Effects of urea infusion and ruminal degradable protein concentration on microbial growth, digestibility, and fermentation in continuous culture1

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Griswold ◽  
G. A. Apgar ◽  
J. Bouton ◽  
J. L. Firkins
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Urea Infusion ◽  
Degradable Protein

The effect of ERDP:FME ratio and DUP supply from concentrates on the performance of lactating ewes offered grazed grass

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
J. Powles ◽  
C.M. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Degradable Protein

Fresh grass is a highly variable product, which is generally characterised as having a high crude protein content, with a high rate and extent of degradation in the rumen. For lactating ruminants, this may result in an effective rumen degradable protein: fermentable metabolisable energy (ERDP:FME) ratio in excess of the optimum requirement for microbial growth, leading to inefficient nitrogen utilisation and high levels of urinary nitrogen excretion. One method of improving the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation is the use of supplements. An appropriate supplement should optimise ERDP and FME supply to the rumen and provide sufficient metabolisable protein (MP) to balance animal requirements. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the response of lactating ewes offered grazed grass to variations in ERDP:FME ratio and digestible undegradable protein (DUP) supply from concentrate supplements.

scholarly journals Effects of Degradable Protein and Non-Fibre Carbohydrates on Microbial Growth and Fermentation in the Rumen Simulating Fermenter (Rusitec)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 3771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang H. Zhao ◽  
Jian M. Gong ◽  
Shan Zhou ◽  
Chuan B. Fu ◽  
Chan J. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Degradable Protein

The effect of ERDP:FME ratio and DUP supply from concentrates on the performance of lactating ewes offered grazed grass

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
J. Powles ◽  
C.M. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Degradable Protein

Fresh grass is a highly variable product, which is generally characterised as having a high crude protein content, with a high rate and extent of degradation in the rumen. For lactating ruminants, this may result in an effective rumen degradable protein: fermentable metabolisable energy (ERDP:FME) ratio in excess of the optimum requirement for microbial growth, leading to inefficient nitrogen utilisation and high levels of urinary nitrogen excretion. One method of improving the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation is the use of supplements. An appropriate supplement should optimise ERDP and FME supply to the rumen and provide sufficient metabolisable protein (MP) to balance animal requirements. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the response of lactating ewes offered grazed grass to variations in ERDP:FME ratio and digestible undegradable protein (DUP) supply from concentrate supplements.

The influence of higher volatile fattty acids on the intake of urea-supplemented low quality cereal hay by sheep

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Hemsley ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Definition Of

The intake of milled oaten hay (0.7% nitrogen) by sheep was markedly increased by the addition of urea. Where molasses or an equivalent level of sucrose was fed in addition to urea no further significant increase in hay intake occurred, although there was an increase in the concentration of microbial protein (trichloroacetic acid-precipitated nitrogen). The addition of 0.56% of a mixture of isobutyric, n-valeric, and isovaleric acids with urea increased the microbial protein concentration to a similar extent but, in addition, significantly increased the intake of hay. All urea treatments resulted in significant increases in the rate of cotton thread digestion, in the rate of passage of food through the animal, and in the concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (V.F.A.) and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen, and caused an improvement in nitrogen balance from negative to positive values. Since the amount of energy added in the V.F.A. mixture was negligible compared with the molasses or sucrose supplements, it is suggested that the V.F.A. directly stimulated microbial growth in the rumen. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the supplementation of low-quality roughage and the definition of 'quality' of ruminant feedstuffs.

scholarly journals Reformulation of dairy cow diets based on rumen degradable protein and total digestible nutrient with varying levels on in vitro fermentability and digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
W P Sahroni ◽  
I G Permana ◽  
Despal
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Rumen Microbe ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
High Level ◽  
Total Digestible Nutrient ◽  
Degradable Protein

Abstract Rumen degradable protein (RDP) needs to be balanced with the adequacy of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and energy for optimal microbial growth. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal level of the RDP:RUP ratio and the energy level of dairy cattle rations using the in vitro method. The rumen inoculum used to carry out this research, was obtained from two bull rumen fistulated of Friesian Holstein. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of RDP:RUP ratio, namely 50:50, 55:45 and 60:40, while the energy levels consisted of total digestible nutrient (TDN) levels of 65.6% and 68.6%. The experimental design was a factorial randomized block, while data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan multi range’s test. The result showed the ratio of RDP:RUP had an effect on DMD, OMD, NH3, and rumen microbe. Furthermore, the higher TDN content increased significantly DMD, OMD, total VFA, and partial VFA. The increase in the microbial population was associated with a rise in total VFA and NH3 concentrations. This research concluded, the rations with RDP:RUP (60:40) ratio increased the population of bacteria and protozoa, while the availability of ammonia in the rumen, and the high level of TDN provided a higher supply of VFA, DMD, and OMD.

Purine derivatives excretion in sheep urine in relation to metabolizable energy and rumen degradable protein intake

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 186-186
Author(s):  
F.J. Giráldez ◽  
R. Peláez ◽  
E. Zorita ◽  
C. Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sheep Urine ◽  
Degradable Protein

Recently has been shown that allantoin or total purine derivatives excretion in urine are strongly related to the amount of purines reaching the small intestine (Chen et al., 1990; Balcells et al., 1992) and as consequence purine derivative output is propouse to be used as an index of microbial protein flow to small intestine.Because energy and rumen degradable protein supplies are the main factors affecting rumen microbial growth, the effect of changes in rumen degradable protein supplies at different levels of ME intake on urinary excretion of purine derivatives was studied in this work.

scholarly journals Energy supplements for leucaena

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Karen Harper ◽  
Simon P. Quigley ◽  
Risa Antari ◽  
Dahlanuddin ◽  
Tanda Sahat Panjaitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Tree Legume ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Cassava Bagasse ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Degradable Protein

Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena can be fed as the sole diet to fattening cattle without nutritional problems and it will promote high liveweight gains. The high crude protein concentration in leucaena suggests that energy supplements, which are readily fermented in the rumen, could be used to capture the excess rumen degradable protein and provide more microbial protein and metabolizable energy to the animal, further increasing liveweight gain or milk production. This approach has been tested in grazing cattle and also in cut-and-carry systems in Australia and Indonesia. In both systems, production (liveweight gain or milk production) increased with the addition of supplements containing large amounts of fermentable meta- bolizable energy. The substitution of the basal diet (leucaena or leucaena mixed with grass or crop residues) by the supplement also means that more animals can be carried in the system for a set amount or area of leucaena. The same principles would apply to any tree legume-based system. Energy supplements can come in many forms, viz. fermentable starch (cereal grains and cassava), sugars (molasses), pectins (soybean hulls and pulps) and fibre (rice bran, cassava bagasse), but they have not been compared for their efficacy nor for their economic benefit, if any, in these systems.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary energy source and dietary protein level on milk protein concentration from dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Moorby ◽  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
C. Thomas ◽  
S. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Degradable Protein

AbstractTo investigate the effects of energy source and protein level of diets on milk protein content, 12 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square change-over experiment with 4-week periods. Four diets were offered, with ad libitum silage as proportionately 0·40 of the diet, and the remaining 0·60 as one of four concentrates, two based on barley and two on molassed sugar-beet pulp. Two protein levels were achieved by altering the amounts of digestible undegraded protein in the concentrates, with all diets formulated to supply equal quantities of rumen degradable protein. There was no effect of diet on dry-matter intakes. Both starch and high dietary protein levels significantly increased milk protein concentration (P < 0·05), but had no effects on milk fat and lactose concentrations. Mean milk yields were significantly higher (P < 0·05) with increased dietary protein. Dietary protein significantly affected the yields of milk protein (P < 0·01) and lactose (P < 0·05) but not that of fat. Urinary allantoin excretion was significantly greater with both high protein (P < 0·05) and starch-based diets (P < 0·05). No significant interaction effects were found. It is concluded that dietary effects were due largely to differences in supply of rumen degradable protein; increases in milk protein concentration were therefore brought about by increasing the protein supply to the animal.

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