Correction of the toxicity control for stabilizer in studies of the silver nanoparticle effect on Junkat cells

2018 ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
Е.М. Егорова ◽  
С.И. Каба
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Jurkat Cells ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stock Solutions ◽  
Nanoparticle Effect

С помощью тетразолиевого теста (МТТ) определяли токсичность для клеток Jurkat анионного ПАВ (АОТ), используемого в качестве стабилизатора наночастиц серебра (НЧС). Целью работы была проверка правильности контроля токсичности стабилизатора по его раствору в воде с концентрацией, равной таковой в растворе НЧС. Сравнивали жизнеспособность клеток после инкубации с одинаковыми разведениями исходного раствора АОТ в дистиллированной воде и в модельном растворе нитрата калия с той же ионной силой, что и в опытном растворе наночастиц. Показано, что токсичность АОТ увеличивается при увеличении ионной силы исходного раствора, что может быть обусловлено изменением соотношения молекул и мицелл этого ПАВ. Сделан вывод, что контроль токсичности заряженного ПАВ, используемого в качестве стабилизатора наночастиц, следует проводить с учетом различия его критической концентрации мицеллообразования в воде и в растворе наночастиц. Toxic effect of anionic surfactant (AOT) used as stabilizer of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was determined on Jurkat cells by means of tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay. The purpose was to check the validity of the control of stabilizer toxicity by using its water solution with concentration equal to that in AgNPs solution. Cell viability was compared after the incubation with equal dilutions of AOT stock solutions in water and in model potassium nitrate solution with ionic strength equal to that in AgNPs solution. It is shown that AOT toxicity increases with the increase of ionic strength of the stock solution, presumably because of the change of monomer/micelle relation of this surfactant. The conclusion is that, for the correct control of the cytotoxicity of charged surfactant used as nanoparticle stabilizer one should consider the difference in its critical micelle concentration between water and nanoparticle solution.

Adsorption of nitrate, chloride and sulfate by some highly weathered soils from south-wast Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Black ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Sulfate Adsorption ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Weathered Soils ◽  
Soil Groups

Soil was collected from a number of sites and depths to 300 cm within four great soil groups (krasnozem, red earth, xanthozem, podzolic). Nitrate, chloride and sulfate adsorption were determined at the soil pH. Various soil properties likely to influence the magnitude of adsorption were determined, and their relative importance to adsorption was assessed using stepwise multiple regression. The subsoils of all four soil groups adsorbed nitrate ranging up to 0.47 mmoles/100 g from 0.005 M potassium nitrate solution. The mean adsorption for soil groups decreased in the order krasnozem, xanthozem, red earth and podzolic. Chloride and sulfate adsorption was largely equivalent to that of nitrate. The variations in adsorption between and within great soil groups could be attributed to changes in organic matter, smectite minerals, hydroxy aluminium, surface area and pH.

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Treatments and Planting Depth on Emergence of Sea Buckthorn Species

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S.C. Li ◽  
Douglas A. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Average Plant Height

The influence of seed treatments and planting depth on the percentage of seed emergence of Hippophae rhamnoides L. `Indian-Summer', H. tibetana Schlecht., H. neurocarpa Liu & He, H. salicifolia D. Don, and H. rhamnoides subsp. rhamnoides, sinensis, turkestanica, and mongolica were studied. Surface seeding had higher percentages of seed emergence and more rapid completion of emergence compared to a 1- or 2-cm (0.4- or 0.8-inch) seeding depth. Seeds soaked in water or potassium nitrate solution at room temperature emerged in higher percentages. Average plant height of the eight species and subspecies varied significantly at the end of first growing season.

scholarly journals Investigation of Inhibitor Polyphosphate Properties for Rotating Steel Disk Electrode in Potassium Nitrate Solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
E.A. Dorokhova ◽  
B.D. Burkitbaeva ◽  
I.B. Melsitova ◽  
T.Z. Ahkmetov ◽  
V.I. Kapralova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Disk Electrode ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Inhibiting Action ◽  
Steel Disk ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution

<p>Inhibition properties of a number of glass-like polyphosphates on 65J steel were investigated using the gravimetry and methods potassium nitrate solution polarization curves in a 0,1M (pH=6,05). The possibilities<br />of optimum experimental conditions were considered as well. Basing on the experimental data the inhibition coefficient and protective effect were found. The inhibiting action of polyphosphates, apparently, is due to the formation of inhomogeneous protecting film on the steel surface.</p>

Nitrate leaching and adsorption in a krasnozem from Redland Bay, QLD. II. Soil factors influencing adsorption

Soil Research ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Black ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Profile Changes

Laboratory determinations of nitrate adsorption from a 0.005M potassium nitrate solution indicated that exclusion occurred in soil from 0-20 cm and that adsorption increased through the subsoil from 0.16 m-equiv./100 g at 45-90 cm to 0.45 m-equiv./100 g between 360 and 600 cm. These profile changes appeared to be related to decreases in organic matter and pH and increases in kaolinite content. Correlation studies showed a strong relation (r = 0.87) between nitrate adsorption and relative net charge as measured by �pH (pHKCl pHH2O) and a negative relation (r = -0.67) with pHH2O. Correlations with sesquioxide fractions were variable and mostly negative.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature and pre-germinative treatments on seed germination of Talinum triangulare (Jacq. ) willd (Portulacaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Gonçalves Brasileiro ◽  
Denise Cunha F. S. Dias ◽  
Vicente Wagner Dias Casali ◽  
Maria Carmen Bhering ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Talinum Triangulare

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperature, substrate and pre-germinative treatments on T. triangulare seeds. Four temperatures (constant 20, 25, 30 °C and alternate 20-30 °C) and two types of seeding (on paper and between paper), with light, were evaluated. The pre-germinative treatments evaluated included: immersion in water (24 hours), immersion in 6% hypochlorite solution (1 hour), immersion in 0.2% potassium nitrate solution (24 hours), immersion in 0.05% gibberellin solution (24 hours) and the control (untreated seeds). The highest germination percentage was observed at the alternate temperatures of 20-30 ºC, but with no significant difference between the substrates at this temperature. Soaking seeds in KNO3 gave the highest percentage germination and germination speed index (GSI), which differed from the other treatments except for soaking in water. Pre-soaking of T. triangulare seeds favors germination and may be done only in pure water, resulting in a more rapid and uniform germination.

The Sheath of Spicules of Leucosolenia complicata

1955 ◽  
Vol s3-96 (36) ◽  
pp. 411-421
Author(s):  
WALTER CLIFFORD JONES
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Dilute hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid, and potassium nitrate solutions dissolve the spicule calcite revealing a thin, partially contracted sheath. Corrosion by potash solution, however, produces a rigid, brittle ‘sheath’, which consists of the true sheath and an inorganic deposit laid down on its inner surface as the calcite dissolves away. The oscular rays, gastral rays, and curved monaxons corrode much more rapidly than the basal rays and slender monaxons in potash solution, and the corrosion is most noticeable on the surfaces transverse to the optic axis, particularly when dilute potash is used. Potassium nitrate solution and water, however, corrode the surfaces parallel to the optic axis, whereas in hydrochloric and carbonic acid solutions the calcite dissolves uniformly all round the rays. When spicules bearing calcite crystals are corroded, the calcite of the spicules dissolves more rapidly than the crystals, which then remain attached to the sheath and appear to have crystallized upon it, though attempts to crystallize calcite upon isolated sheaths, or sheaths supported by the inorganic deposit, have been unsuccessful. The evidence suggests that when crystals form on the spicule surface they are oriented by crystallizing on the calcite through perforations in the sheath.

Colloidal Properties of the Mesogloea in Species of Leucosolenia

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (38) ◽  
pp. 269-285
Author(s):  
WALTER CLIFFORD JONES
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Colloidal Properties ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Optimum Period ◽  
The Times

Oscular tubes rapidly collapse and disperse in isotonic potassium nitrate solution, the cells dissociating and rounding off, and the mesogloea softening and swelling. Reasons are given for regarding the action as a direct one on the mesogloea and intercellular ‘cement’. Transference of the collapsing tubes to sea-water, or isotonic calcium chloride, results in an immediate stiffening of the mesogloea, and the swollen cells form characteristic processes which are best seen after the cells have been in the nitrate solution for an optimum period depending on the temperature. They are not formed after treatment with M/100 potassium cyanide. The action of other isotonic salt solutions is briefly described. When a comparison is made of the times taken for the tubes to become plastic, the ions respectively used fall into three series which are the same as those found in regard to the dispersiveness of certain hydrophilic organic colloids. The experiments provide evidence that the mesogloea is secreted by the choanocytes or by the amoebocytes close beneath them, and that the secretion stiffens into a firmer gel as it passes into the spicule zone. The degree of firmness also varies apparently according to the health of the tube. The action of distilled water and acidified sea-water are described. After the spicules have dissolved the tube still retains its shape and much of its support can thus derive from the mesogloea. The relative functions of the mesogloea and the spicules are briefly discussed.

Nitrate leaching and adsorption in a krasnozem from Redland Bay, QLD. III. Effect of nitrate concentration on adsorption and movement in soil columns

Soil Research ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Black ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Potassium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nitrate Distribution

Nitrate adsorption and movement was studied in soil from depths of 0-15, 40-90 and 160-300 cm. Adsorption was determined at concentrations ranging from 0.5 x 10-3 to 0.5M potassium nitrate and movement by adding 0, 3, 12 and 120 mg nitrogen15 ml of a potassium nitrate solution to packed columns and leaching with deionized water or 0.2M potassium sulphate. In the 0-15 cm soil, nitrate exclusion was evident in both the adsorption and movement studies at low concentrations, but no effect was measured at high concentrations. In the two subsoils, adsorption increased with concentration to 1.9 m-equiv./100 g when equilibrated with 0.5M potassium nitrate. In the subsoils the depth of leaching of nitrate increased with nitrate concentration; the nitrate distribution was skewed; and the rate of nitrate movement was less than that of water. Addition of sulphate to the subsoils resulted in nitrate movement being similar to that of water. The results are discussed in terms of nitrate adsorption. Comparisons with field observations provide further evidence that adsorption is a major process influencing leaching in these soils.

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