scholarly journals Male reproductive health at risk due to exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances: Recent research highlights

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Shilpi Singh ◽  
Shio Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of synthetic organic chemicals that are persistent in the environment as well as in wildlife and human body. Further, PFASs are considered as persistent organic pollutants. PFASs have been extensively used in many industrial and consumer products over the past several decades and, therefore, they are found in various environmental matrices. A large number of studies during the past decades have reported the toxic effects of these compounds on the male reproductive health including damage to the seminiferous tubules, changes in reproductive hormones level, and low sperm counts and the molecular mechanism(s) involved in such effects. In the present review, we have summarized the reproductive toxicity of some PFASs, namely, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorododecanoic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid in the male. This article briefly describes the findings on PFASs which may attract the attention of the reproductive toxicologists to examine the potential risk to the male reproductive health because of the continued contamination of the environment by these compounds.

scholarly journals Reproductive Hormones Imbalance, Germ Cell Apoptosis, Abnormal Sperm Morphophenotypes and Ultrastructural Changes in Testis of African Giant Rats (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse, 1840) Exposed to Sodium Metavanadate Intoxication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifukibot Levi Usende ◽  
Fatima Oyenike Oyelowo ◽  
Agbonu Oluwa Adikpe ◽  
Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe ◽  
Allam Abdel Hamid Mohamed Nafady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunopositive Cell ◽  
Sodium Metavanadate ◽  
Cricetomys Gambianus

Abstract Environmental exposure to vanadium has been on the increase in recent time. This metal is a known toxicant. The current study was conducted to investigate the reproductive toxicity of sodium metavanadate (SMV) in male African giant rats. Administration of SMV was done intraperitoneally daily for 14 consecutive days at a dosage of 3mg/kg body weight. Sterile water was administered to the control group. We analyzed serum reproductive hormones, sperm reserve and quality as well as testicular ultrastructural changes following SMV treatment. Our results showed SMV exposed AGR group had statistically increased progesterone but decreased testosterone, FSH and LH concentrations. Also, SMV treated group had statistically decreased sperm motility and mass activity with increased percentage of abnormal morphophenotypes of spermatozoa and upregulation of P53 immunopositive cell. Ultrastructural study revealed vocuolation of germ and Sertoli cells, cytoplasmic and nucleus; and mitochondrial swelling and vacuolations were also observed. There was severe disintegration of the seminiferous tubules, atrophy and degeneration of myeloid cells and apoptosis of the Leydig, Sertoli and germ cells. In conclusion, intraperitoneal SMV exposure exerts severe adverse effects on some serum reproductive hormones, reduction of sperm reserve and quality, apoptosis and degenerative changes of the Leydig, Sertoli and germ cells which can lead to infertility.

Study on the mechanism of mitochondrial division and mitochondrial autophagy in the male reproductive toxicity induced by nickel nanoparticles

Nanoscale ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Wenjuan Lu ◽  
Jiahui Dong ◽  
Yongya Wu ◽  
Meng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Nickel Nanoparticles ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Mitochondrial Division ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Male reproductive health is deteriorating, and fertility is largely affected by environmental factors. This study aims to investigate the potential mechanism underlying mitochondrial division and mitochondrial autophagy in the male...

Estrogens and falling sperm counts

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Handelsman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Surrogate Variables ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Sperm Output ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Extravagant claims have been made repeatedly in recent years that human sperm counts are falling and that global exposure to environmental estrogens are responsible. The basis for these two distinct claims is reviewed. The claims of falling human sperm output, reviving an old debate, are prompted by a paper by Carlsen et al. (1992). This meta-analysis, however, is marred by numerous flaws that invalidate its claims. Major defects include severe heterogeneity of component studies, rendering them unsuitable for aggregation, and defective data analysis based on arithmetic mean rather than median, which showed no significant changes over time. This debate is likely to remain unresolved until valid, representative population-based studies of human sperm output can be achieved. None have been reported, or seem feasible in the near future, and so alternative strategies, based on surrogate variables for human male fertility not requiring sperm counts, need to be developed and validated. The plausible hypothesis that prenatal estrogen exposure might influence development of the human testis through effects on Sertoli cell replication and sperm carrying capacity has, however, been conclusively refuted by studies of boys born to women exposed to high doses of oral diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy. Neither fertility nor sperm output were adversely influenced by massive maternal estrogen exposure during pregnancy, although minor urogenital malformations did occur. The still wider claims of deteriorating male reproductive health, notably changes in prevalence or incidence of hypospadias or cryptorchidism, also lack convincing population-based evidence, although cancer registry data indicate a gradual increase in testis cancer in some countries. In summary, the available evidence does not support claims of falling sperm counts or any general deterioration in male reproductive health. Population-based studies of valid surrogate variables for male fertility not requiring semen analysis are needed. If population-based evidence regarding male fertility or sperm output could be generated, it is highly unlikely that prenatal estrogen exposure could be a valid explanation of any deterioration as massive maternal exposure to oral estrogen has negligible effects on male fertility or sperm output.

Decline in sperm count in European men during the past 50 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sengupta ◽  
E Borges ◽  
S Dutta ◽  
E Krajewska-Kulak
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Purpose: To investigate whether the sperm concentration of European men is deteriorating over the past 50 years of time. Materials and Methods: We analysed the data published in English language articles in the past 50 years in altering sperm concentration in European men. Results: A time-dependent decline of sperm concentration ( r = −0.307, p = 0.02) in the last 50 years and an overall 32.5% decrease in mean sperm concentration was noted. Conclusion: This comprehensive, evidence-based meta-analysis concisely presents the evidence of decreased sperm concentration in European male over the past 50 years to serve the scientific research zone related to male reproductive health.

040. ARE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AFFECTING HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH?

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
P. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Abnormal Pregnancy ◽  
Monkey Model ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
Fetal Ovary

The concern that human reproductive health may be affected by chemicals in our daily environment has grown in recent years with the recognition that: (1) some countries have seen a recognizable decline in sperm counts and an increase in urogenital tract abnormalities among newborn males, (2) the incidence of some cancers has increased precipitously, and (3) the number of infertile couples has increased markedly in many countries. Our laboratory focuses on the oocyte and the factors that cause the production of chromosomally abnormal eggs. We know that the risk of a chromosomally abnormal pregnancy is strongly influenced by maternal age, but there is growing concern that environmental exposures may influence the ability of both the male and female to produce normal gametes. Our laboratory has focused on the effect of exposures to a ubiquitous chemical to which humans are exposed daily, bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is used in a wide variety of consumer products from plastics and resin coatings to eyeglasses and pressure printed receipts. Our studies in mice demonstrate that BPA exposure during fetal development adversely affects female fertility because BPA influences several significant stages of egg development. In the male mouse, we and others have found that prenatal, perinatal, and adult exposures can affect the function of the testis. In current studies we are attempting to determine if effects seen in the mouse are also a feature of BPA exposed primates. We are using a rhesus monkey model to determine how BPA is metabolized in the pregnant and nonpregnant female and how BPA exposure influences the developing fetus. Lastly, in human studies we are evaluating BPA levels in the developing fetus and assessing their effect on the developing fetal ovary.

scholarly journals Adverse effects of circadian desynchrony on the male reproductive system: an epidemiological and experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1515-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Liu ◽  
Guizhong Hou ◽  
Xiaogang Wang ◽  
Huatao Chen ◽  
Fuquan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is circadian desynchrony a risk factor of male reproductive damage in semen parameters and/or reproductive hormones? SUMMARY ANSWER Circadian desynchrony correlates with decrease of sperm count, which was improved when circadian desynchrony was attenuated. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Circadian desynchrony caused by work (shift work) and non-work-related reasons is prevalent worldwide and has been found to be associated with decreased female fertility, but whether it harms male reproductive health is unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A hybrid research was conducted. (i) A cross-sectional study of 1346 Chinese men in 2007 was used to analyze the association between semen/hormone biomarkers and work-related circadian desynchrony, which was divided into rotating shift work and permanent shift work against non-shift work. (ii) A cohort of 796 Chinese undergraduates from 2013 to 2014 was used to analyzed the association between semen/hormone biomarkers and non-work-related circadian desynchrony (between school days and days off). (iii) The biomarker identified simultaneously in both populations was further validated in male C57BL/6J mice housed under conditions simulating circadian desynchrony. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 17 semen/hormone biomarkers were compared among rotating shift workers and permanent shift workers against non-shift workers in the 1346 reproductive-age Chinese men. A total of 14 semen/hormone biomarker was analyzed in the undergraduate cohort for correlation with non-work-related circadian desynchrony (measured by Munich Chronotype Questionnaire) in 2013 and 2014 and compared between the 2 years. Photoperiod-shifting method was used to establish the mouse model, in which the biomarker was examined and molecular mechanism was explored by apoptosis analysis, DNA content analysis, transcriptome sequencing, real-time PCR and western blotting. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Among the semen/hormone biomarkers, sperm count was found to be lower in rotating shift workers, who had a higher risk of low sperm count defined by Chinese Ministry of Health (total sperm/ejaculate < 120 × 106) than non-shift workers (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% CI 1.05–1.52). This biomarker was replicated in the undergraduate cohort, where each hour of circadian desynchrony was associated with 1.16 (95% CI 1.02–1.31) fold odds of low sperm count, and sperm count increased during 2014 in men who reduced circadian desynchrony after 2013. A decrease of sperm count with circadian desynchrony and its recovery after removal of circadian desynchrony was also observed in the mouse model. During asynchrony, increased apoptosis was found in seminiferous tubules and the marker genes of post-spermatocyte stage cells were down-regulated. The most enriched functional pathway was homologous recombination, which happened during meiosis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study of human beings was observational while the animal study has potential difference in circadian desynchrony exposure and species susceptibility. Further researches are needed to clarify the causal relationship in men. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings provide novel insight to the effect of circadian desynchrony on male reproductive health and a potential strategy for prevention of reproductive damage. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFC1002001] and National Natural Science Foundation of China [81871208]. There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.

scholarly journals How the Pregabalin (Lyrica) Administration as an Abuse Drug Can Affects the Reproductive Health of Male Wistar Rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf Bader Alduweesh
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Male Reproductive Health ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

Drugs addiction considered a massive problem persist in diverse populations everywhere the world. Our work aimed to illustrate the correlation between drug addiction and reproductive function in an animal model, also the potential impact of pregabalin (Lyrica) intake on spermatozoa formation process and sexual hormone levels. In this study, we used 14 adult healthy rats that allocated into two groups (n = 7) as control and treated that orally administrated with pregabalin (23.7 mg/kg) for 30 subsequent days. Reproductive hormones, spermatozoa parameters (motility and morphology), lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitric oxide, total antioxidant activity, DNA damage and histopathological investigation were performed. The results revealed that pregabalin addiction had a harmful impact on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis of male rats through hindered hormones secretion, raised reactive oxygen species, affect antioxidant enzymes, triggered DNA damage and distorted testicular histology. Finally, we found that addiction of Lyrica caused adverse impact on the male reproductive health and subsequently affect fertility.

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