Production of Melanin from Aspergillus fumigatus as an Avirulence Factor

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Anmar Sael Hussein ◽  
Saja Jamal Noman
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Wave Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

In this quantitative examination of melanin was detected in 41 isolates of fumigatus. It was found that the significance of the difference in which the production of melanin (p ˂ 0.001) was the range of melanin extracted from fumigatus between (1.2 - 3.1 mg/mL). The isolates AFU1, AFU14, AFU29, AFU30, and AFU41 indicated that the maximum production ranged between (2.9-3.1 mg/mL). 2 hours at 100°C. It has similarities with standard melanin characters, and the same chemical characters of melanin extracted from the hymen of Bjerkandara adusta have been achieved according to a study (14) meaning there is similarity with standard melanin. The overlay of IR spectra of synthetic melanin extracted from fungal cultures showed a high degree of similarity. Purification of melanin from A. fumigatus. Wave numbers shown in 3381, 2927, 1867, 1531, 1404, 1073 and 651 cm-1 The wave range can be traced to the following chemical groups: 3381 cm-1 attributed to OH bonds, 2927 cm-1 to HC or HC = 0 bonds 1404 (C-CH3), and 651 cm -1 to (acyclic) CH2 bonds.

Using Cluster Analysis to Improve Marketing Experiments

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Day ◽  
Roger M. Heeler
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Reduced Space ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Sensitive Experiment ◽  
Selection Of

When the selection of a sample of stores or cities requires a high degree of similarity among the test units in order to ensure a sensitive experiment, the sample may no longer represent the market. These conflicting requirements can be satisfied by choosing the sample from clusters displayed in a reduced space representation of the market.

Are Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker & Pritchard and Tetranychus malaysiensis Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) one species? Morphological and molecular evidences for synonymy between these two spider mite species and a note on invasiveness of T. macfarlanei on okra and eggplant in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Mahran Zeity ◽  
Nagappa Srinivas ◽  
Chinnamade Channegowde Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Study of morphological characters of Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker & Pritchard and Tetranychus malaysiensis Ehara revealed high similarity by comparing all the important characters in addition to the characters pointed out by Ehara to separate those two species. Molecular phylogeny of seven Indian populations of T. macfarlanei and one population of T. malaysiensis from Philippines along with few distantly related species of Tetranychus was attempted. High degree of similarity between these two species at mitochondrial COI gene (96%) as well as ITS2 (rDNA) (96–99%) region was evident. Based on both morphological features and molecular data, T. malaysiensis is proposed as a junior synonym of T. macfarlanei based on ICZN’s law of priority. Also more female characters are prompted in this study to distinctly discriminate T. macfarlanei from its most resembling species, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher. Tetranychus macfarlanei has emerged as a pest of several cultivated crop plants in India. 

Jesus in the World of Religions a Preliminary Plotting of a Route Map

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-334
Author(s):  
Gerhard Van Den Heever
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
The World ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

AbstractIn a comparative study the issue is raised about the relationship between the construction of the saviour-image in Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism and Hinduism. The historical links between these traditions are highlighted and then the article proceeds to argue that when compared, the projections of the images of Jesus and Buddha, Jesus and Zoroaster and Jesus and Krishna exhibit a high degree of similarity. In the process questions are asked about the nature of religion and the value of comparative study.

Gebruiksaspecten van het uitroeppartikel wat in het Nederlands en Fries

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-209
Author(s):  
Henk Wolf
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lexical Phrase ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Lexical Phrases

Abstract Both Dutch and (West) Frisian make use of the exclamative particle wat (‘how’), that adds an element of surprise about a high degree of something to the semantics of the sentence. In this paper I will first show the similarities between the use of the particle in the two languages. I will demonstrate that, in Dutch, its use is largely confined to constructions that are semantically scalable, whereas in Frisian this restriction is far less strict. I will explain the difference by showing that Dutch wat is a syntactic amplifier of lexical phrases, whereas Frisian wat has developed into a pragmatic amplifier of the core predicate. I will try to account for that difference by showing how homophonous words absent in Dutch are likely to have influenced the use of Frisian wat, and how Dutch prosody strengthens the connection between wat and the amplified lexical phrase, whereas Frisian prosody weakens it. Finally, I will show that the system described as ‘Frisian’ is occasionally found in varieties of Dutch too

Dexmedetomidine upregulates the expression of miR-493-5p, inhibiting growth and inducing the apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting RASL11B

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bo Xu ◽  
Yiling Qian ◽  
Chunxiao Hu ◽  
Yongsheng Wang ◽  
Hong Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Reporter Assays ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Numerous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the development and progression of cancer. However, how changes to the expression levels of miRNAs in response to dexmedetomidine affects the progression of lung cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we treated the lung adenocarcinoma cell line-A549 with dexmedetomidine and then examined the changes to the expression levels of miRNAs. We found that one of the most significantly upregulated miRNAs was miR-493-5p, which has an important role in the growth and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. In addition, bioinformatics searches and luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-493-5p targets RASL11B, which has a high degree of similarity to RAS. Finally, database searches revealed that RASL11B is associated with survival of LUAD cells. In conclusion, dexmedetomidine causes changes to the expression levels of miRNAs in LUAD, including significant upregulation of miR-493-5p. MiR-493-5p targets RASL11B, thereby inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis in LUAD.

scholarly journals Origin, Traject and Distribution of Renal Arteries (Arteriae renalis) in Chinchilla lanigera

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Cristian MARTONOS ◽  
Cristian DEZDROBITU ◽  
Florin STAN ◽  
Aurel DAMIAN ◽  
Alexandru GUDEA
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Formaldehyde Solution ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Aorta Abdominalis ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

For the present study a number of 5 female chinchilla carcasses were used. The animals were slaughtered for commercial purpuses (fur). The anatomical dissection started with the identification of the aorta (Aorta abdominalis). The next step was the intra-arterial injection of a colouring substance. The carcasses was fixed in the formaldehyde solution and subsequently the renal arteries were dissected. The first renal artery was the right renal artery (Arteria renalis dextra) and, at 0,5 cm caudally, the left renal artery (Arteria renalis sinister) arose . The origin of those arteries were disposed on the lateral part of the abdominal aorta.The origin, traject and distribution of renal arteries on the studied species have a high degree of similarity with the literature dates described for leporids.

scholarly journals Histological and morphometric study of the uterus of the lowland bison

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 661-665
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Olbrych ◽  
Karolina Barszcz ◽  
Bartłomiej Bartyzel ◽  
Tomasz Szara ◽  
Marta Kupczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Study ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Epithelium Thickness ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
And Function ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Summary The European bison belongs to endangered species. Its restitution requires a complete knowledge of the structure and function of its genital organs. The aim of this study was a histological and morphometric examination of the uterus of immature and adult females. Material for the study came from 55 females living in the Białowieża Forest. According to the Polish law, the post mortem use of tissues does not require an approval from an ethics committee. The animals were divided into 2 groups: group I included 36 prepubertal females aged from 2 months to 1.5 years, while group II consisted of 19 sexually mature females aged 2 to 20 years. The samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Histological and morphometric examinations included measurements of the height of the epithelium, thickness of the endometrium, thickness of the myometrium, thickness of the inner and outer muscular layers, and thickness of the perimetrium. The results were analyzed using the STATISTICA 12.0™ software. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in all morphometric parameters examined. The results revealed a high degree of similarity of the histological structure of the uterus between European bison and domestic cattle.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of S Locus Genes, SLG and SRK, in a Pollen-Recessive Self-Incompatibility Haplotype of Brassica rapa L

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1587-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Hatakeyama ◽  
Takeshi Takasaki ◽  
Masao Watanabe ◽  
Kokichi Hinata
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Intron Sequence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Abstract In Brassica species that exhibit self-incompatibility, two genes, SLG and SRK, at the S locus are involved in the recognition reaction with self and non-self pollen. From a pollen-recessive S29 haplotype of Brassica rapa, both cDNA and genomic DNA clones for these two genes were isolated and characterized. The nucleotide sequence for the S domain of SRK29 showed a high degree of similarity with that of SLG29, and they belong to Class II type. RNA gel blot analysis showed that the transcript of SLG29 consisted of the first and second exons, and no other transcript containing any part of the intron sequence was detected. Because no transmembrane domain was encoded by the second exon of SLG29, SLG29 was designated a secreted type glycoprotein. SLGs of two other pollen-recessive haplotypes, S40 and S44, of B. rapa also had a similar structure to that of SLG29. Previously, SLG2 from a pollen-recessive haplotype, S2, of Brassica oleracea was found to produce two different transcripts, one for the secreted type glycoprotein and the other for a putative membrane-anchored form of SLG. Therefore, the nature of these SLGs from pollen-recessive haplotypes of B. rapa is different from that of SLG2 of B. oleracea.

scholarly journals Amplitude response of a telemetered seismic system from seismometers to digital acquisition system

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Di Giovambattista ◽  
S. Barba ◽  
A. Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signals ◽  
Amplitude Response ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
Steady State Method ◽  
Sinusoidal Current ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Seismic System

Automated amplitude response of the complete seismometer, telemetry and recording system js obtaiued trom sinusoidal inputs to the calibration coil. Custom-built software was designed to perform fully automatic cali- bration analyses of the digital signals. In this paper we describe the signals used for calibration and interactive and batch procedures designed to obtain calibration functions in automatic mode. By using a steady-state method we reach a high degree of accuracy in the determination of both the frequency and amplitude of the \ignal. The only parameters required by this procedure are the seismometer mass, the calibration-coil constant and the intensity of the current injected into the calibration coil. This procedure is applicable to telemetered seismic systems and represents an optimization of the processing time. The software was designed to requjre no modification" jf the device used to generate the sinusoidal current should change. In particular, it is possi- ble to changc the number of monotrequcncy packages transmitted to the calibration coil with the on]y restric- tion that the difference between the frequency of two consecutjve packages be greater than 5%; for these rea- sons the procedure is expected to be usefu] for the seismological community. The paper inc]udes a generaI de- scription of thc designing criteria, and of the hardware and software architecture, as well as an account of thc system's performancc during a two year period of operation.

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