Feeding reduced crude protein diets with crystalline amino acids supplementation reduce air gas emissions from housing1

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.–F. Li ◽  
N. Trottier ◽  
W. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Synthetic and Crystalline Amino Acids: Alternatives to Soybean Meal in Chicken-Meat Production

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Selle ◽  
Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam ◽  
Andreas Lemme ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Sonia Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diets

: This review explores the premise that non-bound (synthetic and crystalline) amino acids are alternatives to soybean meal, the dominant source of protein, in diets for broiler chickens. Non-bound essential and non-essential amino acids can partially replace soybean meal so that requirements are still met but dietary crude protein levels are reduced. This review considers the production of non-bound amino acids, soybeans, and soybean meal and discusses the concept of reduced-crude protein diets. There is a focus on specific amino acids, including glycine, serine, threonine, and branched-chain amino acids, because they may be pivotal to the successful development of reduced-crude protein diets. Presently, moderate dietary crude protein reductions of approximately 30 g/kg are feasible, but more radical reductions compromise broiler performance. In theory, an ‘ideal’ amino acid profile would prevent this, but this is not necessarily the case in practice. The dependence of the chicken-meat industry on soybean meal will be halved if crude protein reductions in the order of 50 g/kg are attained without compromising the growth performance of broiler chickens. In this event, synthetic and crystalline, or non-bound, amino acids will become viable alternatives to soybean meal in chicken-meat production.

scholarly journals Nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance of broilers fed diets with phytase and crystalline amino acids

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisangela Minati Gomide ◽  
Paulo Borges Rodrigues ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Antônio Gilberto Bertechini ◽  
Luziane Moreira dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Balance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced-crude protein (CP) and available phosphorus (aP) diets, added with phytase and amino acids for broilers in the growing (14 to 21 days old) and retirement (35 to 42 days) phases on nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus balance. Ninety Cobb broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications with five and three birds per experimental unit in the growing and retirement phases, respectively. Diets were elaborated to contain reduced CP and aP levels (19 and 17% CP in the growing phase, with 0.34% aP; and 18 and 16% CP in the retirement phase, with 0.30% aP), supplemented with crystalline amino acids and 500 FTU of phytase/kg diet. These were compared to a control diet (21% CP and 0.46% aP for growing phase and 19% CP and 0.40% aP for retirement phase). The reduction of CP in four percentual units reduced the N excretion and increased the retention of this element, showing that the phytase had no influence on N balance when used the crystalline amino acids in the diets. The phytase reduced the P excretion and increased the retention ones. The potassium excretion decreased in reduced-CP diets, but this excessive reduction decreased the retention of this element, except in the retirement phase. It was concluded that the reduced-CP and aP diets, supplemented with phytase and amino acids, are efficient in reducing the pollutant power of the broilers excrements in the growing and retirement phases of production.

scholarly journals Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Shemil P. Macelline ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

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