Estrus, Ovulation Rate and Body Composition of Selected Strains of Mice on Ad Libitum and Restricted Feed Intake

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Meyer ◽  
G. E. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

Voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility in vivo in ponies offered a mature threshed grass hay ad libitum

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 130-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. L. Tomlinson ◽  
A. Bayley ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

Many mature, non-pregnant, non-lactating equids are often kept in circumstances where they are expected to perform only light physical work or activity eg: a childs pony. Consequently their maintenance energy and protein needs can often be met at very restricted feed intake levels. Conversely, when they are housed during the winter months it is believed desirable to manage such animals on unrestricted ad libitum feeding regimes in order to allow the animals to exhibit their natural feed intake pattern and consume forage on a little and often basis throughout the daily feeding period. However, ad libitum access to the diet may lead to such animals becoming excessively fat. These conflicting needs of low energy and protein requirement coupled with the desirability of unrestricted access to the diet could both be met, at least in part, if a low quality forage is available ad libitum. This study examines the voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility in vivo of a mature threshed grass hay offered ad libitum and determines its ability to meet the predicted energy and protein needs of mature ponies.

Effects of dry period diet on feed intake, body composition and subsequent lactational performance of dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
K. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous studies (Moorbyet al, 1994) have shown that supplementing grass silage with undegradable protein (UDP) during the dry period can lead to increased yields of milk protein and lactose. These studies have often involved restriction of forage intake through limitation of access time and the feeding of straw. This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of UDP supplementation withad libitumaccess to grass silage as well as the effects of restricting forage intakes by including straw in the diets of dry cows.

Compensatory growth in sheep and cattle. II. Changes in body composition and tissue weights

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Ryan ◽  
IH Williams ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Nutritional Restriction ◽  
Ad Libitum

Compensatory growth can be due to increased protein deposition, reduced maintenance and greater feed intake. However, the contribution to and interaction between these mechanisms during compensatory growth is not clear. It was hypothesized that initial compensatory growth was due to reduced maintenance requirement and greater deposition of protein, after which compensatory growth was due to greater feed intake. Changes in the composition of sheep and cattle were measured during nutritional restriction and subsequent compensatory growth, and compared with the changes in control animals fed ad libitum throughout. At the end of the experiment the restricted cattle had compensated completely, and there was no difference in the body composition of the restricted and the control cattle. The restricted sheep did not compensate completely and were leaner than the control sheep. During nutritional restriction there was differential weight loss of carcase tissues in both the sheep and the cattle. The greatest losses were in the liver and the digestive tract in both species and in the skin of the sheep. It was concluded that the loss of these tissues reduced the maintenance requirement of the restricted animals and that the lowered maintenance requirement persisted during re-alimentation until these tissues had been fully repleted. Further, the repletion of these tissues required an increase in protein deposition, and it was a combination of these two mechanisms that was responsible for compensatory growth during the first 12 weeks of re-alimentation.

scholarly journals Effect of Somatotropin on Thyroid Hormones and Cytokines in Lactating Dairy Cows During Ad Libitum and Restricted Feed Intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 2430-2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Capuco ◽  
D.L. Wood ◽  
T.H. Elsasser ◽  
S. Kahl ◽  
R.A. Erdman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

EFFECT OF DIET COMPLEXITY AND FEED RESTRICTION ON THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIARRHEA IN EARLY-WEANED PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. BALL ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Postweaning Diarrhea ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

Seventy-two crossbred pigs were weaned at 3 wk of age and fed either a simple or semicomplex diet. Each diet was fed at three levels of feed intake: ad libitum, restricted intake by limiting time exposed to the feeder and restricted feed intake by regulating the amount of feed per day. The effects of diet and feeding system were assessed by monitoring piglet performance and incidence and severity of diarrhea. Diet complexity did not significantly affect pig performance. Restriction of feed intake significantly reduced performance compared to that of pigs fed ad libitum. There was no significant difference in performance between pigs fed by either of the two methods of feed restriction. The diarrhea which occurred with pigs fed the semicomplex diet was significantly more severe (P < 0.01) than that which occurred with those fed the simple diet. Restriction of feed intake by weight of food fed significantly reduced the incidence and severity of postweaning diarrhea. Limiting time exposed to the feeder was not a satisfactory method of reducing diarrhea as it resulted in greater incidence of diarrhea than did ad libitum feeding. Diarrhea significantly reduced performance. Restricting feed intake by the methods used in this experiment reduced performance more than did the diarrhea. The number of days taken to reach 90-kg liveweight was not affected by diet complexity, feeding method or diarrhea in the immediate postweaning period. Key words: Diet complexity, feed restriction, pig diarrhea

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY NUTRIENT DENSITY, LEVEL OF FEED INTAKE AND WEANING AGE ON YOUNG PIGS. I. PERFORMANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. BALL ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Ad Libitum

The performance and final body composition of 128 pigs weaned at either 3 or 4 wk of age and receiving either a normal density (ND) or high density (HD) diet ad libitum or restricted (85% of ad libitum) was determined over a 28-d period. Pigs weaned at 4 wk consumed more feed (P < 0.001) and grew faster (P < 0.005) than those weaned at 3 wk, but body weights at a similar age were not different. The HD diet supported greater gains (P < 0.01) and gain to feed (G:F) ratio (P < 0.005) than the ND diet. Restricting feed intake reduced gains (P < 0.001) and improved G:F ratio (P < 0.05). Interaction effects showed that performance of pigs weaned at 4 wk was less affected by nutrient density and feed restriction than that of pigs weaned at 3 wk of age. Pigs weaned at 4 wk had heavier carcasses at the end of the 28-d period than those weaned at 3 wk but there was no difference in percent water, fat or protein. Nutrient density did not affect body composition. However, restricted feeding increased percent water (P < 0.05), reduced percent fat (P < 0.05) and increased percent protein on a dry matter basis (P < 0.02). A significant interaction between weaning age and level of feed intake showed that restricting the intake of pigs weaned at 4 wk reduced fat deposition more than when intake was restricted for pigs weaned at 3 wk of age (P < 0.05). An interaction between diet, intake level and sex (P < 0.01) showed that even in young pigs, barrows tend to fatten more than gilts when energy intake is adequate and less when energy intake is restricted. Key words: Pigs, weaning, nutrient density, body composition, performance

scholarly journals Elucidating the Impact of Feeding Behaviour on Body Composition in Finishing Pigs Fed Ad Libitum Using an Integrative Feeding Behaviour Index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Hernando Salgado ◽  
Steve Méthot ◽  
Aline Remus ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy ◽  
Candido Pomar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Large variability in body composition is observed in pigs fed and raised in similar conditions. Part of this variation might be explained by the feeding behavior of pigs, given its effect on metabolic hormones associated with energy regulation and protein metabolism. The objective of this study was to elucidate this relationship by examining body composition with a new index describing feeding behavior in finishing pigs. Feeding behavior and body composition information on 138 pigs during the last 28 d of the growing phase from three trials were used. For each pig, the sum of the areas between the observed relative cumulative feed intake and the regression line for the evolution of relative feed intake over time was used to calculate the new feeding behavior index. This index quantifies the irregularity of feed intake (IIFI) by integrating different components of feeding behavior into a single measurement. Body lipids and protein composition were estimated by dual X-ray densitometry at the beginning (day 1) and end of the finishing phase (day 28). Results: Weak to moderate correlations (r = ±0.31 to ±0.44; P < 0.05) of IIFI with body composition and performance variables were found only in datasets 1 and 2. However, in dataset 2, IIFI was also correlated with daily feed intake (r = - 0.54; P < 0.001). Irregular feeding behavior is associated to increased proportion of protein (PdDG) and decreased proportion of lipids (LdDG) in body gain. However, IIFI only accounted for 8% to 14% and 10% to 12% of the total variation of PdDG and LdDG in datasets 2 and 1, respectively. Additionally, factor analysis showed that the number of meals and IIFI had high loadings in a factor separate from factors associated with body composition or performance, suggesting that body composition and performance are independent of feeding behavior. Conclusion: Factors other than feeding behavior might be involved in modulating body composition of finishing pigs fed ad libitum.

Voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility in vivo in ponies offered a mature threshed grass hay ad libitum

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. L. Tomlinson ◽  
A. Bayley ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

Many mature, non-pregnant, non-lactating equids are often kept in circumstances where they are expected to perform only light physical work or activity eg: a childs pony. Consequently their maintenance energy and protein needs can often be met at very restricted feed intake levels. Conversely, when they are housed during the winter months it is believed desirable to manage such animals on unrestricted ad libitum feeding regimes in order to allow the animals to exhibit their natural feed intake pattern and consume forage on a little and often basis throughout the daily feeding period. However, ad libitum access to the diet may lead to such animals becoming excessively fat. These conflicting needs of low energy and protein requirement coupled with the desirability of unrestricted access to the diet could both be met, at least in part, if a low quality forage is available ad libitum. This study examines the voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility in vivo of a mature threshed grass hay offered ad libitum and determines its ability to meet the predicted energy and protein needs of mature ponies.

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