scholarly journals Current challenges and controversies surrounding SARS-CoV-2 immunity and their implications on reinfection, plasma therapy treatment outcomes, and vaccine development

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vishal Rao ◽  
Swetha Kannan ◽  
Anand Subhash ◽  
Gururaj Arakeri ◽  
Ashish Gulia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Therapy Treatment

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognized using of next-generation sequencing. The pandemic is associated with respiratory distress syndrome, hyperinflammation, and high mortality making it a major public health concern. It is essential to explore the pathogenetic pathways to conclude a definite therapeutic approach. However, the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic altered the equilibrium between waiting for substantiating results before determining whether to use the therapy or generating evidence during regular patient care, in support of the second choice. This review describes various key controversies and challenges of SARS-CoV-2 immunity, convalescent plasma therapy, and treatment outcomes. It further highlights the emerging vaccine therapy and future strategies for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Shigella Vaccine Development: Finding the Path of Least Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 904-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur H. Chen ◽  
Karen L. Kotloff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase I Study ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTShigellaspp. represent the second most common etiologic pathogen causing childhood diarrhea in developing countries. There are no licensedShigellavaccines, and progress for such vaccines has been limited. In this issue ofClinical and Vaccine Immunology, Riddle and colleagues (M. S. Riddle, R. W. Kaminski, C. Di Paolo, C. K. Porter, R. L. Gutierrez, et al., Clin Vaccine Immunol 23:908–917, 2016,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00224-16) report results from a phase I study of a parenterally administered monovalent O-polysaccharide “bioconjugate” directed againstShigella flexneri2a. Ultimately, the goal is to develop a broad-spectrumShigellavaccine to address this public health concern. A parenteralShigellavaccine capable of eliciting protection in children of developing countries would be an important tool to reach this goal.

scholarly journals COVID-19 May Cause Severe Illness in Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

COVID-19 pandemic has become the top public health concern worldwide that represents a threat to the life of billions of people globally. Common causes of death of COVID-19 infected individuals are multi-organ failure, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, out of which pneumonia is the most common. COVID-19 patients with diabetes are at high risk for medical complications, which may lead to severe complications, even death.

scholarly journals Dengue infection during Covid-19 pandemic: A challenge for case management

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
Md Asaduzzaman Miah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) that declared as an global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).1,2 This ongoing pandemic causes devastation across the world while multiple countries have been facing with another outbreak- Dengue, a known tropical disease.3 Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infection, also considered as a major public health concern. During COVID-19 pandemic, the increasing incidence of dengue become a further threat especially in the dengue-endemic countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America.4 The global burden of dengue is dynamic,  estimated 50 million real cases per year  across  approximately 100 countries.5 Currently, most of the countries are fighting against COVID-19, therefore, further outbreak of dengue has been posed a number of practical challenges to combat the diseases simultaneously. As dengue cases have been increased during Covid-19 pandemic, both SARS‑CoV‑2 and dengue viruses are co-existing and co-circulating in the environment. Consequently, patients with SARS‑CoV‑2 and dengue co-infection has been reported recently in several countries like Singapore, Thailand, India, and Bangladesh.6-9 Hence, it is speculated that the co-infection cases will be increased and found in another countries in the upcoming days when dengue season goes in its peak. Currently, multiple countries in South America like Brazil, Paraguay, Colombia, Argentina, Bolivia are suffering seriously from co-epidemics of dengue and Covid-19.4 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 145-146

Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Evans ◽  
Charlotte Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
Fat Bodies

Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.

European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption: the ESAC programme

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Major Public Health Concern

Resistance to antimicrobials has become a major public health concern, and it has been shown that there is a relationship, albeit complex, between antimicrobial resistance and consumption

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