KEEFEKTIFAN EKSTRAK TEPUNG DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BEBERAPA JENIS SURFAKTAN TERHADAP ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura FAB.) PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI  (Glycine max L. MERRILL)

Neem leaves powder extract is a bioinsecticide which can be used to control the pest. The active compound of neem leaves powder extract is easy to be disentangled by the ultraviolet, so that the effectiveness of application itis low in the field. The alternative to solve this problem can be used the addition surfactant to the neem leaves powder extract. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence and the kind of surfactant which is best to increase the effectiveness of neem leaves powder extract to Spodoptera litura pest on a soybean plant. The research was using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications so there were 20 unit experiments. The treatment has used some kind of surfactant with the different active compound; linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS), alkyl poly glycol ether (APE), alkylphenol ethoxylate (AE) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (PSM). The results showed the addition of synthetic surfactant with the active compound APE, AE and PSM can increase the effectiveness of neem leave powder extract80 g/lof water to the early death, lethal time 50 and total mortality of S. litura. The intensity attack of S. litura showed APE tends to be better to increase the effectivity of neem leaves powder extract than AE and PSM.

Download Full-text

Diet and nutritional aspects of cardiac rehabilitation

ESC Handbook of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation ◽

10.1093/med/9780198849308.003.0010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 87-96

Author(s):

Aimilia Varela ◽

Constantinos H. Davos ◽

Wolfram Doehner

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Early Death ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Clinical Events ◽

Nutritional Guidelines ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Nutritional Studies

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and prevention programmes aim to reduce total mortality and rehospitalization and increase health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by supporting behavioural changes such as healthier food habits. Nutritional studies have shown that an approach paying equal attention to what is consumed and what is excluded is more effective in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diets are the best studied dietary patterns. Both improve a variety of risk features and are associated with lower risk of clinical events in secondary prevention. Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may respond positively to simple dietary advices, whereas critically ill patients should be appropriately supported in order to reduce the risk of malnutrition and early death. Body weight management in patients with established CVD should be adjusted to individual conditions, risk factors (RFs), and comorbidities, and should be clearly distinguished from simple primary prevention strategies. Unintentional weight loss should be avoided, as an association with increased disease burden, frailty, and adverse outcome has been confirmed. Future studies should focus on the development of specific nutritional guidelines for these patients.

Download Full-text

APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA NABATI BERBAHAN TANAMAN RAWA UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA KEDELAI ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura) DI LAHAN RAWA PASANG SURUT

AgriPeat ◽

10.36873/agp.v22i01.3311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (01) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

Syaiful Asikin ◽

Melhanah Melhanah ◽

Yuni Lestari

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Botanical Insecticide ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Chemical Insecticide ◽

Randomized Block Design

One type of pest that often attacks soybean plant leaves in tidal swamplands is the armyworm pest. The intensity of leaf damage due to armyworm attack in tidal swamps ranges from 30-95%, and can even lead to crop failure. In controlling pests in soybean plants in general, always rely on chemical insecticides. The use of these chemical insecticides has a negative impact on the environment. To overcome this, the control is directed towards environmentally friendly pest control by utilizing swamp plants as a botanical insecticide. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 treatments of swamp plant extracts (galam, kirinyuh, kepayang) and 3 controls, namely without control, botanical insecticide made from neem, chemical insecticide with the active ingredient kloraniliprol. The aim of this study was to obtain a swamp plant extract that could be used in controlling armyworm pests (Spodoptera litura). The results showed that the three types of swamp plants could be used as botanical insecticides in controlling armyworm pests, and has an effectiveness value above 70%. The highest effectiveness of botanical insecticides was obtained at the age of 75 DAP, namely Galam (78.29%), Kirinyuh (78.86%) and Kepayang (78.85%).

Download Full-text

Analysis of Damage to Soybeans Infested by the Common Cutworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). I. Effects of Infestation at Different Growth Stages of Soybean Plant.

Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology ◽

10.1303/jjaez.35.131 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 131-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hiroya HIGUCHI

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Common Cutworm ◽

The Common ◽

Different Growth Stages

Download Full-text

The test of suren (Toona sureni) leaf extract potential as insecticide of grayak caterpillar

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f100203 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 46-53

Author(s):

ESTRI NOVIANA ◽

SHOLAHUDDIN SHOLAHUDDIN ◽

SRI WIDADI

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Next Generation ◽

High Concentration ◽

Significance Level ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Soybean Plants

Noviana E, Sholahuddin, Widadi S. 2012. The test of suren (Toona sureni) leaf extract potential as insecticide of grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) on soybean. Biofarmasi 10: 46-53. Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura F.) is an important pest in the most of food crops (polyphagous). The control of S. litura generally still uses the chemical insecticides that negatively affect the environment and ecosystem. One of the ways of environmentally friendly control was with vegetable insecticides. Suren (Toona sureni Blume) has an opportunity to be used as plant-based insecticide because of the abundant presence. Suren acts as an insect repellent. Suren contains surenone, surenin and surenolactone that act as repellent, growth inhibitor, insecticide and anti-feedant. This study aimed to determine the effect of suren leaf extract on S. litura and soybean (Glycine max L.) crops. This research was conducted in FebruaryMay 2011 at the Laboratory of Plant Pest and Disease and the Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments repeated in three times. Data were analyzed by F-test at 5% of significance level and a Duncan test. Suren leaf was extracted with water then made in concentrations of 50%; 25%; 12.5%; 6.25% and 0%. In the laboratory test, it was used a leaf dip method. The treatment was conducted in the first 24 hours, then it was used the feed without the treatment and observed until the next generation. In the field test, larvae was invested in plants one day before the treatment for an adaptation. Observation was conducted up to seven days after application. The results showed that the application of suren leaf extract up to 50% concentration had not been able to cause the death of S. litura larvae. The suren leaf extract was toxic to S. litura, indicated by the emphasis of eating activity of S. litura, so that the damage caused to be lower and reduced the level of fertility and fecundity so that it could reduce the population of S. litura in the next generation. The application of suren leaf extract in soybean plant by a spray method showed the results that a low concentration extract (6.25%) was more effective to suppress the damage up to 51%. The texture of a high concentration extract was so thick, so that it was unable to spread to the plant parts and formed clumps that fall to the ground, because the leaves were unable to support the fluid clumps of extract. The application of suren leaf extract caused the phytotoxic symptoms in soybean plants with increasing concentration.

Download Full-text

Distribusi Serangga Hama pada Lahan Pertanaman Kedelai (Glicyne max) Fase Generatif di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Benih Palawija Singosari, Malang

BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) ◽

10.33474/e-jbst.v5i2.162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Siti Marirotuz Zahro' ◽

Ari Hayati ◽

Hasan Zayadi

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Measured Temperature ◽

Pest Insect ◽

Direct Technique ◽

Pest Insects ◽

Chrysodeixis Chalcites ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Generative Phase

Pest insects are a term used to refer to insects that potentially as pests, which have the potential activity to cause harm in an agro-ecosystem, either because its activity is damaging directly or indirectly. The purpose of this research is to know the type, distribution, and abiotic factors that affect the distribution of pest insects found in soybean plants of generative phase at technical implementation of Palawija (crops) Seeds Development unit, Singosari, Malang. This research uses descriptive method. Observation of pest insects on soybean plants is conducted directly (visual), based on the presence of pest insects that are considered to represent the soybean plant. The sample taking technique of pest insects uses direct technique per habitat. The results showed that pest insect species are found in generative phase of soybean plants were Spodoptera litura, Chrysodeixis chalcites, Lamprosema indicata, and Phaedonia inclusa. The pest insects were uniform distributing pattern which the average values of all species per week of S. litura, L. indicate, C. chalcites, and P. inclusa, in soybean plants are 0.15, 0.2, 0.17, and 0.19. Based on the results of correlation data analysis, abiotic factors measured temperature and humidity did not affect to the pattern of individual pest insect distribution on soybean plants. Keywords: Distribution pattern, Pest insect, and Soybean. ABSTRAK Serangga hama merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan serangga-serangga yang berpotensi sebagai hama yang memiliki aktivitas yang berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian secara ekonomis dalam suatu agroekosistem, baik karena aktivitasnya merusak secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis, distribusi, dan faktor abiotik yang mempengaruhi distribusi serangga hama yang ditemukan pada tanaman kedelai di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pengembangan Benih Palawija Singosari, Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan melakukan pengamatan serangga hama pada tanaman kedelai secara langsung (visual). Teknik pengambilan sampel serangga hama yang digunakan adalah teknik langsung perhabitat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangga hama yang ditemukan pada tanaman kedelai fase generatif ada 4 spesies yaitu Spodoptera litura, Chrysodeixis chalcites, Lamprosema indicata, dan Phaedonia inclusa. Keempat spesies tersebut pada pertanaman kedelai berdistribusi dengan pola seragam (uniform) berdasarkan nilai hasil perhitungan Indeks Morishita pada tiap spesies menunjukkan angka di bawah 1 yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata tiap spesies mulai dari yang tertinggi ke yang terendah adalah 0,2 (L. indicata); 0,19 (P. inclusa); 0,17 (C. chalcites); dan 0,15 (S. litura). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data korelasi, faktor abiotik yang diukur (suhu dan kelembaban) tidak berpengaruh terhadap pola sebaran individu serangga hama pada tanaman kedelai. Kata kunci: Pola sebaran, Serangga hama, dan Kedelai.

Download Full-text

Bioefficacy of Serratia marcescens isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and their secondary metabolite prodigiosin against Spodoptera litura

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v18i2.1140 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 5-15

Author(s):

Huong Hoai Nguyen ◽

Kha Hoang Anh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Serratia Marcescens ◽

Active Compound ◽

Bacterial Strain ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

16S Rdna Sequencing ◽

Red Pigment ◽

Rdna Sequencing

Bacterial strain SH1 was isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Heterorhabditis indica CP16 released from insect cavaders (Spodoptera litura). Their identification by API 20E Kit as well as by 16S rDNA sequencing showed that it belongs to the species Serratia marcescens. The isolate expressed the toxicity to Spodoptera litura. In the injection assay more than 65 % insects were killed after 10 h at 23 cfu/insect; in the ingestion assay (droplet on leaf surface), more than 50 % insects were killed after 72 h at 170 cfu/cm2. The red pigment produced by the isolate SH1 was confirmed to be one of its secondary metabolites – prodigiosin based on its color, UV/VIS spectra và ESI-MS results. When injected to Spodoptera litura at a dose of 422 ng/insect, the active compound killed approximately 65 % insects after 10 h of treatment, and in the ingestion assay (droplet on the leaf surface) at a dose of 27.66 ng/cm2 killed approximately 90 % insects after 120 h of treatment.

Download Full-text

Total and Cause-Specific Mortality by Moderately and Markedly Increased Ferritin Concentrations: General Population Study and Metaanalysis

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2014.229013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 1419-1428 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Christina Ellervik ◽

Jacob Louis Marott ◽

Anne Tybjærg-Hansen ◽

Peter Schnohr ◽

Børge G Nordestgaard

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Early Death ◽

Premature Death ◽

Population Based ◽

General Population Study ◽

Ferritin Concentration ◽

Heart Study ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Specific Mortality

Abstract BACKGROUND Previous population-based studies of plasma ferritin concentration have not revealed a relationship with total mortality. We tested the possible association of increased ferritin concentrations with increased risk of total and cause-specific mortality in the general population. METHODS We examined total and cause-specific mortality according to baseline plasma ferritin concentrations in a Danish population–based study (the Copenhagen City Heart Study) of 8988 individuals, 6364 of whom died (median follow-up 23 years). We also included a metaanalysis of total mortality comprising population-based studies according to ferritin quartiles or tertiles. RESULTS Multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for total mortality for individuals with ferritin ≥200 vs <200 μg/L were 1.1 (95% CI 1.1–1.2; P = 0.0008) overall, 1.1 (1.0–1.2; P = 0.02) in men, and 1.2 (1.0–1.3; P = 0.03) in women. Stepwise increasing concentrations of ferritin were associated with a stepwise increased risk of premature death overall (log rank, P = 2 × 10−22), with median survival of 55 years at ferritin concentrations ≥600 μg/L, 72 years at 400–599 μg/L, 76 years at 200–399 μg/L, and 79 years at ferritin <200 μg/L. The corresponding HR for total overall mortality for ferritin ≥600 vs <200 μg/L was 1.5 (1.2–1.8; P = 0.00008). Corresponding adjusted HRs for ferritin ≥600 vs <200 μg/L were 1.6 (1.1–2.3; P = 0.01) for cancer mortality, 2.9 (1.7–5.0; P = 0.0001) for endocrinological mortality, and 1.5 (1.1–2.0; P = 0.01) for cardiovascular mortality. The metaanalysis random effects odds ratio for total mortality for ferritin upper vs reference quartile or tertile was 1.0 (0.9–1.1; P = 0.3) (P heterogeneity = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS Moderately to markedly increased ferritin concentrations represent a biological biomarker predictive of early death in a dose-dependent linear manner in the general population.

Download Full-text