Influence of Energy Intake, Cow Body Size and Calf Sex on Certain Behavioral Traits of Angus-Holstein Cows and their Progeny

Exercise may sensitize individuals with overweight and obesity to appetitive signals (e.g., hunger and fullness cues), overriding trait eating behaviors that contribute to overeating and obesity, such as uncontrolled eating. The objective of the current study was to measure predictors of objective ad libitum energy intake at a laboratory-based, post-exercise test-meal in adolescents ranging in weight status from overweight to severe obesity. We hypothesized that appetitive states, rather than appetitive traits, would be the strongest predictors of energy intake at a post-exercise test-meal, after controlling for body size. At Baseline, 30 adolescents (ages 10–16 years, 50% female (F), 43% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 83% with obesity (OB)) completed state and trait appetite measures and an ad libitum dinner meal following intensive exercise. Nineteen of those participants (47% F, 32% NHW, 79% OB) completed identical assessments two years later (Year 2). Energy intake (kcal) at each time point was adjusted for fat-free mass index (i.e., body size). Adjusted energy intake was reliable from Baseline to Year 2 (ICC = 0.84). Multiple pre-meal appetite ratings were associated with test-meal energy intake. In stepwise linear regression models, pre-meal prospective food consumption was the strongest and only significant predictor of test-meal energy intake at both Baseline (R2 = 0.25, p = 0.005) and Year 2 (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.003). Baseline post-exercise energy intake was associated with weight change over two years (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.04), but not with change in fat mass (p = 0.11). Appetitive traits were not associated with weight or body composition change (p > 0.22). State appetite cues were the strongest predictors of post-exercise energy intake, independent of body size. Future studies should examine whether long-term exercise programs enhance responsiveness to homeostatic appetite signals in youth with overweight and obesity, with a goal to reduce excess energy intake and risk for weight gain over time.

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Costs for health care of Holstein cows selected for large versus small body size

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2012-5344 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 95 (9) ◽

pp. 5384-5392 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J.C. Becker ◽

B.J. Heins ◽

L.B. Hansen

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Body Size ◽

Small Body ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Small Body Size

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Annual energy intake and early post-partum performance of beef heifers differing in body size and milk potential

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600031019 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 134-134

Author(s):

S. Yildiz ◽

K.D. Sinclair ◽

F.E. Gebbie ◽

P.J. Broadbent ◽

J.S.M. Hutchinson

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Post Partum ◽

Ovarian Activity ◽

Term Study ◽

Beef Cow ◽

Long Term Study ◽

The Uk ◽

Different Levels

As part of a long term study to assess the suitability of beef cow genotypes, differing in body size and milk potential, for different forage environments within the UK, eight purebred Aberdeen Angus (AA; considered to be small and relatively non-milky) and eight purebred Simmental (Sm; considered to be large and relatively milky) heifers were placed on different levels of annual energy intake. Changes in body composition and milk yield were recorded and related to early post partum ovarian activity.

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Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates between production, feed intake, feed efficiency, body weight and linear type traits in first lactation Holsteins

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a99-008 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 425-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. W. Kennedy ◽

J. C. M. Dekkers ◽

R. K. Moore ◽

L. Jairath

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Size ◽

Total Energy ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Total Energy Intake ◽

Type Traits

Production and feed intake data on 36 115 first lactation Holstein cows obtained from Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service were combined with conformation data from the Holstein Association of Canada to estimate genetic correlations among production, energy intake, and conformation traits. Traits considered were 305-d milk yield, 305-d grain energy and total energy intake, feed efficiency (fat corrected milk yield/total energy intake), body weight at calving, capacity, size, stature, rump width and final score. Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood based on two-trait animal mixed model analyses. The model contained fixed effects of herd-year, season of calving, age of calving, sire group and a random animal genetic effect. Estimates of heritability were within the published range for all traits. Of the conformation traits examined, capacity, size and stature had the highest correlations with body weight, with phenotypic correlations between 0.36 and 0.43, and genetic correlations between 0.61 and 0.79. Feed efficiency was negatively correlated to all body size measures, both phenotypically (−0.01 to −0.29) and genetically (−0.31 to −0.53), but most significantly with body weight, capacity, size, and stature. Fat-corrected milk yield showed negligible phenotypic and low to moderately negative genetic (−0.07 to −0.29) correlations with body weight and related type traits. Total energy intake was positively related to all measures of body size, most notably body weight, while grain energy intake had moderately negative genetic correlations (−0.20 to −0.40) with the same body size traits. Because of their detrimental relationships with feed efficiency, negative selection emphasis should be placed on body weight and the related type traits capacity, size and stature. Capacity, size and stature are of moderate utility when selecting indirectly for body weight, total energy intake and feed efficiency. Key words: Dairy cattle, genetics, production, conformation, feed efficiency

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