scholarly journals A case report on rare hepatitis B viral subgenotype from a tertiary care center in Chennai

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Monika Mani ◽  
Sivasubramaniyan Gnanaskandan ◽  
Shanthi Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Padma Srikanth
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hbe Antigen ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
X Gene ◽  
The Individual

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health concern with 350 million chronic carriers. With respect to HBV India is classified as an intermediate endemic country. The disease progression may be due to many viral factors including HBV viral load, HBe antigen, genotype, mutations in polymerase gene, and X gene. In this case, the individual was a treatment naïve chronic HBV carrier. The reverse transcriptase gene and X gene were sequenced and mutations were analyzed. The individual had D3 subgenotype. rt80I was identified in reverse transcriptase and A102V in HBx protein. Identification of genotype and mutations in reverse transcriptase/X gene may help in predicting and improving the clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Changing epidemiology and viral interplay of hepatitis B, C and D among injecting drug user-dominant prisoners in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Ying Lu ◽  
Chun-Ting Chen ◽  
Yu-Lueng Shih ◽  
Pei-Chien Tsai ◽  
Meng-Hsuan Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hcv Genotypes ◽  
Hbsag Carriers ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Hbsag Seropositivity

AbstractThe spreading of viral hepatitis among injecting drug users (IDU) is an emerging public health concern. This study explored the prevalence and the risks of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) among IDU-dominant prisoners in Taiwan. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and HDV (anti-HDV), viral load and HCV genotypes were measured in 1137(67.0%) of 1697 prisoners. 89.2% of participants were IDUs and none had HIV infection. The prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV, dual HBsAg/anti-HCV, HBsAg/anti-HDV, and triple HBsAg/anti-HCV/anti-HDV was 13.6%, 34.8%, 4.9%, 3.4%, and 2.8%, respectively. HBV viremia rate was significantly lower in HBV/HCV-coinfected than HBV mono-infected subjects (66.1% versus 89.9%, adjusted odds ratio/95% confidence intervals [aOR/CI] = 0.27/0.10–0.73). 47.5% anti-HCV-seropositive subjects (n = 396) were non-viremic, including 23.2% subjects were antivirals-induced. The predominant HCV genotypes were genotype 6(40.9%), 1a(24.0%) and 3(11.1%). HBsAg seropositivity was negatively correlated with HCV viremia among the treatment naïve HCV subjects (44.7% versus 72.4%, aOR/CI = 0.27/0.13–0.58). Anti-HCV seropositivity significantly increased the risk of anti-HDV-seropositivity among HBsAg carriers (57.1% versus 7.1%, aOR/CI = 15.73/6.04–40.96). In conclusion, IUDs remain as reservoirs for multiple hepatitis viruses infection among HIV-uninfected prisoners in Taiwan. HCV infection increased the risk of HDV infection but suppressed HBV replication in HBsAg carriers. An effective strategy is mandatory to control the epidemic in this high-risk group.

Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase mutations in treatment Naïve chronic hepatitis B patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupesh Singla ◽  
Anuradha Chakraborti ◽  
Bal Krishan Sharma ◽  
Shweta Kapil ◽  
Yogesh K. Chawla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Treatment Naïve

scholarly journals Public awareness, attitude and knowledge of hepatitis B infection in North India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5184
Author(s):  
Vikramjeet Singh ◽  
Vineeta Mittal ◽  
Prashant Verma ◽  
Manodeep Sen ◽  
Anupam Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Health Care Policies

Background: Information on attitudes towards hepatitis B vaccination, its coverage, and efficacy in general public is a major challenge for every country and should form the basis of health care policies. Therefore, it is important to assess the attitude and the coverage of the vaccination in public in India for further policy implementation as well as for their safety. The study objectives were to assess the knowledge of Hepatitis B and C in persons coming from community to attend a camp at tertiary care center, Lucknow and to correlate the level of awareness to the attitude they behold toward the disease.Methods: A comparative study of two years (2015 and 2017) using multiple choice structured questionnaires among 300 attendants (150 each year) coming to Gastro medicine outpatient department. The attendants assessed knowledge and awareness about hepatitis B and C infection, transmission, screening and vaccination was the tool of data collection.Results: Although most of the attendants were aware of the existence of hepatitis B and C infection, the level of awareness regarding the modes of transmission and vaccination was found to be dissatisfactory in 2015 attendants.  A direct positive correlation as found between education level and awareness, which reveals that attendants with better knowledge and information had better attitudes toward the infection and prevention of hepatitis transmission.Conclusions: There is a still need to increase the level and quality of health education, vaccine accessibility and availability among people to prevent the spread of hepatitis B virus. 

scholarly journals Patterns of Injury and Mortality in Pediatric Patients Attending Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (207) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramendra Prasad Gupta ◽  
Gyanendra Bahadur Malla ◽  
Rabin Bhandari ◽  
Rosan Prasad Shah Kalawar ◽  
Madan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Of Injury

Introduction: Trauma is a major and increasing global health concern in the recent world is now the leading cause of death among people less than 18 years old. Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study done in Emergency Department of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Patients aged less than 16 years were included with history of Trauma from January 1st 2013 to 31st December 2013.The details of patient were taken from computerized medical records of the hospital. The data Demographic data, Pattern of injury, Mode of injury, Diagnosis and outcomes were tabulated in Microsoft excel. Results: Total 3958 pediatrics patient were enrolled in this study. Male: Female=3.6:1,Mean age 9.6±3.2 years, fall injury & RTAs common modes and fractures of limbs, soft tissue injuries and cut injuries were common patterns. Conclusions: Injury is a serious problem for children in Low Income countries like Nepal.

scholarly journals The Role of Tracheotomy and Timing of Weaning and Decannulation in Patients Affected by Severe COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132096519
Author(s):  
Cecilia Botti ◽  
Francesca Lusetti ◽  
Stefano Peroni ◽  
Tommaso Neri ◽  
Andrea Castellucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Prolonged Intubation ◽  
Day Range ◽  
The Individual

Objectives: Patients with acute respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high likelihood of needing prolonged intubation and may subsequently require tracheotomy. Indications and timing for performing tracheotomy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 pneumonia are still elusive. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of tracheotomy in the context of this pandemic. Moreover, we report the timing of the procedure and the time needed to complete weaning and decannulation in our center. Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study included adults (≥18 years) with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the tertiary care center of Reggio Emilia (Italy). All patients underwent orotracheal intubation with invasive mechanical ventilation, followed by percutaneous or open surgical tracheotomy. Indications, timing of the procedure, and time needed to complete weaning and decannulation were reported. Results: Forty-four patients were included in the analysis. Median time from orotracheal intubation to surgery was 7 (range 2-17) days. Fifteen (34.1%) patients died during the follow-up period (median 22 days, range 8-68) after the intubation. Weaning from the ventilator was first attempted on median 25th day (range 13-43) from orotracheal intubation. A median of 35 (range 18-79) days was required to complete weaning. Median duration of ICU stay was 22 (range 10-67) days. Mean decannulation time was 36 (range 10-77) days from surgery. Conclusions: Since it is not possible to establish an optimal timing for performing tracheotomy, decision-making should be made on case-by-case basis. It should be adapted to the context of the pandemic, taking into account the availability of intensive care resources, potential risks for health care workers, and benefits for the individual patient.

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