Formation features of the parameters of the model winter bread wheat variety of intensive type for the conditions of the Rostov region

Breeding success is determined by the correct choice of agro-ecotype. In this regard, we have carried out a comprehensive estimation of 75 winter bread wheat varieties and samples of the competitive trials. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard. The study was carried out using the material and technical base of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”) in 2017–2019. The purpose was to study the correlation among economically valuable traits of winter bread wheat varieties and samples and to find genotypes similar in their parameters to the model variety based on curvilinear regressions. As a result of the phenotypic estimation of the quantitative traits of winter bread wheat varieties and samples, there was determined an average level and their variability degree. Their productivity ranged from 8.52 to 10.51 t/ha. Through the years of study, the variation coefficients indicated a high stability of these features (from 0.9 to 10.0%). In order to identify the similarities and differences between varieties and samples, there has been conducted a cluster analysis. As a result of this analysis, there has been selected the winter bread wheat variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ (C25), parameters which were more identical to the model (C76). This variety is recommended for further breeding process to improve the studied basic economic traits.

The new winter bread wheat variety of universal type ‘Donskaya Step’

Introduction and methodology. Wheat bread belongs to the greatest inventions of the mankind. Therefore, the study aimed at solving the issues of improving its productivity and quality, stabilizing the gross yield of wheat grain have always arisen a great interest of researchers and specialists in agricultural production. The most accessible source of improving yields and gross harvests is a variety.The purpose of the current study was to characterize the winter bread wheat variety ‘Donskaya Step’ according to the main economically valuable traits and properties. The study was carried out by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”” from 2016 to 2020 on the experimental plots of crop rotation belonging to the winter wheat department. The object of the study was the winter bread wheat variety ‘Donskaya Step’. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety. There were used four forecrops: maize for grain, peas, sunflower and green fallow. The trials were conducted in sixfold replications. The accounting area of the plot was 10 m2.Results. The variety was sent to the State Variety Testing in 2016. In 2020 it was introduced into the State List for the North Caucasus and Low Volga regions of the Russian Federation. This variety has a high potential for grain productivity. The maximum yield of 11.83 t/ha was obtained in 2017 when sown in weedfree fallow. The average yield through four years of the competitive variety testing (2016–2020) was 9.77 t/ha, which is on 0.96 t/ha higher than that of the standard variety ‘Ermak’. The variety ‘Donskaya Step’ is a middle-maturing variety that forms ears and ripens as the standard variety ‘Ermak’. The variety forms high and stable yields due to increased frost resistance, drought resistance and resistance to the main wheat leaf diseases.

ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN IN WHEAT GRAIN

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops grown with highest demand. Nitrogen content that enables the protein in the grain is necessary for baking and processing quality. The importance of wheat protein and its functionality in bakery products are well discussed in the given topic. This Study was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer supply and its implications on bread wheat variety in the baking process. Dumas method is used for estimating the protein content in the bread variety that is grown in two different nitrogen fertilizers supply with 100kg/ha and 350kg/ha respectively. The results clearly depict the highest growth of bread wheat variety which was grown in 350kg/ha of nitrogen supply has high amount of protein content. Wheat is the best source of carbohydrates and the proteins present in are gliadin and glutenin which are responsible to provide viscoelastic properties in the bakery products. Functionality of the bakery products are well discussed in the introduction part. The result includes test values and graphs have been plotted based on the comparison of protein present in bread. In the discussion section the differences and effects of protein in processing of foods are analysed against similar other research works.

Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Bread Wheat Varieties with Their Production Packages in High land Area of Eastern Amhara Region, Ethiopia

The study was basically focused on demonstration of bread wheat technologies for wider demand-driven technology diffusion in major wheat growing area in high land of eastern Amhara. The objectives were in order to evaluate and demonstrate improved bread wheat variety with their production package to the farming community and assess farmers and extension workers reaction towards improved bread wheat technology. The activity was conducted in main season 2019/2020 at Jama and Meket districts. The fact that wheat production and productivity in the region as well as in the particular study area low because farmers are using low yielding, disease and pest resistant local varieties. The improved bread wheat variety was demonstrated along with the local variety at 12 farmers' fields. Yield data, economic data, farmers’ perception and preferences were collected throughout the demonstration stages and data were analyzed by using ANOVA, partial budget analysis and preference ranking. The results of ANOVA showed that yield and yield related parameters statistically significant at the probability level of 0.01% and 0.05% among treatments. The highest mean yield was recorded from "Hibist" with improved management 2.49 ton/ha and 1.42 ton/ha at Jama and Meket districts respectively followed by local with improved management and the lowest was from local with farmers practices. Furthermore, the result of partial budget analysis show that the use of improved and local variety with recommended package more profitable with the MRR of 1.96 and 0.81 than farmer practices at Jama district and 74.26 and 9.26 at Meket district respectively. Farmer preference analysis improved & local variety with improved management ranks 1st and 2nd at Jama respectively while reverse at Meket and lastly ranks farmer practices at both districts. Generally, improved bread wheat with recommended package has higher yield advantage, financial feasibility and social acceptance than control and farmer practices, it is recommended to be scale out for further dissemination.

The new early-maturing winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’

There has been presented the characteristics of the new early-maturing winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’ according to economically valuable traits and properties. The development of early-maturing grain crop varieties is one of the main issues of grain production. The combination of a relatively short vegetation period with high productivity in one genotype helps to solve a number of agricultural concerns. This allows using techniques more systematic, reducing the intensity of harvesting and yield loss significantly, which occur when cultivating simultaneously maturing varieties on large areas. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new early-maturing winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’ on the basis of a set of economically valuable traits. The study was carried out in 2015–2019 with such forecrops as maize for grain, weedfree fallow, peas and sunflower. In the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” a lot of work is being done on winter wheat breeding, and one of the important directions is the development of early-maturing varieties. The winter bread wheat variety ‘Zhavoronok’ has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2020 and approved for use the North Caucasus and Nizhne-Volga regions. According to the length of the growing period, it belongs to the early-maturing group. Its high and stable productivity with various forecrops is explained by a complex of positive economically valuable traits and properties, such as high productivity of a head, resistance to lodging and brown rust, high frost resistance (the same as that of the variety ‘Don 107’). The variety ‘Zhavoronok’ is capable of producing good yields and full grain in arid years, its early maturity allows it to ‘escape’ drought, disease and other unfavorable conditions.

Factors influencing Adoption of improved bread wheat technologies: a double hurdle approach in Northern Ethiopia

This study was conducted in Meket District, Amhara National Regional State, in northern Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data collected from 214 randomly selected farm households via a structured interview protocol was used for the study. Double-hurdle model was to identify factors affecting the probability of adoption and intensity of use of improved bread wheat varieties and associated technologies in the study area. The first hurdle of the model suggests number of oxen owned by household, mobile phone ownership, education level of the household head and access to extension services significantly affected the probability of any improved bread wheat variety adoption. The intensity of improved bread wheat variety adoption was significantly associated with ownership of main plots, participation in on-farm demonstrations, perception towards shattering problems of local bread wheat varieties, and annual income of household. The findings of this study highlight the importance of economic(such as number of oxen) and institutional(such as access to extension) factors related to agricultural extension and communication, the participation of farmers in on-farm demonstrations, wealth creation and acknowledging farmers’ perception regarding improved bread wheat variety attributes. Development interventions should strive to target such economic, institutional, and psychological factors to promote wider adoption of improved bread wheat technologies.

SOME ELEMENTS OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF WINTER BREAD WHEAT VARIETY ‘KRASA DONA’

The climate of the Rostov region is gradually becoming arid. Therefore, winter wheat crops suffer from autumn drought, which results in germination decrease and the necessity to increase the seeding rate. However, new varieties developed in the Agricultural research center “Donskoy” have high energy of tillering both in autumn and in spring, which makes it possible to reduce the seeding rates without crop productivity decrease. The purpose of the current study was to determine the optimal seeding rates for soft winter wheat variety ‘Krasa Dona’ at different planting dates, which allow obtaining high yields with maximum economic efficiency of grain production. The trials were carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2017–2019. The current study has shown that planting dates significantly affect the productivity of winter bread wheat variety ‘Krasa Dona’ sown after such preceding crops as weedfree fallow and sunflower. When the variety was sown in a weedfree fallow on September 10, the productivity was 7.43–7.62 t/ha, on September 20 it was 8.12–8.26 t/ha, on September 30 it was 7.96–8.11 t/ha, on October 10 it was 7.31–7.62, i.e. there was a significant difference between the variants with seeding rates only at the late sowing period. The seeding rate increase at the late sowing periods, even with profitability decrease, has contributed to an additional conditional net income of up to 1470–1670 rubles/ha due to productivity improvement. Depending on a sowing period, the productivity of the winter bread wheat sown after sunflower was 5.23–5.92 t/ha. Furthermore, an increase in seeding rate from 5 to 6–7 million/ha resulted in productivity increase only by 0.08–0.23 t/ha. When ‘Krasa Dona’ was sown on September 20, September 30 and October 10, the maximum conditional net income 27554–32174 rubles/ha at a seeding rate of 6 million/ha was obtained, that was 536–1064 rubles/ha more than in the variant with a seeding rate of 5 million/ha. Different planting dates and seeding rates had no significant effect on the qualitative traits of grain.