scholarly journals Shigella Vaccine Development: Finding the Path of Least Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 904-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur H. Chen ◽  
Karen L. Kotloff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase I Study ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTShigellaspp. represent the second most common etiologic pathogen causing childhood diarrhea in developing countries. There are no licensedShigellavaccines, and progress for such vaccines has been limited. In this issue ofClinical and Vaccine Immunology, Riddle and colleagues (M. S. Riddle, R. W. Kaminski, C. Di Paolo, C. K. Porter, R. L. Gutierrez, et al., Clin Vaccine Immunol 23:908–917, 2016,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00224-16) report results from a phase I study of a parenterally administered monovalent O-polysaccharide “bioconjugate” directed againstShigella flexneri2a. Ultimately, the goal is to develop a broad-spectrumShigellavaccine to address this public health concern. A parenteralShigellavaccine capable of eliciting protection in children of developing countries would be an important tool to reach this goal.

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Bioconjugate Vaccine against Shigella flexneri 2a Administered to Healthy Adults: a Single-Blind, Randomized Phase I Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 908-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Riddle ◽  
Robert W. Kaminski ◽  
Claudio Di Paolo ◽  
Chad K. Porter ◽  
Ramiro L. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase I Study ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Candidate Vaccine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Single Blind

ABSTRACTSeveral candidate vaccines againstShigellaspp. are in development, but the lack of a clear correlate of protection from challenge with the induction of adequate immune responses among the youngest age groups in the developing world has hamperedShigellavaccine development over the past several decades. Bioconjugation technology, exploited here for anShigella flexneri2a candidate vaccine, offers a novel and potentially cost-effective way to develop and produce vaccines against a major pathogen of global health importance. Flexyn2a, a novelS. flexneri2a bioconjugate vaccine made of the polysaccharide component of theS. flexneri2a O-antigen, conjugated to the exotoxin protein A ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(EPA), was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity among healthy adults in a single-blind, phase I study with a staggered randomization approach. Thirty subjects (12 receiving 10 μg Flexyn2a, 12 receiving Flexyn2a with aluminum adjuvant, and 6 receiving placebo) were administered two injections 4 weeks apart and were followed for 168 days. Flexyn2a was well-tolerated, independently of the adjuvant and number of injections. The Flexyn2a vaccine elicited statistically significantS. flexneri2a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific humoral responses at all time points postimmunization in all groups that received the vaccine. Elicited serum antibodies were functional, as evidenced by bactericidal activity againstS. flexneri2a. The bioconjugate candidate vaccine Flexyn2a has a satisfactory safety profile and elicited a robust humoral response toS. flexneri2a LPS with or without inclusion of an adjuvant. Moreover, the bioconjugate also induced functional antibodies, showing the technology's features in producing a promising candidate vaccine. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02388009.)

scholarly journals Integrated Diabetic Clinic in a Rural Hospital of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Niresh Thapa ◽  
Muna Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Diabetic Clinic

Diabetes is an important public health concern which is increasing rapidly in developing countries. It is challenging to prevent and manage diabetes in a rural setting. The Integrated Diabetic Clinic is comprehensive diabetes care under one roof. Its aim is to provide efficient accessible and affordable comprehensive care. It will make a huge difference in the management of diabetes. This clinic will play a major role in unifying different aspects of health care under one roof and offer the most comprehensive and cost-effective accessible health care to minimize mortality and morbidity associated with diabetes.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on socioeconomic and mental health aspects in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kritika Poudel ◽  
Pramod Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
The People

Background: Public health concern is increasing with recent rise in the number of COVID-19 cases in Nepal. To curb this pandemic, Nepal is facing some forms of lockdown, encouraging people to implement social distancing so as to reduce interactions between people which could eventually reduce the possibilities of new infection; however, it has affected the overall physical, mental, social and spiritual health of the people. Methods: Published articles related to psychosocial effects due to COVID-19 and other outbreaks were searched and reviewed. Conclusion: While many countries are supporting their citizens with sophisticated health safety-nets and various relief funds, some developing countries have unique challenges with vulnerable populations and limited resources to respond to the pandemic. This review presents the consequences of pandemic and lockdown on socioeconomic, mental health and other aspects in Nepalese society.

scholarly journals Lack of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia pestis Isolates from 17 Countries in the Americas, Africa, and Asia

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Urich ◽  
Linda Chalcraft ◽  
Martin E. Schriefer ◽  
Brook M. Yockey ◽  
Jeannine M. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTYersinia pestisis the causative agent of plague, a fulminant disease that is often fatal without antimicrobial treatment. Plasmid (IncA/C)-mediated multidrug resistance inY. pestiswas reported in 1995 in Madagascar and has generated considerable public health concern, most recently because of the identification of IncA/C multidrug-resistant plasmids in other zoonotic pathogens. Here, we demonstrate no resistance in 392Y. pestisisolates from 17 countries to eight antimicrobials used for treatment or prophylaxis of plague.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from U.S. Wastewater Treatment Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Gomez-Alvarez ◽  
Jill Hoelle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geographically Dispersed

The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is a major public health concern. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three Escherichia coli isolates from primary effluent collected from geographically dispersed U.S.

scholarly journals Current challenges and controversies surrounding SARS-CoV-2 immunity and their implications on reinfection, plasma therapy treatment outcomes, and vaccine development

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vishal Rao ◽  
Swetha Kannan ◽  
Anand Subhash ◽  
Gururaj Arakeri ◽  
Ashish Gulia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Therapy Treatment

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognized using of next-generation sequencing. The pandemic is associated with respiratory distress syndrome, hyperinflammation, and high mortality making it a major public health concern. It is essential to explore the pathogenetic pathways to conclude a definite therapeutic approach. However, the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic altered the equilibrium between waiting for substantiating results before determining whether to use the therapy or generating evidence during regular patient care, in support of the second choice. This review describes various key controversies and challenges of SARS-CoV-2 immunity, convalescent plasma therapy, and treatment outcomes. It further highlights the emerging vaccine therapy and future strategies for the treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Characterization ofblaTEM-52-Carrying Plasmids of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Isolates from Chicken Meat with a Common Supplier in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 7545-7547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Matsumoto ◽  
Hidemasa Izumiya ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sekizuka ◽  
Makoto Kuroda ◽  
Makoto Ohnishi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Public Health Concern ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genome Analyses

ABSTRACTThe acquisition of resistance to cephalosporins amongSalmonellaspp. is a major public health concern. This study identified clonal plasmids carryingblaTEM-52from 10Salmonella entericaserovar Infantis and Manhattan isolates from retail chicken meats that originated from a common supplier in Japan. Whole-genome analyses of the representative plasmids, including pYM4, revealed that they are 38 kb in size and that pYM4 is identical to pDKX1 from beef in Denmark, suggesting a global dissemination of resistance mediated by the plasmids.

scholarly journals Isolation of the human-associated bla CTX-M-15-harbouring Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 from a tortoise in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Foster ◽  
Manal AbuOun ◽  
Romain Pizzi ◽  
Bryn Tennant ◽  
Margaret McCall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Uk

The ST307 multidrug-resistant CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging pathogen, which has become disseminated worldwide in humans but is rarely reported from other reservoirs. We report the first isolation of K. pneumoniae from an animal in Europe and also from a reptile, a captive tortoise, whose death it probably caused. Detection of this clone from an animal adds to evidence of niche expansion in non-human environments, where it may amplify, recycle and become of greater public health concern.

scholarly journals A Novel SXT/R391 Integrative and Conjugative Element Carries Two Copies of the bla NDM-1 Gene in Proteus mirabilis

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintao He ◽  
Long Sun ◽  
Linghong Zhang ◽  
Sebastian Leptihn ◽  
Yunsong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Public Health Concern ◽  
Integrative Conjugative Element ◽  
Horizontal Acquisition ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Element

The occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Proteus mirabilis , especially those strains producing NDM-1 and its variants, is a major public health concern worldwide. The integrative conjugative element (ICE) plays an important role in horizontal acquisition of resistance genes.

scholarly journals The prevalence of odontogenic maxillary osteitis at the Cocody University Hospital's Odontostomatological Consultation and Treatment Center (CCTOS), Abidjan (Ivory Coast): clinical and therapeutic aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Patrice A. Kouamé ◽  
Marcellin Ayé ◽  
Daniel Amantchi ◽  
Vazoumana Kouyaté ◽  
Sylvie Koboh N'guessan Atsé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
African People ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Late Stages

Maxillary osteitis is a bone tissue disease or condition with a dentoalveolar origin. This condition remains a public health concern in most developing countries, particularly in the Ivory Coast. Without appropriate management, it can alter the patient's overall health owing to aesthetic, functional, and psychological complications. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of odontogenic maxillary osteitis to consequently improve its diagnosis and medical care. Three major etiologies of maxillary osteitis have been reported: infectious, traumatic, and physicochemical causes. According to the literature, osteitis is grouped into two clinical forms, namely circumscribed osteitis and diffuse osteitis. Their diagnosis is based on a rigorous clinical examination as well as radiographic, histological, and bacteriological examinations. At the Cocody University Hospital's Odontostomatological Consultation and Treatment Center (CCTOS), patients with the late stages of the condition present with significant, disabling, and unsightly osteocutaneous-mucous lesions. Treatment of this osteitis is preventive, curative, and restorative. Odontogenic maxillary osteitis is encountered frequently and typically at a late stage at the Cocody University Hospital's CCTOS. To limit aesthetic and functional damage, raising awareness among African people about oral hygiene and the need for regular consultations should be encouraged.

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