scholarly journals An Update on the Global Burden and Socioeconomics of Scabies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-542
Author(s):  
Katelyn Urban ◽  
Rachel Lynn Giesey ◽  
Maria Delost ◽  
Gregory Raymond Delost
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Disease Study

Introduction: Scabies represents a significant burden worldwide, but epidemiologically, how it relates to socioeconomic status, and impact of recent global interventions remains largely unknown.Methods: We analyzed global scabies trends from 2015 to 2017 in 195 countries worldwide through the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database, including age-standardized prevalence rates, relationship to comorbidities, and age and sex patterns. We also compared scabies burden to a country’s socioeconomic status by using disability-adjusted life years and socio-demographic index, respectively. Results: The age-specific prevalence rate in 2017 demonstrated a right skewed distribution with a peak between 15 and 20 years of age, and a roughly equal male:female ratio across all ages. Scabies burden was higher in resource-poor countries. The world regions of Oceania, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and tropical Latin America had the greatest prevalence of scabies. The individual countries with highest scabies burden were Papua New Guinea (age-standardized DALYs 148.2), Solomon Islands (140.5), Kiribati (139.9), Timor-Leste (138.2) and the Maldives (134.9). A positive linear relationship exists between scabies burden and burden of rheumatic fever and bacterial skin disease.Conclusion: The burden of scabies is highest in children, adolescents, tropical climates, and low income countries. Rheumatic fever and bacterial skin disease burden is higher in areas where scabies burden is also higher. These global data may potentially serve as a purposeful measure for directing resources to improve the global burden of scabies. 

scholarly journals Global, regional and national burden of emergency medical diseases using specific emergency disease indicators: analysis of the 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e000733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Razzak ◽  
Mohammad Farooq Usmani ◽  
Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study

ObjectiveThere are currently no metrics for measuring population-level burden of emergency medical diseases (EMDs). This study presents an analysis of the burden of EMDs using two metrics: the emergency disease mortality rate (EDMR) and the emergency disease burden (EDB) per 1000 population at the national, regional and global levels.MethodsWe used the 1990 and 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study for morbidity and mortality data on 249 medical conditions in 195 countries. Thirty-one diseases were classified as ‘emergency medical diseases’ based on earlier published work. We developed two indicators, one focused on mortality (EDMR) and the other on burden (EDB). We compared the EDMR and EDB across countries, regions and income groups and compared these metrics from 1990 to 2015.ResultsIn 2015, globally, there were 28.3 million deaths due to EMDs. EMDs contributed to 50.7% of mortality and 41.5% of all burden of diseases. The EDB in low-income countries is 4.4 times that of high-income countries. The EDB in the African region is 273 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 1000 compared with 100 DALYs per 1000 in the European region. There has been a 6% increase in overall mortality due to EMDs from 1990 to 2015. Globally, injuries (22%), ischaemic heart disease (17%), lower respiratory infections (11%) and haemorrhagic strokes (7%) made up about 60% of EMDs in 2015.ConclusionGlobally, EMDs contributed to more than half of all years of life lost. There is a significant disparity between the EDMR and EDB between regions and socioeconomic groups at the global level.

scholarly journals Global estimated Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) of diarrheal diseases: A systematic analysis of data from 28 years of the global burden of disease study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259077
Author(s):  
Natacha U. Karambizi ◽  
Christopher S. McMahan ◽  
Carl N. Blue ◽  
Lesly A. Temesvari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Background Diarrheal disease (DD)-associated mortality has declined since 1990; however, the incidence of DD has experienced a less-pronounced decrease. Thus, it is important to track progress in managing DD by following loss of healthy years. A disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which combines data on years-of-life lost (YLL) and years-lived with-disability (YLD), is a metric that can track such a burden. Methods and findings Using all 28 years of data in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we compared DD DALYs among different demographic subsets including sex, age, country, and World Bank (WB) income level. We also evaluated DD DALYs as a function of the socio-demographic index (SDI), a measure of a region’s socio-demographic development. On a global level, DD DALYs have decreased by approximately 85.43% from 1990 to 2017. Incidence and prevalence have decreased by 1.53% and 4.45%, respectively. A dramatic decrease in DD DALYs were observed for WB low-income countries, but not for WB high-income constituents. The temporal decrease in DD DALY rates in WB low-income countries was likely driven by a decrease in YLL. Alternatively, temporal increases in both YLL and YLD may have contributed to the apparent lack of progress in WB high-income countries. Regardless of WB income classification, children under the age of five and the elderly were the most vulnerable to DD. In nearly every year from 1990 to 2017, DD DALYs for females were higher than those for males in WB high-income regions, but lower than those for males in WB low-income constituents. The reason for these differences is not known. We also observed that the rate of DD DALYs was highly correlated to SDI regardless of WB income classification. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the only temporal study of DD DALYs that encompasses all 28 years of data available from the GBD. Overall, our analyses show that temporal reductions in DD DALYs are not equivalent across regions, sexes and age groups. Therefore, careful attention to local and demography-specific risk factors will be necessary to tailor solutions in region- and demography-specific manners.

scholarly journals Global Need for Physical Rehabilitation: Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago S. Jesus ◽  
Michel D. Landry ◽  
Helen Hoenig
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs

Background: To inform global health policies and resources planning, this paper analyzes evolving trends in physical rehabilitation needs, using data on Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017. Methods: Secondary analysis of how YLDs from conditions amenable to physical rehabilitation have evolved from 1990 to 2017, for the world and across countries of varying income levels. Linear regression analyses were used. Results: A 66.2% growth was found in estimated YLD Counts amenable to physical rehabilitation: a significant and linear growth of more than 5.1 billion YLDs per year (99%CI: 4.8–5.4; r2 = 0.99). Low-income countries more than doubled (111.5% growth) their YLD Counts amenable to physical rehabilitation since 1990. YLD Rates per 100,000 people and the percentage of YLDs amenable to physical rehabilitation also grew significantly over time, across locations (all p > 0.05). Finally, only in high-income countries Age-standardized YLD Rates significantly decreased (p < 0.01; r² = 0.86). Conclusions: Physical rehabilitation needs have been growing significantly in absolute, per-capita and in percentage of total YLDs, globally and across countries of varying income level. In absolute terms, growths were higher in lower income countries, wherein rehabilitation is under-resourced.

scholarly journals Global Need for Physical Rehabilitation: Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Jesus ◽  
Michel Landry ◽  
Helen Hoenig
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs

Background: To inform global health policies and resources planning, this paper analyzes evolving trends in physical rehabilitation needs, using data on Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017. Methods: Secondary analysis of how YLDs from conditions likely benefiting from physical rehabilitation have evolved from 1990 to 2017, for the world and across countries of varying income levels. Linear regression analyses were used. Results: A 66.2% growth was found in estimated YLD Counts germane to physical rehabilitation: a significant and linear growth of more than 5.1 billion YLDs per year (99% CI: 4.8–5.4; r2 = 0.99). Low-income countries more than doubled (111.5% growth) their YLD Counts likely benefiting from physical rehabilitation since 1990. YLD Rates per 100,000 people and the percentage of YLDs likley benefiting from physical rehabilitation also grew significantly over time, across locations (all p > 0.05). Finally, only in high-income countries did Age-standardized YLD Rates significantly decrease (p < 0.01; r2 = 0.86). Conclusions: Physical rehabilitation needs have been growing significantly in absolute, per-capita and in percentage of total YLDs. This growth was found globally and across countries of varying income level. In absolute terms, growths were higher in lower income countries, wherein rehabilitation is under-resourced, thereby highlighting important unmet needs.

scholarly journals Burden of injuries in Nepal, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supp 1) ◽  
pp. i57-i66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa Raj Pant ◽  
Amrit Banstola ◽  
Santosh Bhatta ◽  
Julie A Mytton ◽  
Dilaram Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Disease Study

BackgroundNepal is a low-income country undergoing rapid political, economic and social development. To date, there has been little evidence published on the burden of injuries during this period of transition.MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is a comprehensive measurement of population health outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality. We analysed the GBD 2017 estimates for deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injuries to ascertain the burden of injuries in Nepal from 1990 to 2017.ResultsThere were 16 831 (95% uncertainty interval 13 323 to 20 579) deaths caused by injuries (9.21% of all-cause deaths (7.45% to 11.25%)) in 2017 while the proportion of deaths from injuries was 6.31% in 1990. Overall, the injury-specific age-standardised mortality rate declined from 88.91 (71.54 to 105.31) per 100 000 in 1990 to 70.25 (56.75 to 85.11) per 100 000 in 2017. In 2017, 4.11% (2.47% to 6.10%) of all deaths in Nepal were attributed to transport injuries, 3.54% (2.86% to 4.08%) were attributed to unintentional injuries and 1.55% (1.16% to 1.85%) were attributed to self-harm and interpersonal violence. From 1990 to 2017, road injuries, falls and self-harm all rose in rank for all causes of death.ConclusionsThe increase in injury-related deaths and DALYs in Nepal between 1990 and 2017 indicates the need for further research and prevention interventions. Injuries remain an important public health burden in Nepal with the magnitude and trend of burden varying over time by cause-specific, sex and age group. Findings from this study may be used by the federal, provincial and local governments in Nepal to prioritise injury prevention as a public health agenda and as evidence for country-specific interventions.

Socio-economic disparity in the global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss: an analysis for 2017 and the trend since 1990

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106556
Author(s):  
Hongjie Zhou ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Huina Zhang ◽  
Aiqing Yu ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Occupational Noise ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Economic Disparity ◽  
Life Years

ObjectivesTo evaluate socio-economic disparity in the global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).MethodsThe numbers of DALYs due to ONIHL, age-standardised DALY rates and national human development index (HDI) data from 1990 to 2017 were collected. The relationship between the age-standardised DALY rates and the 2017 HDI was analysed. A concentration index (CI) and a relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated to evaluate the trend in socio-economic disparity in the burden of ONIHL for the period 1990–2017.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2017, the global DALYs due to ONIHL increased from 3.3 to 6.0 million, with the highest growth occurring in low-income countries (110.7%). Age-standardised DALY rates due to ONIHL were negatively associated with the HDI (β = −0.733, p<0.001), and these rates were significantly higher in countries with a lower HDI. From 1990 to 2017, the trend in between-country inequality was flat with little fluctuation, the CIs stayed near −0.17, and the RIIs remained near 0.35.ConclusionsOver the past few decades, low-income countries have experienced the most rapid growth in DALYs worldwide. A widening socio-economic disparity has persisted in the global burden of ONIHL, with a higher burden in lower socio-economic countries. These data suggest that more prevention programmes and healthcare services should be provided for developing countries.

scholarly journals P.028 Global surgery for pediatric hydrocephalus in the developing world: a review of the history, challenges, and future directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S20-S20
Author(s):  
S Wang ◽  
RT Muir ◽  
BC Warf
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Surgery ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Pediatric Hydrocephalus ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Education Gaps

Background: Pediatric hydrocephalus is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions and is a major contributor to the global burden of surgically treatable diseases. Methods: The authors conducted a literature review around the topic of pediatric hydrocephalus in the context of global surgery, the unique challenges to creating access to care in low-income countries, and current international efforts to address the problem. Results: Developing countries face the greatest burden of pediatric hydrocephalus due to high birth rates and greater risk of neonatal infections. This burden is related to more general global health challenges, including malnutrition, infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal risk factors, and education gaps. Unique challenges pertaining to the treatment of hydrocephalus in the developing world include a preponderance of postinfectious hydrocephalus, limited resources, and restricted access to neurosurgical care. In the 21st century, several organizations have established programs that provide hydrocephalus treatment and neurosurgical training in Africa, Central and South America, Haiti, and Southeast Asia. These international efforts have employed various models to achieve the goals of providing safe, sustainable, and cost-effective treatment. Conclusions: Broader commitment from the pediatric neurosurgery community, increased funding, public education, surgeon training, and ongoing surgical innovation will be needed to meaningfully address the global burden of untreated hydrocephalus.

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