scholarly journals Failing to fail: MUM effect and its implications in education

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Purvi Bhagat ◽  
Amrit Virk ◽  
Shaista M. Saiyad ◽  
Rajiv Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Mum Effect ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
Assessment Decisions

It is important to carry out the assessment of students correctly and in an unbiased way; but more importantly, the assessment decisions should also be conveyed to the students in an unbiased manner, even if the decisions are negative ones. But here lies the catch – many a times, assessors tend to shy away from conveying such negative decisions properly to the students due to various reasons. This article is an effort to identify such reasons and their implications in the education scenario.

Effect of Sex and Race Identification on Instrument Assignment by Music Educators

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Johnson ◽  
Erin E. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
Beginning Band ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Band Students ◽  
Full Head ◽  
Assessment Decisions ◽  
A Site ◽  
Race Identification

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sex and race identification on the assignment of instruments to beginning band students. Participants (N = 201) were music educators solicited by university professors across the United States. Participants completed an online survey about instrument assignments. Half the participants were sent to a site that had full-head pictures of 14 students and assigned them to one of six beginning band instruments. The other half of the participants were sent to a site that had pictures of the same students, but only the lips and dental aspects of the students' faces were visible. Results indicated that the ability to identify the sex and race of students had an effect only on the assignment of an instrument for 2 of the 14 students. No clear reason for the few differences could be linked to any sex or race factors; therefore, the assessment decisions are thought to be artifacts of individual pictures/students. The authors conclude that, generally, differences in instrument assignment could not be linked to the participants' ability to identify the sex or race of the student.

Prevalence of cerebral aneurysms in patients with persistent primitive trigeminal artery

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Cloft ◽  
Nasser Razack ◽  
David F. Kallmes
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Trigeminal Artery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Artery ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
Primitive Trigeminal Artery ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Saccular Aneurysms

Object. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cerebral saccular aneurysms in patients with persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA). The prevalence of cerebral saccular aneurysms in patients with PPTA previously has been reported to be 14 to 32%, but this rate range is unreliable because it is based on collections of published case reports rather than a series of patients chosen in an unbiased manner.Methods. The authors retrospectively evaluated their own series of 34 patients with PPTA to determine the prevalence of cerebral aneurysms in this population. The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in patients with PPTA was approximately 3% (95% confidence interval 0–9%).Conclusions. The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in patients with PPTA is no greater than the prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in the general population.

scholarly journals Construct Validity in Software Engineering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Sjøberg ◽  
Gunnar Bergersen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Minimalist Approach ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
Statistical Conclusion

Empirical research aims to establish generalizable claims from data. Such claims involve concepts that often must be measured indirectly by using indicators. Construct validity is concerned with whether one can justifiably make claims at the conceptual level that are supported by results at the operational level. We report a quantitative analysis of the awareness of construct validity in the software engineering literature between 2000 and 2019 and a qualitative review of 83 articles about human-centric experiments published in five high-quality journals between 2015 and 2019. Over the two decades, the appearance in the literature of the term construct validity increased sevenfold. Some of the reviewed articles we reviewed employed various ways to ensure that the indicators span the concept in an unbiased manner. We also found articles that reuse formerly validated constructs. However, the articles disagree about how to define construct validity. Several interpret construct validity excessively by including threats to internal, external, or statistical conclusion validity. A few articles also include fundamental challenges of a study, such as cheating and misunderstandings of experiment material. The diversity of topics discussed makes us recommend a minimalist approach to construct validity. We propose seven guidelines to establish a common ground for addressing construct validity in software engineering.

scholarly journals DVL3 is over-expressed in the tumors of breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Unbiased Manner

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (1) utilized for the treatment of adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer (2) in the United States and worldwide. We mined published and public microarray and gene expression data (3, 4) to discover in an unbiased manner the most striking transcriptional features of trastuzumab treatment. We identified significant differential expression of the gene encoding the Wnt pathway molecule dishevelled-3, DVL3 (5-7), in the primary tumors of breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab. DVL3 expression in primary tumors of the breast in patients treated with trastuzumab was significantly higher than in patients not treated with trastuzumab.

scholarly journals ZBTB6 is hyper-methylated and differentially expressed in the blood of patients with Crohn’s disease.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Disease Analysis ◽  
Broad Complex

Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease of the gastrointestinal tract (1), causes significant morbidity and nearly 3.5 billion dollars in lost economic productivity in the United States (2) due to complications of the disease. We mined transcriptome and methylome datasets (3, 4) to understand, in an unbiased manner, the most significant changes in gene expression and DNA methylation in the hematopoietic system of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). We identified the zinc finger and BTB (broad complex, tramtrack, bric-à-brac) domain-containing gene ZBTB6 (5, 6) as one of the most differentially expressed genes in the whole blood of patients with Crohn’s disease. Analysis of a separate data revealed that the ZBTB6 locus was one of the most differentially methylated sites globally in the blood of patients with Crohn’s disease when compared to the blood of healthy patients. ZBTB6 is differentially methylated and differentially expressed in the blood of patients with Crohn’s disease, and more significantly so than the vast majority of the human genome. These data point to inhibition of ZBTB6 gene expression by hyper-methylation of the ZBTB6 locus and suggest that titration of some function or transcriptional target of ZBTB6 may be an important event in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease.

scholarly journals Is Meteorological Evidence Relevant Enough in Legal Disputes? A Romanian Case Study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Ionac Nicoleta ◽  
Tudor Ion ◽  
Grigore Elena ◽  
Constantin Dana ◽  
Uriţescu Bogdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Severe Thunderstorm ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
The Law ◽  
Major Property ◽  
Town Area

Abstract The increasing frequency and intensity of climate and weather extremes due to ongoing climate changes can cause major property and infrastructure damage. Mainly representing unforeseen and unavoidable hazards, some environmental and business laws broadly assimilate them as force majeure situations, excepting parties affected by their impact from prior commitments. The present study, debating on the way law courts should broadly address the force majeure clause when objective and accurate evidence is being provided, describes the terms of a legal dispute between the owners of two neighboring buildings which have seriously been damaged by a severe thunderstorm developing over the Bucharest-Otopeni town area, on the 22nd July 2014. Consistent meteorological evidence (weather reports and forecasts, aerological diagrams, radar and satellite images, air-pressure distribution maps, synoptic messages etc.) have been presented to the law court to document, in an unbiased manner, on the extraordinary, external, unforeseen and unavoidable weather event representing the cause of a civil legal dispute. The extent to which the law court may take all these into consideration under the provisions of the force majeure clause is still to be explored.

OP171 Does Parallel Regulatory-Health Technology Assessment Reviews Affect Time To Health Technology Assessment Decisions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Jesmine Cai ◽  
Tina Wang ◽  
Neil McAuslane ◽  
Lawrence Liberti
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Regulatory Approval ◽  
Regulatory Submission ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Assessment Decisions ◽  
Health Canada

Introduction:Timely recommendation by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies for drug reimbursement is critical to ensure patient access to medicines of therapeutic value. In this study, HTA performance was examined in terms of their outcome and timing by looking at how 103 drugs, which gained regulatory approval from 2013 to 2015, were assessed by HTA agencies from 2014 to 2016.Methods:Products must have received regulatory approval from one of the following regulatory agencies: EMA (Europe), Health Canada (Canada) and TGA (Australia). The first HTA recommendations were then collected from PBAC (Australia), CADTH (Canada), HAS (France), IQWiG (Germany), SMC (Scotland) and TLV (Sweden). The HTA decisions were classified as positive, positive with restrictions, negative and multiple.Results:Eighty-four drugs were approved in Europe before Australia and Canada. Of the studied HTA agencies, PBAC had the highest percentage of products recommended within a year from regulatory approval (93 percent). In addition, Australia had the shortest median time between first regulatory submission by any of the three agencies and HTA recommendation (553 days) as compared to Europe (616 days) and Canada (722 days). This can be attributed to the TGA/PBAC parallel process. However, Australia has the highest proportion of products receiving a negative PBAC recommendation (62 percent).Conclusions:The majority of drugs were first submitted for reimbursement in Europe, but the time from regulatory submission to HTA decision was the fastest in Australia. This can be attributed to the TGA/PBAC parallel review process, which showed its benefit in reducing the overall time. A parallel review process is also available in Canada; however, it is not utilized as frequently by companies as in Australia.

scholarly journals False Discovery Rate Control in Cancer Biomarker Selection Using Knockoffs

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlina Shen ◽  
Han Fu ◽  
Kevin He ◽  
Hui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Unbiased Manner ◽  
Nonlinear Associations ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
False Discoveries

The discovery of biomarkers that are informative for cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment predictions is crucial. Recent advances in high-throughput genomics make it plausible to select biomarkers from the vast number of human genes in an unbiased manner. Yet, control of false discoveries is challenging given the large number of genes versus the relatively small number of patients in a typical cancer study. To ensure that most of the discoveries are true, we employ a knockoff procedure to control false discoveries. Our method is general and flexible, accommodating arbitrary covariate distributions, linear and nonlinear associations, and survival models. In simulations, our method compares favorably to the alternatives; its utility of identifying important genes in real clinical applications is demonstrated by the identification of seven genes associated with Breslow thickness in skin cutaneous melanoma patients.

Information Valuation Policies for Explainable Trustworthiness Assessment in E-Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 168-197
Author(s):  
Karen K. Fullam ◽  
K. Suzanne Barber
Keyword(s):  
Information Source ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
Assessment Decisions ◽  
Information Valuation ◽  
Information Providers ◽  
Relational History

Information e-services are useful for exchanging information among many users, whether human or automated agent; however, e-service users are susceptible to risk of inaccurate information, since users have no traditional face-to-face interaction or past relational history with information providers. To encourage use of information e-services, individuals must have technology to assess information accuracy and information source trustworthiness. This research permits automated e-service users—here called agents—acting on behalf of humans, to employ policies, or heuristics, for predicting information accuracy when numerous pieces of information are received from multiple sources. These intuitive policies draw from human strategies for evaluating the trustworthiness of information to not only identify accurate information, but also distinguish untrustworthy information providers. These policies allow the agent to build a user’s confidence in the trust assessment technology by creating justifications for trust assessment decisions and identifying particular policies integral to a given assessment decision.

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