scholarly journals Type and timing of first union formation in Québec and the rest of Canada: Continuity and change across the 1930–79 birth cohorts

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Wright
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Union ◽  
Over Time

Trends in age at marriage have been well documented, but less is known about age at first union among recent cohorts of Canadians. Using the 2011 GSS, I document changes in the type and timing of first union formation among Canadians born over five decades, and examine how regional differences in partnering behaviours have changed over time. The trend away from entering marriage directly has continued among Canadians born in the 1970s, but Québec-Canada differences have narrowed. The trend towards later marriage has continued, but age at first union has not changed across the five cohorts under study.Les tendances en ce qui a trait à l’âge au mariage ont été bien documentées, mais moins est connu quant à l’âge à la première union chez les dernières cohortes de Canadiens. À partir de données provenant de l’ESG de 2011, je documente les changements au niveau du type et du moment de la formation de premières unions auprès de Canadiens nés au cours de cinq décennies et j’examine en quelle mesure les différences régionales quant aux comportements liés au partenariat ont changé au fil du temps. La tendance à délaisser l’entrée directe au mariage a continué chez les Canadiens nés dans les années 1970, mais l’écart Québec-Canada a diminué. La tendance vers le mariage plus tardif a continué, mais l’âge à la première union n’a pas changé à travers les cinq cohortes à l’étude.

The diet of red foxes, Vulpes vulpes L., in Victoria

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Coman
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Over Time

Stomach contents were examined for 1229 foxes collected in Victoria during 1968-70. Of these, 967 stomachs contained measurable quantities of food. The fox appears to have a very wide dietary range but is predominantly carnivorous. The main food items encountered were rabbits, sheep carrion, and mice. Lesser amounts of native mammals, birds, cold-blooded vertebrates, invertebrates, and plant material were encountered. For many foods, particularly insects, the intake was markedly seasonal. Regional differences in diet were also apparent. Much of the variation in intake of particular foods over time and between regions was explicable in terms of changing availabilities of these foods.

scholarly journals Visualizing Belief in Meritocracy, 1930–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311881180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. B. Mijs
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Western World ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

In this figure I describe the long trend in popular belief in meritocracy across the Western world between 1930 and 2010. Studying trends in attitudes is limited by the paucity of survey data that can be compared across countries and over time. Here, I show how to complement survey waves with cohort-level data. Repeated surveys draw on a representative sample of the population to describe the typical beliefs held by citizens in a given country and period. Leveraging the fact that citizens surveyed in a given year were born in different time-periods allows for a comparison of beliefs across birth cohorts. The latter overlaps with the former, but considerably extends the time period covered by the data. Taken together, the two measures give a “triangulated” longitudinal record of popular belief in meritocracy. I find that in most countries, popular belief in meritocracy is (much) stronger for more recent periods and cohorts.

scholarly journals PARENTAL RELATIONSHIP QUALITY, FAMILY STRUCTURE HISTORY, AND THE FORMATION OF FIRST UNION IN THE UNITED STATES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Roghani
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Parental Relationship ◽  
First Union ◽  
Parental Relationship Quality

This research examines the influence of family structure and parental relationship quality on young adults' first union formation (marriage and cohabitation) from the ages of 16 to 35. This study also examines whether the impact of the family varies significantly by age. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, an event history analysis is conducted to address how the mechanisms of social learning by family affect the timing and types of first union formation. This research shows an individual with lower parental relationship quality and parental divorce cohabit during adolescence and early adulthood to leave the familial conflict home environment. Furthermore, intact family and higher relationship quality between parents are associated with a greater likelihood of marriage than cohabitation. This study suggests that parental divorce during adolescence affects the timing and types of the first union formation. In contrast, parental divorce in the later stage of the transition to adulthood is not associated with the first family formation behavior. Although young adults with different levels of parental relationship quality had the same rates of marriage, lower marital relationship quality is associated with higher rates of cohabitating. Adolescents who suffer from parental divorce and lower parental relationship quality with better socioeconomic status have lower rates of cohabitating but the same odds of marrying with lower socioeconomic status counterparts. These findings suggest that future policy should include socioeconomic factors in assessing parents' relationships and their offspring's family formation behaviors

scholarly journals First union formation in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: patterns across countries and gender

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 247-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalev Katus ◽  
Allan Puur ◽  
Asta Põldma ◽  
Luule Sakkeus
Keyword(s):  
Union Formation ◽  
First Union ◽  
And Gender

Influence of maternal excess weight before pregnancy on breastfeeding and weaning: pooled analyses of four population-based cohorts born between 1982-2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Thaynã Ramos Flores ◽  
Gregore I Mielke ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Iná S Santos ◽  
Mariângela Freitas da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
Recent Cohort ◽  
Weight Excess ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the associations of maternal excess weight before pregnancy with (1) weaning at age 3mo, (2) duration of exclusive breastfeeding at age 6mo, (3) duration of any breastfeeding at age 12mo; and (4) to compare the magnitude of these associations over four decades. Methods: Data were from participants in the Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts born in 1982 (N=5,334), 1993 (N=1,442), 2004 (N=4,092) and 2015 (N=4,102). Maternal pre-pregnancy weight was collected after the delivery and breastfeeding status was assessed when children were three and 12 months old. Results: Only in the most recent cohort (2015), women with excess weight [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) before pregnancy had higher risk of discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding within the first six months post-partum than women with normal weight [HR= 1.22 (95%CI 1.15; 1.30)]. Duration of any type of breastfeeding until 12 months of age was not affected by pre-pregnancy weight. Conclusion: Excess weight before pregnancy is associated with exclusive breastfeeding only in the most recent birth cohort coinciding with increases in weight excess and breastfeeding over time.

scholarly journals From Aristocratic to Ordinary: Shifting Modes of Elite Distinction

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Friedman ◽  
Aaron Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Elite Culture ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Over Time

How do elites signal their superior social position via the consumption of culture? We address this question by drawing on 120 years of “recreations” data ( N = 71,393) contained within Who’s Who, a unique catalogue of the British elite. Our results reveal three historical phases of elite cultural distinction: first, a mode of aristocratic practice forged around the leisure possibilities afforded by landed estates, which waned significantly in the late-nineteenth century; second, a highbrow mode dominated by the fine arts, which increased sharply in the early-twentieth century before gently receding in the most recent birth cohorts; and, third, a contemporary mode characterized by the blending of highbrow pursuits with everyday forms of cultural participation, such as spending time with family, friends, and pets. These shifts reveal changes not only in the contents of elite culture but also in the nature of elite distinction, in particular, (1) how the applicability of emulation and (mis)recognition theories has changed over time, and (2) the emergence of a contemporary mode that publicly emphasizes everyday cultural practice (to accentuate ordinariness, authenticity, and cultural connection) while retaining many tastes that continue to be (mis)recognized as legitimate.

scholarly journals Maternal reproductive history: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i16-i25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Cesar G Victora ◽  
Mariangela F Silveira ◽  
Fernando C Wehrmeister ◽  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
White Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reproductive History ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Brazil experienced important progress in maternal and child health in recent decades. We aimed at describing secular trends as well as socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in reproductive history indicators (birth spacing, previous adverse perinatal outcome, parity and multiple births) over a 33-year span. Methods Four population-based birth cohort studies included all hospital births in 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015 in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Information on reproductive history was collected through interviews. Indicators were stratified by family income quintiles and skin colour. Absolute and relative measures of inequality were calculated. Results From 1982 to 2015, the proportion of primiparae increased from 39.2% to 49.6%, and median birth interval increased by 23.2 months. Poor women were more likely to report short intervals and higher parity, although reductions were observed in all income and ethnic groups. History of previous low birthweight was inversely related to income and increased by 7.7% points (pp) over time—more rapidly in the richest (12.1 pp) than in the poorest quintile (0.4 pp). Multiple births increased from 1.7% to 2.7%, with the highest increase observed among the richest quintile and for white women (220% and 70% increase, respectively). Absolute and relative income and ethnic-related inequalities for short birth intervals increased, whereas inequalities for previous low birthweight decreased over time. Conclusions In this 33-year period there were increases in birth intervals, multiple births and reports of previous low-birthweight infants. These trends may be explained by increased family planning coverage, assisted reproduction and a rise in preterm births, respectively. Our results show that socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in health are dynamic and vary over time, within the same location.

scholarly journals Evolution of Factors Influencing First Union Formation in Canada

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Turcotte ◽  
Frances Goldscheider
Keyword(s):  
Union Formation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Union

Childlessness and union histories: evidence from Finnish population register data

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Saarela ◽  
Vegard Skirbekk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Population Register ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
First Union ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

AbstractFrom an evolutionary perspective, childlessness may be considered a failure, as it implies that there will be no direct transmission of one’s genetic material to later generations. It is also a pressing social issue, because in many contemporary advanced societies, levels of childlessness have increased, and particularly so among men. The absence of a partner is naturally a fundamental determinant of childlessness. Empirical evidence on how childlessness relates to individuals’ partnership histories is nevertheless limited. This issue was analysed with Finnish population register data, which allow the complete cohabitation and marriage histories of individuals from age 18 years to be observed. For women and men born between 1969 and 1971, logistic regression models were estimated for childlessness at age 40 by partnership histories in terms of various stages in the process of union formation and dissolution, and accounting for several socioeconomic variables. A strong link between union histories and childlessness was found, with short partnership spells raising the risk of not becoming a parent. Later age when leaving the parental home raised female childlessness, while a short first-union duration related more strongly to male childlessness. These findings may be considered as providing insights into how specific life-history strategies affect reproductive outcomes, and highlight the need to develop new approaches to understand this feature of social inequality.

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