 and a paternal line ED 193. The maternal line ED 47 is single-headed, low height, resistant to the broomrape races: E, F, G, has a good combining ability. The paternal line ED 193 is branched, also resistant to broomrape (races E, F, G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). The hybrid Status belongs to the middle-early maturity group, duration of the growing season is 95 days. The average plant height over the years of testing was 140 cm; the plants are uniformed in height and the duration of the development phases. Seed yield of the hybrid Status exceeded the standard one (a hybrid Gorstar) by 0.25 t/ha, and oil yield – by 0.14 t/ha. The oil content of the seeds was 48.0%, the huskiness – 28.7%, the 1000 seeds weight – 60.6 g. The new hybrid is resistant to seven races of broomrape (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). A distinctive feature of it is resistance of both parent lines to broomrape. The originator of a simple interline sunflower hybrid Status is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.

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Modern trends in breeding and genetic improvement of sunflower varieties and hybrids at VNIIMK

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding ◽

10.18699/vj21.042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 388-393

Author(s):

V. M. Lukomets ◽

M. V. Trunovа ◽

Ya. N. Demurin

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Production Systems ◽

Biological Research ◽

Practical Recommendation ◽

State Tests ◽

State Register ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Russian Research Institute ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Experimental Base

Modern sunflower breeding is significantly diversified due to the different needs of agricultural production. The breeding of sunflower varieties and hybrids is carried out at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) in all areas in demand on the market and is based on fundamental biological research. In the field of breeding for faster maturing, the following commercial cultivars were obtained: very early maturing, cv. Skormas and the three-way hybrid Achilles, early maturing cvs. Varyag and Uspekh, medium maturing cvs. Amelie, Aris and Aurus. Within the framework of breeding for immunity, eight hybrids and one variety have been produced. So at the Don experimental station (Rostov region), productive hybrids were bred, resistant to the virulent broomrape of the G race due to the presence of the Or7 gene: ‘Gorstar’, ‘Gorfild’, ‘Grant’, ‘Status’, ‘Fogor’ and the three-way hybrid Nika. On the central experimental base, the following were obtained: the mid-early hybrid Typhoon and the earlymaturing variety Platonych with resistance to common races of downy mildew and a high oil content of achenes (up to 53 %) as well as the mid-early hybrid Tayzar, which is simultaneously resistant to virulent races of broomrape and to the causative agent of downy mildew. The early maturing large-fruited sunflower variety Belochka was included in the“Russian State Register of Selection Achievements…”, and the large-fruited varieties Karavan, Konditer and Kalibr are currently undergoing state tests. The breeding use of germplasm with genes for herbicide resistance wasaccompanied by their extensive genetic study. A practical recommendation for all three alleles of the ALS gene (Imr, CLHA-Plus, Sur) was the need to create homozygous hybrids for their reliable use in appropriate production systems. For Clearfield technology, the hybrids Imidzh, Arimi and Immi have been developed; for Clearfield Plus, the hybrid Klip; and for Express Sun (or SUMO), the hybrid Surus. Klip and Surus are mid-oleic. All newly developed fertile ornamental sunflower varieties – Aurelia, Fizalia, Zhemchuzhny, Rumyanets, Agat and Mazhor – were transferred for practical use to a sterile CMS RIG basis. Thus, new achievements have been attained across the entire spectrum of modern trends in sunflower breeding.

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The new early-maturing winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-74-2-34-39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 34-39

Author(s):

M. M. Ivanisov ◽

D. M. Marchenko ◽

E. I. Nekrasov ◽

I. A. Rubas’ ◽

I. V. Romanyukina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Early Maturity ◽

High Productivity ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Bread Wheat Variety

There has been presented the characteristics of the new early-maturing winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’ according to economically valuable traits and properties. The development of early-maturing grain crop varieties is one of the main issues of grain production. The combination of a relatively short vegetation period with high productivity in one genotype helps to solve a number of agricultural concerns. This allows using techniques more systematic, reducing the intensity of harvesting and yield loss significantly, which occur when cultivating simultaneously maturing varieties on large areas. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new early-maturing winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’ on the basis of a set of economically valuable traits. The study was carried out in 2015–2019 with such forecrops as maize for grain, weedfree fallow, peas and sunflower. In the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” a lot of work is being done on winter wheat breeding, and one of the important directions is the development of early-maturing varieties. The winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’ has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2020 and approved for use the North Caucasus and Nizhne-Volga regions. According to the length of the growing period, it belongs to the early-maturing group. Its high and stable productivity with various forecrops is explained by a complex of positive economically valuable traits and properties, such as high productivity of a head, resistance to lodging and brown rust, high frost resistance (the same as that of the variety ‘Don 107’). The variety ‘Zhavoronok’ is capable of producing good yields and full grain in arid years, its early maturity allows it to ‘escape’ drought, disease and other unfavorable conditions.

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Creation and evaluation of new varieties and populations of alfalfa

сборник статей всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием "Растениеводство и луговодство" ◽

10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-53 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I. A. Meremyanina I. A. ◽

◽

V.V. Kenyz V.V.

Keyword(s):

High Productivity ◽

Green Mass ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

New Varieties ◽

Complex Hybrid ◽

The Creation

The article is based on the creation and evaluation of new varieties and complex hybrid populations of alfalfa with economically valuable traits and properties.Varieties with high productivity of green mass and seeds have been created and studied.

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ALLOCATION OF SOURCES AND DONORS OF ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS FROM THE COLLECTION MATERIAL OF CUCUMBER TO CREATE HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/5/45-49 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

N. V. Kulyakina ◽

G. A. Kuzmitskaya ◽

T. K. Yurechko

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Damage Degree ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Far Eastern

The downy mildew (peronosporosis) is the most dangerous and harmful cucumber disease in the Far-Eastern region. Its harmfulness is the highest during the period of flowering – fruiting, because it may completely ruin the cucumber plants both in open and protected ground. Use of cucumber sorts with effective genes that are resistant to the disease is the most efficient way to fight cucumber peronosporosis. In this connection the publication adduces the facts of study the sorts and hybrids of different ecological and geographical origin from the genetic resources collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in comparison with three zoned sorts of DV NIISH selection – Mig, Khabar, Amurchonok. The aim of researches – to identify the sort samples cucumber according to the main economically valuable traits and also to the degree resistance of genetypes to the main disease of the culture in the region – downy mildew (peronosporosis), for allow to select the source material for the creation of sorts and hybrids, highly productive and resistant to biotic and abiotic stress environmental factors in the monsoon climate conditions of Khabarovsk region. The perspective genetypes having both the resistance to the diseases and productivity are not revealed as a result of the evaluation of the collection of cucumber samples according to their susceptibility by fungus diseases and productivity. Slavyanskiy (Belarus) is more resistant to peronosporosis, especially in 2016 year conditions, although it was inferior to the damage degree of disease to the zoned sorts – Mig, Khabar, Amurchonok. This perspective sample is planned to be used as a source of donors of the main economically valuable traits in a further selective work.

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ECOLOGICAL-GEOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BARLEY AND OAT FROM THE VIR COLLECTION

Ecological genetics ◽

10.17816/ecogen16128 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Igor Loskutov ◽

Lubov Novikova ◽

Olga Kovaleva ◽

Nadezhda Ivanova ◽

Elena Blinova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Growing Season ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Cultivation Conditions ◽

High Productivity ◽

Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Effective Temperatures ◽

The Stability ◽

Selection Of

Under conditions of climate change, the assessment of the stability of genotypes is of particular importance. To conduct directed selection of genotypes with a narrow or broad reaction rate, it is necessary to assess their stability already in the early stages of breeding. The aim of the study was to study the stability of breeding significant traits of oat and barley samples in contrasting ecological and geographical conditions. 25 oat samples and 25 barley samples were studied over 3 years under contrasting conditions in St. Petersburg and the Tambov region. Varieties are characterized by average values of economically valuable traits and genotype regression coefficients on the influence of the bi environment according to Eberhart and Russell. The most sensitive to a change in the ecological and geographical situation were the durations of the germination-heading, germination-harvest periods and grain yield. These characters varied to a greater extent depending on the cultivation conditions than on the genotype. According to regression coefficients for environmental conditions, significant differences in genotypes were only in yield. Contrasting groups of varieties were distinguished by regression coefficients on environmental conditions, genotypes with high productivity. The durations of germination-heading, germination-harvest, the plant height reacted to the change in the environment the same in different varieties. The duration of the growing season was determined by the sum of effective temperatures above 15C. The reduction of the growing season in both crops was 3 days with an increase in the sum of effective temperatures above 15C by 100C.

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Theoretical justification of the possibility of selection perspective individuals in variety populations of self-pollinators on the example of soybean

Oil Crops Scientific and technical bulletin of All-Russian Research Insitute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V S ◽

10.25230/2412-608x-2021-2-186-31-40 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 186 (2) ◽

pp. 31-40

Author(s):

V.M. Lukomets ◽

◽

S.V. Zelentsov ◽

E.V. Moshnenko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

F1 Hybrids ◽

Individual Selection ◽

Breeding Methods ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Phenotypic Differences ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Experimental Base ◽

Modified Formula ◽

Selection Of

Breeding practice shows that soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods are submitted for the state variety testing in the F10–F11 generation. But the newly bred cultivars are not completely homozygous. The studies were related to the determination of the frequencies of formation of atypical and suitable for selection promising individuals in soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 at the central experimental base of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. In the experiments, we used cultivars of our own breeding: Selena, Puma, Vita, Irbis, Bars, Barguzin and Sayana with a total age of 11–15 years from the year F1 hybrids were obtained. To confirm the practical possibility of isolating individuals differing from the phenotypic varietal norm in varietal populations, a complete examination of the crops of all studied soybean cultivars was carried out. In the fields of all cultivars, individuals were identified that differed from the varietal norm phenotypically. Mostly, the isolated individuals were distinguished by an increased plant height, a more powerful habit, an increased number of beans per plant, and resistance to lodging. The facts of the detection of atypical individuals with improved morphological traits in soybean cultivars of different ages confirm the possibility of individual selection of plants in varietal populations based on morphometric traits. The statistical dynamics of a decrease in heterozygous individuals in increasing generations in a hybrid self-pollinating population in terms of the number of paired genes, by which the parental forms can hypothetically differ, were calculated using the modified formula of S. Borojević (1984). It was found that the frequency of formation of phenotypically different individuals in varietal populations of soybeans depends on the total age of the cultivar. The frequency of the formation of morphologically different individuals decreases with an increase in the number of generations of the cultivar. Individual selection of individuals with positive phenotypic differences from the varietal norm can be recommended as an additional source of promising and practically homozygous starting material for accelerated analytical breeding of soybean.

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Identifikasi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai Berumur Genjah dan Berdaya Hasil Tinggi

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v16n2.2010.p113-117 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I Made J. Mejaya ◽

Ayda Krisnawati ◽

Heru Kuswantoro

Keyword(s):

Research Station ◽

Lower Yield ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

Soybean Germplasm ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Yield Result ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Germplasm Accessions ◽

Number Of Branches

Identification of Early Maturing and High Yielding Soybean Germplasm. Preference to early maturing soybeans is higher than the late ones, since early maturing soybean can improve planting index and able to escape from fail of harvest due to drought stress. To identify accessions of soybean germplasm which will be used as gene resources in developing of early maturing and high yielding varieties, a numbers of 203 soybean germplasm accessions were evaluated at Jambegede Research Station on dry season 2006. Observation primarily conducted on physiological maturity and flowering date. Beside, observation also conducted on plant height, number of branches, 100 seeds weight and seed yield. Result showed that accession of MLGG 0751 and MLGG 0753 identified having early maturity (70 days). The early maturing accessions had lower yield than the late maturing ones. There was no accession having both of early maturing and high yielding traits. Accessions of MLGG 0751 and MLGG 0753 can be used as gene resources in developing of early maturing varieties. AbstrakPreferensi terhadap kedelai berumur genjah lebih tinggi daripada berumur dalam karena kedelai berumur genjah dapat meningkatkan indeks pertanaman dan dapat menghindari kegagalan panen akibat cekaman kekeringan. Untuk mengidentifikasi aksesi plasma nutfah yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber gen dalam perakitan varietas kedelai berumur genjah dan berdaya hasil tinggi, sebanyak 203 aksesi plasma nutfah kedelai dievaluasi di Kebun Percobaan Jambegede pada musim kemarau 2006. Pengamatan terutama dilakukan terhadap umur masak fisiologis dan umur berbunga. Pengamatan juga dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, bobot 100 biji, dan hasil biji tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi MLGG 0751 dan MLGG 0753 teridentifikasi berumur genjah (70 hari). Aksesi berumur genjah memiliki hasil biji lebih rendah daripada aksesi berumur dalam. Tidak diperoleh aksesi kedelai berumur genjah yang sekaligus berdaya hasil tinggi. Aksesi MLGG 0751 dan MLGG 0753 dapat digunakan sebagai sumber gen dalam perakitan varietas kedelai berumur genjah.

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