scholarly journals Neonatal morbidity and mortality: A 5-year analysis at federal medical centre, Gusau, Zamfara State, Northwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sunday O. Onazi ◽  
Festus Dele Akeredolu ◽  
Musa Yakubu ◽  
Mohammed Nma Jiya ◽  
Ibrahim Jibrin Hano
Keyword(s):  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Special Care Baby Unit ◽  
Discharge Against Medical Advice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sub Saharan

Objectives: Neonatal morbidity and mortality have remained embarrassingly high in Nigeria compared to some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria ranked first in the burden of neonatal deaths in Africa. Therefore, there is need to know causes of newborn diseases and deaths in our neonatal unit. The objective of the study was to describe the morbidity and mortality of newborns admitted into Special Care Baby Unit of Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria over a 5-year period. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study covering January 2012 to December 2016. The case folders of all newborns admitted during this period were retrieved and the following information were extracted: Sex of babies, diagnoses, outcome in terms of discharges, deaths, referrals, and discharge against medical advice (DAMA). Results: A total of 3,553 neonates were admitted during the period under review. The sex ratio for males and females was 1.4:1, respectively. The major diagnoses were neonatal sepsis (NNS) 36.5%, birth asphyxia 25.6%, and prematurity 16.1%. Mortality rate was 6.6% with major contributions from birth asphyxia (35.6%), prematurity (28.1%), and NNS (12.0%). DAMA rate was 1.7%. Conclusion: This study has shown that NNS, birth asphyxia, and prematurity are the dominant causes of morbidity and mortality. These are largely preventable.

scholarly journals Pattern of Diseases and Outcomes of Neonatal Admission in Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
M O Ochoga ◽  
R O Abah ◽  
A Idoko ◽  
J O Dabit ◽  
A Ebonyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
State University ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Antenatal Services

The burden of neonatal morbidity and mortality remains a major health challenge, and contributes to deaths among children under the age of five years especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was to report the pattern of diseases and outcomes of neonatal admission over a three-year period. This retrospective study was conducted in the Special Care Baby Unit from January 2013 to December 2015. Data of all the patients admitted to the unit during the study period was analyzed for sex, gestational age, weight, duration of stay, diagnosis on admission, age at admission, outcome and causes of death. A total of 505 patients were admitted during the study period, 310(61.4%) were males and 195(38.6%) were females. There were 374(74.1%) term babies while 111(22.0%) preterm and 20(4.0%) were post term. Low birth weight accounted for 134(30.5%) of all the patients. The commonest cause of neonatal admission was sepsis 40.8%, followed by jaundice 21.0 %, and prematurity 14.1 %. Of the total admissions 86.3% were successfully treated and discharged, 4.2% discharged against medical advice and 9.5 % died. Neonatal deaths were commonly associated with birth asphyxia 31.3 %, followed by neonatal sepsis 27.1% and prematurity 25.0%. Majority (44.6%) of the infants were admitted on the second to seventh day of life. Improving antenatal services, delivery services and neonatal care will help to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Quality of Antenatal, Labour and Delivery Services in Selected Districts in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Clara Opha Haruzivishe
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services

Background: High Maternal and Neonatal Mortality Ratios persist in Sub-Saharan Africa despite increasing perinatal care coverage. This suggests that coverage alone is not adequate to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Quality of care should be the emphasis of maternal and child care services. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional multicentre study was conducted in selected health facilities in Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe using purposive sampling. A World Health Organization-WHO 2016 Quality of Maternal and New-born assessment Framework and the WHO (2015) Service Availability and Readiness Assessment tool were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS) version 24.0. Results: Less than 43% of the health facilities satisfied at least three of the five Performance Standards of availability and adequacy of Antenatal infrastructure and supplies. Regarding Antenatal processes/care, an observation was the most common performance standard satisfied by 70.6% of all health facilities assessed while less than 30% fulfilled all other standards. Only 57.1% of the health facilities satisfied 5 of the 11 standards for labour and delivery infrastructure, while only 55.6% of the Health facilities satisfied only two of the 13 standards of Labour and delivery care. Conclusion: To achieve a significant and sustainable reduction in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, there is a need for investment and improvement in maternity care services infrastructure and processes as opposed to focusing on mere attendance of Antenatal, and deliveries by trained birth attendants.

scholarly journals The toll of COVID-19 on African children: A descriptive analysis on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Rodriguez Velasquez ◽  
Lea Jacques ◽  
Jyoti Dalal ◽  
Paolo Sestito ◽  
Zahra Habibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, very little data on the epidemiological characteristics among the pediatric population in Africa has been published. This paper examines the age and sex distribution of the morbidity and mortality rate in children with COVID-19 and compares it to the adult population within 15 Sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: A merge line listing dataset using a reverse engineering model shared by countries within the Regional Office for Africa was analyzed. Patients diagnosed within 1 March 2020 and 1 September 2020 with confirmed positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Children data were stratified into three age groups: 0-4 years, 5-11 years, and 12-17 years, while adults were combined. The cumulative incidence of cases including its medians and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: 9% of the total confirmed cases and 2.4% of the reported deaths were pediatric cases. The 12-17 age group in all 15 countries showed the highest cumulative incidence proportion in children. COVID-19 cases in males and females under the age of 18 were evenly distributed. Among adults, a higher case incidence per 100,000 people was observed compared to children. Conclusion: The cases and deaths within the children population was smaller than the adult population. These differences can reflect biases in COVID-19 testing protocols and reporting implemented by countries, highlighting the need for more extensive investigation and focus on the effects of COVID-19 in children.

scholarly journals Morbidity and mortality of low birth weight babies in early neonatal period in a rural area teaching hospital, Telangana, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1582
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Pabbati ◽  
Preethi Subramanian ◽  
Mahesh Renikuntla
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Early Neonatal Period ◽  
Preterm Babies

Background: A baby’s weight at birth is a strong indicator of newborn health and nutrition. Low birth weight (LBW) babies are more susceptible to morbidities and mortality in early neonatal period than normal birth weight (NBW) babies. Among neonatal deaths, 80% occurs in LBW / preterm babies and 75% of total neonatal deaths occur in early neonatal period. The present study was undertaken to know the incidence and early neonatal outcome of LBW babies in rural area.Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in babies born with <2.5 kg (LBW) birth weight.Results: The incidence of LBW babies was 25.07% with almost an equal contribution from preterm (50.46%) and Term Intra Uterine Growth Restricted (IUGR) (49.53%) babies. The most common morbidity found in LBW babies was Jaundice (40.09%) followed by respiratory distress (18.16%), sepsis (8.72%) and apnea (4.48%). Preterm-LBW babies had more morbidities in terms of apnea (100%), birth asphyxia (88.88%), respiratory distress (87.01%%), sepsis (80.55%) and jaundice (67.64%). Early neonatal mortality was 21.22 per 1000 live births. Mortality was 100% for babies <1 kg in birth weight, 16% in 1-1.499 kg group and 0.75% in 1.5-2.499 kg group in early neonatal period. According to gestational age, mortality in preterm-LBW babies was 88.88% and 11.11% in Term IUGR-LBW babies. The most common cause of death in LBW babies was birth asphyxia (44.44%) followed by hyaline membrane disease (HMD) (33.33%).Conclusions: The present study revealed that preterm babies contributed 50% to incidence of LBW babies. Morbidity and mortality in LBW babies were inversely related to birth weight and gestational age.

scholarly journals The Need for the Right Socio-Economic and Cultural Fit in the COVID-19 Response in Sub-Saharan Africa: Examining Demographic, Economic Political, Health, and Socio-Cultural Differentials in COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Renzaho
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Political Health

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread quickly across the globe with devastating effects on the global economy as well as the regional and societies’ socio-economic fabrics and the way of life for vast populations. The nonhomogeneous continent faces local contextual complexities that require locally relevant and culturally appropriate COVID-19 interventions. This paper examines demographic, economic, political, health, and socio-cultural differentials in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The health systems need to be strengthened through extending the health workforce by mobilizing and engaging the diaspora, and implementing the International Health Regulations (2005) core capacities. In the absence of adequate social protection and welfare programs targeting the poor during the pandemic, sub-Saharan African countries need to put in place flexible but effective policies and legislation approaches that harness and formalise the informal trade and remove supply chain barriers. This could include strengthening cross-border trade facilities such as adequate pro-poor, gender-sensitive, and streamlined cross-border customs, tax regimes, and information flow. The emphasis should be on cross-border infrastructure that not only facilitates trade through efficient border administration but can also effectively manage cross-border health threats. There is an urgent need to strengthen social protection systems to make them responsive to crises, and embed them within human rights-based approaches to better support vulnerable populations and enact health and social security benefits. The COVI-19 response needs to adhere to the well-established ‘do no harm’ principle to prevent further damage or suffering as a result of the pandemic and examined through local lenses to inform peace-building initiatives that may yield long-term gains in the post-COVID-19 recovery efforts.

scholarly journals Opsonophagocytic Assay To Evaluate Immunogenicity of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Vaccines

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Ramachandran ◽  
Mary Adetinuke Boyd ◽  
Jennifer MacSwords ◽  
Ellen E. Higginson ◽  
Raphael Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Killing Assay ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Functional Antibodies ◽  
Opsonophagocytic Killing ◽  
Rabbit Complement

ABSTRACTNontyphoidalSalmonella(NTS) invasive infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Several vaccines are in development to prevent these infections. We describe an NTS opsonophagocytic killing assay that uses HL-60 cells and baby rabbit complement to quantify functional antibodies elicited by candidate NTS vaccines.

Observations on the dispersal and survival of a population of Aedes lineatopennis (Ludlow) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kenya

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Linthicum ◽  
C. L. Bailey ◽  
F. G. Davies ◽  
A. Kairo
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Female Dispersal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractAedes lineatopennis (Ludlow) is thought to be a vector and maintenance host for Rift Valley fever virus in Kenya and perhaps other parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Immature examples are often found in tremendous numbers in restricted, low lying habitats known as dambos. A dambo in Thika District, Central Province, Kenya, was artificially flooded to simulate the conditions occurring when this area naturally floods and induces the hatch of A. lineatopennis eggs. Observations on the dispersion and survival of the emerging adult population were made at a time when no other adult A. lineatopennis populations existed. More than 10% (87 511) of the estimated A. lineatopennis adults that emerged from the flooded dambo were collected during a 45-day period. The overall mean distance travelled by males in the 45 days after emergence was only 0·07 km. Female dispersal was interrupted but generally was with the prevailing wind. The overall mean distance travelled by females in the 44 days after emergence was 0·15 km. Mortality of both males and females was independent of age. The high daily survival rate of males (0·83) was not significantly different from that of the females (0·85).

In Her Lifetime: Female Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brockerhoff ◽  
Christopher P. Howson ◽  
Polly F. Harrison ◽  
Dana Hotra ◽  
Maureen Law
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals The Demographic, Social, and Economic Correlates of HIV Infection Status in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Bendavid ◽  
Kajal Claypool ◽  
Eric Chow ◽  
Jake Chung ◽  
Don Mai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Country Specific

Background. Predisposition to HIV+ is influenced by a wide range of correlated economic, environmental, demographic, social, and behavioral factors. While evidence among a candidate handful have strong evidence, there is lack of a consensus among the vast array of variables measured in large surveys. Methods. We performed a comprehensive data-driven search for correlates of HIV positivity in &gt;600,000 participants of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) across 29 sub-Saharan African countries from 2003 to 2017. We associated a total of 7,251 and of 6,288 unique variables with HIV+ in females and males respectively in each of the 50 surveys. We performed a meta-analysis within countries to attain 29 country-specific associations. Results. We identified 344 (5.4% out possible) and 373 (5.1%) associations with HIV+ in males and females, respectively, with robust statistical support. The identified associations are consistent in directionality across countries and sexes. The association sizes among individual correlates and their predictive capability was low to modest, but comparable to established factors. Among the identified associations, variables identifying being head of household among females was identified in 17 countries with a mean odds ratio (OR) of 2.5 (OR range: 1.1-3.5, R2 = 0.01). Other common associations were identified with marital status, education, age, and ownership of land or livestock. Conclusions. Our continent-wide search for variables has identified under-recognized variables associated with HIV+ that are consistent across the continent and sex. Many of the association sizes are as high as established risk factors for HIV+, including male circumcision.

scholarly journals Electrolyte abnormalities in asphyxiated newborns

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Satheesh Kumar D. ◽  
Thenmozhi M. ◽  
Kumar .
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Electrolyte Abnormalities

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in worldwide. It accounts for 23% of all neonatal deaths. Electrolyte abnormalities are more common in the immediate post asphyxiated period and influence neonatal the outcome effectively. Aim of this study was to measure the serum sodium, potassium and calcium levels in immediate postnatal period of asphyxiated newborns and assess the correlation with different degree of birth asphyxia.Methods: The serum sodium, potassium and calcium levels were measured in asphyxiated newborns in the early post-natal period. Both intramural and extramural newborns were included irrespective of their mode of delivery but according to the Apgar score. The measured electrolyte values were compared with the different severity of asphyxia. Results: Out of 100 newborns 53 had hyponatremia, 10 had hyperkalemia and 3 had hypocalcemia. The serum sodium and potassium levels showed significant P value (<0.00) with the different degree of both asphyxia but calcium levels were not significant (p valve = 0.06). There was a negative linear correlation with sodium and calcium levels and positive correlation with the serum potassium levels.Conclusions: Hyponatremia was significant in all stages of birth asphyxia, hyperkalemia was significant with increased severity of birth asphyxia and hypocalcemia was only weakly significant even in severe birth asphyxia.

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