scholarly journals Sunflower hybrid Status

Author(s):  
O.F. Gorbachenko ◽  
◽  
T.V. Usatenko ◽  
N.S. Luchkina ◽  
N.A. Zhitnik ◽  
...  

The widespread saturation of crop rotations with sunflower crops contributed to the creation of favorable conditions for the emergence and wide distribution of new more aggressive races of broomrape, downy mildew and other pathogens of this crop. Sunflower varieties and hybrids resistant to previously common races have become severely affected. One of the ways to solve this problem is to develop sunflower hybrids resistant to new virulent races. The breeders had to combine high productivity and genes of resistance to new more aggressive races of broomrape and downy mildew in one genotype. The first stage of the work was development of a new breeding germplasm and selection of parental lines with breeding valuable traits from it. Based on these lines, there were developed hybrid combinations resistant to new highly virulent races of broomrape and downy mildew. The hybrid Status was developed by hybridization of a maternal line ED 47 and a paternal line ED 193. The maternal line ED 47 is single-headed, low height, resistant to the broomrape races: E, F, G, has a good combining ability. The paternal line ED 193 is branched, also resistant to broomrape (races E, F, G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). The hybrid Status belongs to the middle-early maturity group, duration of the growing season is 95 days. The average plant height over the years of testing was 140 cm; the plants are uniformed in height and the duration of the development phases. Seed yield of the hybrid Status exceeded the standard one (a hybrid Gorstar) by 0.25 t/ha, and oil yield – by 0.14 t/ha. The oil content of the seeds was 48.0%, the huskiness – 28.7%, the 1000 seeds weight – 60.6 g. The new hybrid is resistant to seven races of broomrape (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). A distinctive feature of it is resistance of both parent lines to broomrape. The originator of a simple interline sunflower hybrid Status is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.

Author(s):  
G.N. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
R.S. Polyakova ◽  

The spring turnip rapeseed cultivar Gratsiya was developed at the Siberian experimental station – a branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by multiple individual and family selections from high-yielding, yellowseeded forms of the German cultivar Eldorado. In 2020, we isolated elite plant in the selection nursery by the main agronomic valuable traits: early maturity, high productivity, resistance to lodging, yellow seed color, low content of glucosinolates in the seeds and erucic acid in the oil. According to the results of three years competitive trials (2018–2020), 12 promising numbers with a growing season of 66–70 days were evaluated and a promising high-yielding number 31119 – the cultivar of type “000” Gratsiya was isolated. The cultivar of spring turnip rapeseed Gratsiya exceeded the standard cultivar Pobeda in seed yield by 0.21 t/ha and in oil yield by 0.08 t/ha. By the main agronomic traits, the cultivar Gratsiya differs from the standard one in lower content of glucosinolates in seeds (14.6 µmol/g) and erucic acid in oil (0.43 %). Seedlings are green, without wax coating, the plant is semi-dense, medium-branched, plant height of 120– 135 cm. The fruit is a pod, 5–7 cm long. Seeds are yellow, with an addition of brown – up to 2 %. Thousand-seed weight is 2.5–2.8 g. It is moderately drought-resistant, has uniform ripening, is suitable for mechanical harvesting, and is recommended for cultivation throughout the Russian Federation because of its early maturity.


Author(s):  
G.N. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
R.S. Polyakova ◽  

In 2020, we submitted the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 bred at the Siberian Experimental Station (branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops) to the State Commission of the Russian Federation on testing and protection of the selection achievements. We developed the variety by the method of multiple individual-family selection from the variety Avangard (All-Russian Research Institute of Rapeseed, Lipetsk). In 2012, there was identified an elite plant and further breeding work was carried out to improve the main economic traits: early maturity, productivity, oil content, resistance to lodging, seed falling and to the main pathogens. The general characteristics of the variety are high seed productivity and low content of glucosinolates in seeds. According to the results of the competitive variety trial (2018–2020), the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.29 t/ha and in oil yield by 0.12 t/ha. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, the variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.31 t/ha, in the conditions of the Lipetsk region – by 0.30 t/ha. The new variety is meant to for cultivation for seeds in the Volgo-Vyatka (4), Middle Volga (7), Ural (9), West Siberian (10), and East Siberian (11) regions. The originator of the variety Sibiryak 60 is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-393
Author(s):  
V. M. Lukomets ◽  
M. V. Trunovа ◽  
Ya. N. Demurin

Modern sunflower breeding is significantly diversified due to the different needs of agricultural production. The breeding of sunflower varieties and hybrids is carried out at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) in all areas in demand on the market and is based on fundamental biological research. In the field of breeding for faster maturing, the following commercial cultivars were obtained: very early maturing, cv. Skormas and the three-way hybrid Achilles, early maturing cvs. Varyag and Uspekh, medium maturing cvs. Amelie, Aris and Aurus. Within the framework of breeding for immunity, eight hybrids and one variety have been produced. So at the Don experimental station (Rostov region), productive hybrids were bred, resistant to the virulent broomrape of the G race due to the presence of the Or7 gene: ‘Gorstar’, ‘Gorfild’, ‘Grant’, ‘Status’, ‘Fogor’ and the three-way hybrid Nika. On the central experimental base, the following were obtained: the mid-early hybrid Typhoon and the earlymaturing variety Platonych with resistance to common races of downy mildew and a high oil content of achenes (up to 53 %) as well as the mid-early hybrid Tayzar, which is simultaneously resistant to virulent races of broomrape and to the causative agent of downy mildew. The early maturing large-fruited sunflower variety Belochka was included in the“Russian State Register of Selection Achievements…”, and the large-fruited varieties Karavan, Konditer and Kalibr are currently undergoing state tests. The breeding use of germplasm with genes for herbicide resistance wasaccompanied by their extensive genetic study. A practical recommendation for all three alleles of the ALS gene (Imr, CLHA-Plus, Sur) was the need to create homozygous hybrids for their reliable use in appropriate production systems. For Clearfield technology, the hybrids Imidzh, Arimi and Immi have been developed; for Clearfield Plus, the hybrid Klip; and for Express Sun (or SUMO), the hybrid Surus. Klip and Surus are mid-oleic. All newly developed fertile ornamental sunflower varieties – Aurelia, Fizalia, Zhemchuzhny, Rumyanets, Agat and Mazhor – were transferred for practical use to a sterile CMS RIG basis. Thus, new achievements have been attained across the entire spectrum of modern trends in sunflower breeding.


2020 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
A. V. Kornev ◽  
A. N. Khovrin ◽  
V. I. Leunov ◽  
S. N. Derevschukov ◽  
L. V. Sycheva

Relevance. Hybrid seed production of carrots is carried out on a three-line basis, which suggests the presence of a male sterile maternal line and a fertile paternal line. For the reproduction of a male sterile line, a maintainer line is needed. The process of creating an isogenic pair of a manly sterile line – a maintainer line is of great complexity. As a maintainer line, it is necessary to use only a plant – a homozygote Cyt N msms for the core genes providing sterility, but with a normal cytoplasm. The purpose of the work is the creation of maintainer line for the sterility of carrots from the population of the Rogneda variety.Methods. Research were carried out: in 2016, at the experimental base of the Voronezh Vegetable Experimental Station (Voronezh Region); in 2017 - 2019, at the breeding center of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow Region). The material for the work was seed plants and roots of the Rogneda variety and hybrid, inbred, backcross progenies obtained from this population. Breeding methods: hybridization, inbreeding. Crosses used: simple direct and complex return (backcrosses), inbreeding.Results.Research revealed the possibility of searching for a maintainer line in the Rogneda variety. The P43f inbred progeny is potential line B, which maintains the CMS trait of the petaloid type at 100%. Of the 67 hybrid progenies, only P43st x P43f was left, in which all plants with male sterility. 65 hybrid progenies contained both sterile and fertile plants. Associated 65 inbred progenies had sterile and fertile plants, i.e. it makes no sense to try to obtain a maintainer line is needed. The process of creating an isogenic pair of a manly sterile line – a maintainer line from such fertile plants. Hybrid progeny of P4st x P4f had 100% fertile plants. The inbred progeny of P4f was represented only by fertile plants. 


Author(s):  
Ya.N. Demurin ◽  
◽  
O.A. Rubanova ◽  

Pollen analysis makes it possible to determine the reproductive potential of sunflower plants by the morphological characteristics of pollen grains with the aim of breeding to increase yields. The research was carried out in 2019–2020 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. The objects of the research were plants of cultivated sunflower Helianthus annuus L.: four hybrids – Factor, Typhoon, Oxy and NK Brio, confectionery variety Djinn, two parental lines of the hybrid Oxy – VK876 B and VK195, as well as a perennial wild growing hexaploid species H. tuberosus L. Pollen was stained with acetoorcein and viewed under a microscope Micros MS 20. The diameter of pollen grains in the hybrids Factor, NK Brio, Typhoon, Oxy, the line VK195 and the cultivar Djinn varied from 34 to 31 μm. The line VK876 B and H. tuberosus were characterized by the lowest values of this trait – 29 and 27 μm, respectively. For the line VK876 B and the hybrid Oxy, significant morphological heterogeneity of pollen was observed, which was expressed in a correspondingly high proportion of abnormal pollen grains – 34 and 26%. At the same time, there was a two-peak distribution of the values of the diameter of pollen grains. The morphological heterogeneity of the pollen grains of the hybrid Oxy is associated with the dominant inheritance of this trait from the maternal CMS-form VK876 A, since the paternal line VK195 has a normal characteristic of pollen grains. The pollen of the hybrid NK Brio showed a significantly higher (by 25%) seed setting in crossing with the CMS tester than that of the hybrid Oxy, which confirms the assumption that there is a relation between an increased proportion of abnormal pollen grains and reduced pollen fertility.


Author(s):  
A.A. Detsyna ◽  
◽  
V.I. Khatnyansky ◽  
I.V. Illarionova ◽  
Ya.N. Demurin ◽  
...  

The variety Aladdin is the new confectionary sunflower variety. It is developed in the laboratory of OP-sunflower breeding jointly with the laboratory of genetic at the V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2014– 2020. It is developed by crossing plants of a line VK 1-imi (Imr Imr) used as a maternal form and a pollen mixture of an early maturing confectionary sunflower variety, with the further treatment by the herbicide Euro-Lightning. Later, there were conducted a multiple individual selection and estimation in progenies of families that were the best by their morphometric and economically valuable traits, tolerance to broomrape races E, F, and G and to downy mildew. The variety belongs to the middle maturity group, confectionary type. The major features of the cultivar Aladdin are its resistance to imi-herbicides, high productivity, tolerance to the main races of broomrape and downy mildew, increased level of autofertility. The variety is suitable for cultivation by Clearfield (BASF) technology. It is uniformed by plants height, flowering and maturing. A period emergence – physiological maturity is equal to 97–99 days. Weight of 1000 seeds at plant population of 25–30 thousand plants/ha exceeds 130 g.


OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S. Bushnev ◽  
Yakov N. Demurin ◽  
Gennady I. Orekhov

We carried out the research in 2018–2019 in the Western Ciscaucasia on leached chernozem, low-humus, extra-heavy, heavy-loamy to study the possibility of cultivation of new sunflower genotypes with a compact habitus at a high plant density (80 000, 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha) and a row width of 35 cm. We chose sunflower hybrids of the breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops with the normal (Triumph and Berkut) and the erectoid (Triumph er-2, Triumph Er-3, Berkut er-2, Berkut Er-3) leaf position as an object of research. The high lodging capacity of the erectoid hybrids Triumph еr-2 (30.2%) and Triumph Еr-3 (10.9%) suggests potential yield losses due to non-threshing of heads during the combine harvesting. The highest productivity and oil content of seeds of normal and erectoid hybrids was obtained at the plant density of 80 000 plants/ha. The densification of sowings to 100 000 and 120 000 plants/ha led to a decrease in the traits of yield structure and productivity. The limited resources of the environment do not allow achieving both high productivity and product quality in sowings with the plant density exceeding 80 000 plants/ha. The compact habitus of sunflower plants is not a determining factor in the development of productivity of sowings with a high plant density.


2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е.Л. Макарова ◽  
Л.А. Чистякова ◽  
О.В. Бакланова ◽  
Ю.В. Борцова

Приведены экспериментальные данные оценки по хозяйственно полезным признакам одиннадцати новых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца в условиях весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области. Проблема возделывания теплолюбивых культур в северных регионах страны формирует цели селекционных исследований. Выращивание культуры огурца в Кировской области усугубляется неблагоприятными климатическими условиями второй световой зоны (короткая продолжительность вегетационного периода, низкие положительные температуры, заморозки в третьей декаде июля и в первой декаде августа). Цель научной работы – оценка и выявление перспективных партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца для выращивания в условиях необогреваемых теплиц в весенне-летнем обороте второй световой зоны. Исследования проводили в лаборатории северного овощеводства Кировской области во Всероссийском научно – исследовательском институте овощеводства – филиале ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц в течение 2018-2019 годах. В результате фенологических наблюдений и оценки биометрических показателей определены раннеспелость, скороспелость и товарность испытуемых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца селекции Агрохолдинга «Поиск» и ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства»: F1Авоська, F1 Атос, F1 Букет для мамы, F1Малахитовая шкатулка, F1 Мультифрут, F1 Новатор, F1Пилигрим, F1 Спринтер, F1 Реванш, F1 Тонус, F1Экспресс в сравнении с районированным гибридом огурца F1 Каролина. Определено сильное негативное влияние климатических условий второй световой зоны на продолжительность периода «всходы-плодоношение», который в среднем за годы исследований в зависимости от гибрида варьировал от 47 до 55 суток. Установлено, что для получения ранней продукции огурца в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц Кировской области следует выращивать гетерозисные партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1Спринтер (3,6 кг/м2), F1 Авоська (2,1 кг/м2) и F1 Атос (2,5 кг/м2). Отмечены партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Спринтер и F1 Атос, которые имеют наиболее высокий выход товарной продукции 95,7 и 94,0%, соответственно. Выделен самый урожайный партенокарпический гибрид огурца F1 Новатор (16,1 кг/м2). В результате исследовательской работы рекомендовано выращивать в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Новатор, F1 Спринтер, F1 Атос и F1 Авоська. The article presents the experimental data on the assessment of economically useful traits of eleven new parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids under the conditions of the spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region. The problem of cultivation of thermophilic crops, which arises in the northern regions of the country, is one of the stages of breeding research. The cultivation of cucumber in the Kirov region is aggravated by unfavorable climatic conditions of the second light zone (short duration of the growing season, low positive temperatures, frosts in the third decade of July and in the first decade of August). The purpose of the scientific work is to evaluate and identify promising parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of cucumber for growing in unheated greenhouses in the spring-summer turnover of the second light zone. The research was carried out in the laboratory of northern vegetable growing of the Kirov region at the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre in the conditions of polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses during 2018-2019. As a result of phenological observations and assessment of biometric indicators, the early maturity, early maturity and marketability of the tested parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids of the selection of Agroholding Poisk and ARRIVG – a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre were determined: F1 Avoska, F1 Atos, F1 Buket dlya mamy, F1 Multifrut, F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim, F1Sprinter, F1 Revansh, F1 Tonus, F1 Express in comparison with the zoned hybrid of cucumber F1 Carolina. A strong negative influence of climatic conditions of the second light zone on the duration of the seedling-fruiting period was determined, which on average over the years of research, depending on the hybrid, varied from 47 to 55 days. It has been established that to obtain early production of cucumber in polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses of the Kirov region, heterotic parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter (3.6 kg/m2), F1 Avoska (2.1 kg/m2) and F1 Atos (2.5 kg/m2). Parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter and F1 Atos were noted, which have the highest yield of marketable products, 95.7 and 94.0%, respectively. The most productive parthenocarpic cucumber hybrid F1Novator (16.1 kg/m2) has been identified. As a result of the research work, it was recommended to grow parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1Novator, F1 Sprinter, F1 Atos and F1 Avoska under conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region.


Author(s):  
R. V. Kulyan

The Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops has the citrus germplasm collection, in total over 150 genotypes of various origins including 30 wild and semi-wild relatives. As a result of controlled hybridization in 17 crossings combinations of with the participation of relatives of citrus plants, new 769 hybrid offspring were obtained, which combine the traits of both the maternal and paternal genotypes. Analyzing the populations, promising combinations were highlighted: C. reticulata × Fortunella margarita (47.1%); C. x natsudaidai × 3252 (42.1%) and C. reticulata × C. reticulata ‘Cleopatra’ (40.9%) to create the gene pool of distant hybrids. From the mentioned combinations of crossings the greatest percent of seedlings which phenotypes tend to cultivated varieties was received. This hybrid material is a valuable source for isolating forms that are resistant to extreme environmental factors. According to phenotypic characteristics, hybrids were divided into three categories: I – Cultural, II – Semi-wild and III – Wild. Of the first category, the largest number 87 prospective forms were selected, and can be of interest for further breeding. As a result of the study of interspecific hybrid seedlings, 137 promising forms have been identified, which are carriers the complex traits such as dwarfism, thornless, early maturity and increased winter hardiness. From this set 17 genotypes were selected, which received the status of an elite forms, which successfully pass the primary test, and will be also useful in further breeding work for creating sources with a complex of positive traits and on breeding new varieties of citrus crops resistant to growing conditions.


Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Koike ◽  
P. A. Nolan ◽  
S. A. Tjosvold ◽  
K. L. Robb

In California, hybrid statice (Misty series; Limonium bellidifolium × Limonium latifolium) is grown as a commercial cutflower crop in fields and greenhouses. In 1997, downy mildew was observed on statice plantings in both southern (San Diego County) and central (Monterey and Santa Cruz counties) parts of coastal California. Initial symptoms consisted of light green, irregularly shaped leaf spots that, after a few days, became chlorotic. As disease progressed, chlorotic spots coalesced and turned necrotic, at times resulting in extensive death of leaf tissues. Under favorable conditions, the purple to gray sporulation of the pathogen could be seen on abaxial surfaces of leaves. Conidiophores had main trunks with dichotomous branches and measured 194 to 335 μm in length (mean = 229 μm) from the base to the first branches and 7 to 8 μm across at the widest part. Branch ends were slender with curved tips that measured 5 to 8 μm long. Conidia were ovoid to globose with very short pedicels, and measured 14 to 19 μm × 14 to 17 μm. Conidial surfaces appeared slightly roughened when viewed with a scanning electron microscope. Clearing leaf sections with 10% NaOH (1) revealed the presence of yellow-brown, globose oospores that measured 31 to 47 μm. The pathogen was identified as Peronospora statices (1). Pathogenicity was demonstrated by pressing leaves with abundant sporulation against healthy leaves of test plants (Misty White) and then placing inoculated plants in a humidity chamber. After 10 to 12 days, symptoms similar to those originally observed developed on inoculated plants; after 14 to 16 days, purple fungal growth morphologically similar to the original isolates grew on leaves. Uninoculated control plants did not develop symptoms or signs of downy mildew. This is the first report of downy mildew caused by P. statices on statice in California and the rest of the United States. The disease has also been confirmed on Blue Fantasia (L. bellidifolium × L. perezii). This disease has been reported previously in Italy, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom (1). Reference: (1) G. S. Hall et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 103:471, 1997.


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