scholarly journals Molecular genetic changes in gastric carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Juhi Singh ◽  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
Khushi Verma ◽  
Satyender Kumar Tiwary ◽  
Gopeshwar Narayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
New Biomarkers

Gastric cancer remains highly prevalent and accounts for a notable proportion of global cancer mortality and this is associated with poor survival rates. Understanding the molecular genetic changes of gastric carcinoma may offer an insight into its pathogenesis helps in identifying new biomarkers, aid prognostication, and novel treatment targets. Over a past few decades, advances in technology and high throughput analysis have improved understanding of the molecular genetic aspects of gastric cancer. In this article, hierarchy of the changes at genetic and molecular level including several aspects which are heterogenous and represents a wide spectrum such as tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, cellcycle regulators, apoptosis, cell-adhesion molecules, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, and epigenetic changes. The classification of gastric carcinoma at molecular and genetic level as well as hereditary gastric carcinoma is elaborated. The molecular genetic aspects regarding pathogenesis, changes and aberrations of all genes and pathways which are involved in gastric cancer are addressed in this review.

scholarly journals Study of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Expression in Gastric Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (47) ◽  
pp. 2747-2751
Author(s):  
Lekshmi Vijayakumaran Nair Lilly ◽  
Geetha Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Her2 Expression ◽  
Her2 Positive

BACKGROUND Gastric carcinoma is an important cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Majority of the patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease. The main treatment modalities are surgery and chemotherapy, but the survival rate of patients with advanced resectable gastric cancer remains poor. For patients with unresectable gastric cancer, chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice. Into this scenario comes the importance of newer targeted therapeutic agents which improve survival rates with acceptable toxicity effects. HER2 is a growth factor implicated in disease initiation and progression, and its expression is associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is detection of HER2 expression in gastric carcinoma and evaluate its relationship with the histopathological characteristics. This would be the stepping stone for patients with tumours that are HER2 positive who could benefit from targeted therapeutical agents like Trastuzumab. METHODS Gastrectomy specimens which were diagnosed as Gastric Carcinoma in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, during a period of two years were included in this study. Routine Haematoxylin and Eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for HER2 were done. RESULTS Thirty eight cases of gastric carcinoma were received during the study period. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma formed the bulk of the tumours (68.42 %), followed by the diffuse type adenocarcinoma (18.42 %). Of the 38 cases, 10 cases showed HER2 positivity. All the positive cases were intestinal type of adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that 26 % of gastric carcinomas showed positive immunoreaction for HER2 and HER2 overexpression was more in intestinal type adenocarcinomas. HER2 overexpression was also associated with higher stage tumours. There was no association with the patient’s age, gender, location of tumour and tumour differentiation. KEYWORDS Gastric Carcinoma, HER2 expression, Immunohistochemistry, Lauren Classification

Combined 5-fluorouracil and radiation therapy as a surgical adjuvant for poor prognosis gastric carcinoma.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1249-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Moertel ◽  
D S Childs ◽  
J R O'Fallon ◽  
M A Holbrook ◽  
A J Schutt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treatment Refusal ◽  
Clinical Recurrence ◽  
Treatment Assignment ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Regional Component

Sixty-two patients with resectable but poor-prognosis gastric carcinoma were randomized to either no surgical adjuvant therapy or treatment with 5-fluorouracil (15 mg/kg by rapid intravenous injection X 3) plus radiation (3,750 rad in 24 fractions) initiated 3 1/2 to six weeks postoperatively. Informed consent was obtained after randomization and only from the 39 randomized to treatment. Ten patients refused their treatment assignment. The five-year survival rate for patients randomized to treatment was 23%, and for those randomized to no treatment, 4% (P less than .05). Both the survival distributions and the alive-without-recurrence distributions were significantly different for the two groups (P = .024) and favored treatment assignment. When the treatment assignment group was broken down to those patients actually receiving treatment and those refusing, five-year survival rates were: treated, 20%; treatment refusal, 30%; controls, 4%; the three survival distributions were not significantly different. Thirty-nine percent of patients actually treated had a local-regional component of first clinical recurrence compared with 54% of those who received no treatment. This study does not establish 5-fluorouracil plus radiation as effective surgical adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer but suggests this approach as a possible fruitful area for continued research. This study also illustrates the potential problems that may be encountered in interpreting results when patients are randomized to a study before consent is obtained.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Tnm Staging ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Larynx ◽  
Serious Disease

Diagnostical problems of laryngeal carcinoma Carcinoma of the larynx is still a prognostic serious disease associated with high mortality. Survival rates for these tumors vary and depend on the presence of early symptoms, anatomic accessibility and lymphatic supply. Despite advances in therapy and novel surgical and non-surgical approaches, early diagnosis remains the best predictor of survival. Strategy and novel diagnostical procedures This article reviews the diagnosis for laryngeal carcinoma in an effort to heighten the clinical and endoscopic recognition of these lesions, providing also global overview of clinical conventional and recent endoscopic diagnostic tools for squamous cell type of carcinoma of the larynx. Screening of asymptomatic individuals would detect tumors at an early enough stage to patients' benefit. Conclusion The progress in the elucidation of the molecular genetic changes in these tumors should soon bring novel diagnostic procedures into the clinical practice. The review highlights the important advances of endoscopic, radilogical and molecular methods in detection of the tumor which may help clinicians to diagnose tumors as early as possible. TNM staging, biopsy and histopathological grading remain the gold standard for diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma. A great number of novel endoscopical methods are only supplementary tools to microlaryngoscopy. Some of the most significant biological markers might be integrated with the evaluation of behavioral factors, clinical and histopathological examinations for a new clinicomolecular approach to laryngeal cancer.

scholarly journals Immune-Related Nine-MicroRNA Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Xu ◽  
Jian Wen ◽  
Shuangquan Li ◽  
Xian Shen ◽  
Tao You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
New Biomarkers

Recent findings have demonstrated the superiority and utility of microRNAs (miRNAs) as new biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. In this study, to explore the prognostic value of immune-related miRNAs in gastric cancer (GC), we analyzed the miRNA-expression profiles of 389 patients with GC, using data deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Using a forward- and backward-variable selection and multivariate Cox regression analyses model, we identified a nine-miRNA signature (the “ImmiRSig,” consisting of miR-125b-5p, miR-99a-3p, miR-145-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-133a-5p, miR-1292-5p, miR-675-3p, miR-92b-5p, and miR-942-3p) in the training cohort that enabled the division of patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different survival rates. The ImmiRSig was successfully validated with an independent test cohort of 193 GC patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the ImmiRSig would serve as an independent prognostic factor after adjusting for other clinical covariates. Pending further prospective validation, the identified ImmiRSig appears to have significant clinical importance in terms of improving outcome predictions and guiding personalized treatment for patients with GC. Finally, significant associations between the ImmiRSig and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents were observed, suggesting that ImmiRSig may predict the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Choroid plexus carcinoma: review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
A. F. Valiakhmetova ◽  
L. I. Papusha ◽  
L. A. Yasko ◽  
A. E. Druy ◽  
S. K. Gorelyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
International Study ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Choroid Plexus Carcinoma ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Li Fraumeni Syndrome ◽  
Li Fraumeni

Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the choroid plexus of the brain. More than 80 % of CPCs occur in children. Mutations in the TP53 gene is played the main role in the pathogenesis of these tumors. Choroid plexus carcinomas in 40 % of cases are associated with Li–Fraumeni syndrome. Survival rates in patients with CPC and Li–Fraumeni syndrome are extremely low. The standards of the therapy for patients with CPC are not defined. The extent of surgical resection and treatment modality correlate with prognosis. The role of adjuvant therapy in CPC remains unclear: doses and volumes of radiation therapy (RT), combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs, timing, and a combination of RT and chemotherapy (CT) have not been identified. Also, there is neither a standard CT regimen nor a prospective international study assessing the efficacy and toxicity of various combinations of cytostatics in patients with CPC. The article presents an overview of the existing molecular genetic changes, existing methods for the diagnosis and treatment of choroid plexus carcinoma.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological analysis for recurrence of stage Ib gastric cancer (according to the second English edition of the Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma)

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yokoyama ◽  
Kiyoshi Kamada ◽  
Yoshikazu Tsurui ◽  
Hisanori Kashizuka ◽  
Eiji Okano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
English Edition ◽  
Stage Ib ◽  
Japanese Classification ◽  
Clinicopathological Analysis

The decision criterion of histological mixed type in “T1/T2” gastric carcinoma-comparison between TNM classification and Japanese classification of gastric cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 800-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Shimizu ◽  
Daisuke Ichikawa ◽  
Shuhei Komatsu ◽  
Kazuma Okamoto ◽  
Atsushi Shiozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Decision Criterion ◽  
Japanese Classification
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