Developmental programming: The concept, large animal models, and the key role of uteroplacental vascular development1,2

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (suppl_13) ◽  
pp. E61-E72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Reynolds ◽  
P. P. Borowicz ◽  
J. S. Caton ◽  
K. A. Vonnahme ◽  
J. S. Luther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models

scholarly journals The Representative Porcine Model for Human Cardiovascular Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoriyasu Suzuki ◽  
Alan C. Yeung ◽  
Fumiaki Ikeno
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Small Animal Models ◽  
Insight Into

To improve human health, scientific discoveries must be translated into practical applications. Inherent in the development of these technologies is the role of preclinical testing using animal models. Although significant insight into the molecular and cellular basis has come from small animal models, significant differences exist with regard to cardiovascular characteristics between these models and humans. Therefore, large animal models are essential to develop the discoveries from murine models into clinical therapies and interventions. This paper will provide an overview of the more frequently used large animal models, especially porcine models for preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Understanding Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Airway Epithelial Repair: Selecting the Most Appropriate Animal Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Epithelium Regeneration

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the process of regeneration and repair of airway epithelial structures demands close characterization of the associated cellular and molecular events. The choice of an animal model system to study these processes and the role of lung stem cells is debatable since ideally the chosen animal model should offer a valid comparison with the human lung. Species differences may include the complex three-dimensional lung structures, cellular composition of the lung airway as well as transcriptional control of the molecular events in response to airway epithelium regeneration, and repair following injury. In this paper, we discuss issues related to the study of the lung repair and regeneration including the role of putative stem cells in small- and large-animal models. At the end of this paper, the author discuss the potential for using sheep as a model which can help bridge the gap between small-animal model systems and humans.

scholarly journals Porcine Models of Accelerated Coronary Atherosclerosis: Role of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypercholesterolemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Hamamdzic ◽  
Robert L. Wilensky
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Miniature Pig ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions

Animal models of atherosclerosis have proven to be an invaluable asset in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. However, large animal models may be needed in order to assess novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of atherosclerosis. Porcine models of coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis offer several advantages over rodent models, including similar anatomical size to humans, as well as genetic expression and development of high-risk atherosclerotic lesions which are similar to humans. Here we review the four models of porcine atherosclerosis, including the diabetic/hypercholesterolemic model, Rapacz-familial hypercholesterolemia pig, the (PCSK9) gain-of-function mutant pig model, and the Ossabaw miniature pig model of metabolic syndrome. All four models reliably represent features of human vascular disease.

scholarly journals Large Animal Models for Investigating Cell Therapies of Stress Urinary Incontinence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6092
Author(s):  
Bastian Amend ◽  
Niklas Harland ◽  
Jasmin Knoll ◽  
Arnulf Stenzl ◽  
Wilhelm K. Aicher
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Large Animal Models

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a significant health concern for patients affected, impacting their quality of life severely. To investigate mechanisms contributing to SUI different animal models were developed. Incontinence was induced under defined conditions to explore the pathomechanisms involved, spontaneous recovery, or efficacy of therapies over time. The animal models were coined to mimic known SUI risk factors such as childbirth or surgical injury. However, animal models neither reflect the human situation completely nor the multiple mechanisms that ultimately contribute to the pathogenesis of SUI. In the past, most SUI animal studies took advantage of rodents or rabbits. Recent models present for instance transgenic rats developing severe obesity, to investigate metabolic interrelations between the disorder and incontinence. Using recombinant gene technologies, such as transgenic, gene knock-out or CRISPR-Cas animals may narrow the gap between the model and the clinical situation of patients. However, to investigate surgical regimens or cell therapies to improve or even cure SUI, large animal models such as pig, goat, dog and others provide several advantages. Among them, standard surgical instruments can be employed for minimally invasive transurethral diagnoses and therapies. We, therefore, focus in this review on large animal models of SUI.

Animal models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: optimal choices for the best outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Huang ◽  
Fengyan Zhao ◽  
Yi Qu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

AbstractHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a serious disease leading to neonatal death, is becoming a key area of pediatric neurological research. Despite remarkable advances in the understanding of HIE, the explicit pathogenesis of HIE is unclear, and well-established treatments are absent. Animal models are usually considered as the first step in the exploration of the underlying disease and in evaluating promising therapeutic interventions. Various animal models of HIE have been developed with distinct characteristics, and it is important to choose an appropriate animal model according to the experimental objectives. Generally, small animal models may be more suitable for exploring the mechanisms of HIE, whereas large animal models are better for translational studies. This review focuses on the features of commonly used HIE animal models with respect to their modeling strategies, merits, and shortcomings, and associated neuropathological changes, providing a comprehensive reference for improving existing animal models and developing new animal models.

Echocardiography Evaluation of a Novel Stable Ovine Heart Failure Model Suitable for Cardiovascular Device Testing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Walsh ◽  
Craig S. McLachlan ◽  
Leigh Ladd ◽  
Arie Blitz ◽  
R. Mark Gillies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Surgical Model ◽  
Coronary Ligation ◽  
Rapid Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Heart Failure Model ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Numerous large animal models of chronic cardiac ischemia have been developed to explore either pathological mechanisms and or device interventions in developed heart failure models. Traditionally chronic heart failure in large animal models such as sheep or pigs has been induced by either coronary ligation with or without reperfusion. Coronary ligation is often attempted in the open chest surgical model or more recently in the closed chest animal via angiography [1]. Both techniques can be challenging and also induce high mortality with the risk of myocardial stunning and resultant shock and or lethal arrhythmias. There is also difficulty in developing stable heart failure across cases where infarct sizes can be variable. One strategy to over come this variability has been via rapid ventricular pacing, however inducing heart failure does not induce sustained heart failure in many cases if the pacing is switched off, and additionally pacing does not induce some of the underlying pathology seen in the development of heart failure [1].

scholarly journals Review: Tissue Engineering of Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts and Their In Vivo Evaluation in Large Animals and Humans

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Shu Fang ◽  
Ditte Gry Ellman ◽  
Ditte Caroline Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Graft Outcome ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Large Animals

To date, a wide range of materials, from synthetic to natural or a mixture of these, has been explored, modified, and examined as small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (SD-TEVGs) for tissue regeneration either in vitro or in vivo. However, very limited success has been achieved due to mechanical failure, thrombogenicity or intimal hyperplasia, and improvements of the SD-TEVG design are thus required. Here, in vivo studies investigating novel and relative long (10 times of the inner diameter) SD-TEVGs in large animal models and humans are identified and discussed, with emphasis on graft outcome based on model- and graft-related conditions. Only a few types of synthetic polymer-based SD-TEVGs have been evaluated in large-animal models and reflect limited success. However, some polymers, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), show favorable biocompatibility and potential to be further modified and improved in the form of hybrid grafts. Natural polymer- and cell-secreted extracellular matrix (ECM)-based SD-TEVGs tested in large animals still fail due to a weak strength or thrombogenicity. Similarly, native ECM-based SD-TEVGs and in-vitro-developed hybrid SD-TEVGs that contain xenogeneic molecules or matrix seem related to a harmful graft outcome. In contrast, allogeneic native ECM-based SD-TEVGs, in-vitro-developed hybrid SD-TEVGs with allogeneic banked human cells or isolated autologous stem cells, and in-body tissue architecture (IBTA)-based SD-TEVGs seem to be promising for the future, since they are suitable in dimension, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and availability.

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