Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Forage Yield and Quality of Multi Cuts Oat Cultivars

A field experiment was conducted at Main Forage Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi-2019-20 to study the effect of nitrogen levels on yield and quality of multi cut oat cultivars with aim to find out nitrogen levels on green fodder yield and quality of oat. There were total four varieties (V1: OL 1874, V2: JO-05-304, V3: UPO 212 and V4: RO 19) and four levels of nitrogen (N1: 35 kg N/ha, N2: 70 kg N/ha, N3: 105 kg N/ha and N4: 140 kg N/ha) was tested. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Experiments results revealed that significantly the highest green fodder yield was reported in RO 19 (V4) treatment, while average plant height and average number of tiller per meter row length were reported in V1: OL 1874 and V2: JO 05-304 treatment, respectively. Average plant height, Green fodder yield, average dry matter, average crude protein, total crude protein yield and dry matter yield were found highest by application of 140 kg N/ha. Average tiller per meter row length was higher in N4 (140 kg N/ha) and average dry matter was higher in N1 (35 kg N/ha). Response of nitrogen non-significant in case of average ADF and NDF content.

PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L) DENGAN PERENDAMAN KOLKISIN

Brassica juncea is one of vegetable consumed by many people. One of chemical have been successful to induce mutation is colchicine. The aim of this research was to determine effect of colchicine on Brassica growth. The result show that soaking brassica seeds using colchicine make a decrease in the average plant height, leaf widht and number of leaves compare to control cause abnormal cell division.Keyword: Brassica juncea, Colchicine, Growth response

The Impact of Traffic Noise Pollution on Plant Growth Within Urban Community Gardens

This experiment was conducted to inquire the impact of traffic noise pollution on plant growth within urban community gardens. In acknowledgment of urbanization concerns and the increase of noise within cities, the study was devised to determine if this type of pollution was impacting plants, in addition to animals and humans. To achieve the research goal, two conditional groups with identical set-ups were placed in adjacent rooms. One group contained traffic noises while the other contained natural noises. Plants were grown over six weeks and data was collected both throughout the experiment and at its conclusion. At the conclusion of the experiment, the average plant height for the control group was 104.2 millimeters and 65.6 millimeters for the experimental group. Additionally, the average plant weight for the control group was 1.31 grams and .85 grams for the experimental group. The results yielded T-values of 3.74661 and 1.89107, respectively. With 95-percent confidence, the results showed a statistically significant difference in average plant height and weight between the two conditional groups. The data yielded an answer to the question proposed by the research and fulfilled the purpose of experimentation. A deteriorating effect was found and the impact calls upon city leaders to research the topic further. The results stress the need for a solution involving the reduction of noise to protect the benefits provided by community gardens and the plants within them.

Respon pertumbuhan vegetatif semaian akibat aplikasi mikroba potensial pada rehabilitasi pohon kakao tanpa penebangan

Usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk megatasi penurunan produksi pohon kakao tua dan rusak adalah penerapan inarching grafting atau penyambungan tanaman kakao muda unggul berumur minimal 6 bulan yang ditanam di sekitar pohon tua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh aplikasi Trichoderma asperellum dan Azotobacter chroococcum terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif semaian kakao yang akan disambungkan ke pohon kakao tua menggunakan metode inarching grafting. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak Utama yaitu aplikasi T.asperellum sebanyak 4 g L-1 setiap tanaman, dengan empat taraf: tanpa T.asperellum (T0), satu kali (T1), dua kali (T2), dan tiga kali (T3) aplikasi. Anak Petak adalah inokulasi A.chroococcum sebanyak 40 ml x 108 cfu setiap tanaman, dengan 3 taraf: tanpa A.chroococcum (A0), satu kali (A1) dan dua kali (A2) aplikasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi antara aplikasi T.asperellum dengan A.chroococcum, tetapi terdapat pengaruh tunggal dari kedua mikroba potensial yang diaplikasikan. Pada umur semaian 90 hst, aplikasi dua kali A.chroococcum menghasilkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman 155,25 cm, total daun 41 helai dan diameter batang 13,10 mm. Pemberian tiga kali T.asperellum menghasilkan rata-rata tinggi tanaman 150,89 cm, total daun 41,22 helai dan diameter batang 12,86 mm. Semaian yang diberi mikroba potensial digunakan untuk rehabilitasi pohon kakao tua. An efforts that can be done to overcome the decline in production of old and damaged cocoa trees are the application of inarching grafting or grafting of superior young cocoa plants with a minimum age of 6 months planted around old trees. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the application of Trichoderma asperellum and Azotobacter chroococcumon the vegetative growth of cocoa seedlings which was grafted to old cocoa trees using the inarching grafting method. The research used a Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot was application of T.asperellum of 4 g L-1 for each seedling and cocoa tree, consisted of four levels. i.e: without T.asperellum (T0), one time application (T1), two times application (T2), and three times application (T3). The subplot factor was A.chroococcum as much as 40 ml x 108 cfu on each seedling and cocoa tree, consisted of three levels, i.e.: without A. chroococcum (A0), one time application (A1) and two times application (A2). The analysis of variance results showed that no interaction between applications of T.asperellum with A.chroococcum, but it had a singular effect for both potential microbial applied. At 90 days after planting, the application of A.chroococcum twice resulted in an average plant height of 155.25 cm, a total of 41 leaves and a stem diameter of 13.10 mm. Application of T.asperellum three times resulted in an average plant height of 150.89 cm, the number of leaves 41.22 sheets and a stem diameter of 12.86 mm. The seedlings that inoculated with potential microbes can be used for rehabilitation of old cacao trees.

Effect of Biourine on N Uptake and Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L) Growth on Lowland Ultisol

Research on the effect of doses of cattle biourine on plant N levels and growth of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae, L) in lowland Ultisol was carried out by Desa Bakti in Marga Sakti Sebelat District, North Bengkulu Regency in October 2019 to January 2020. This study aimed to determine the dosage of cattle biourine optimal for N levels and cabbage growth in lowland ultisols. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of one factor consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications, with the treatment dose 0 L ha-1, 1500 L ha-1, 3000 L ha-1, and 4500 L ha-1. Observation data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at ? level of 5% with the Orthogonal Polynomial Test. The results of the study showed that the optimum dosage was not obtained on the variable N levels of plants and soil pH, but had a very significant effect on both of these variables. The optimum dosage obtained on the variable growth and yield of plants includes the optimum dose of 2250 L ha-1 biourine producing an average plant height of 36.14 cm age 45 dap, the optimum dose of 2200 L ha-1 of biourine produces an average plant height of 37.87 cm age 60 dap, optimum dose of biourine 1250 L ha-1 produces an average biomass fresh weigh 1.33 kg, the optimum dose of biourine 1666.67 L ha-1 produces an average head weight of 0.83 kg, and optimum dose of biourine 2000 L ha-1 produces average head diameter of 15.36 cm.

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN SAGU (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) DENGAN PERENDAMAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH IBA

Sago is a plant produces high carbohydrate source. The problem of sagoo propagation by generative are limited number of seeds and low germination. Vegetative propagation of sago can be done through sago tillers, however, the very slow root growth will affect the ability of the sago to survive. One way to accelerate root growth is by administering IBA growth regulators. This study aims to determine the response to the growth of sago saplings by immersing IBA (0, 25, 50, 75) ppm. The results showed that the highest percentage of living plants was found in the 25 ppm IBA immersion treatment with the percentage of live tillers 88.89%. For the parameters of the number and length of roots and the highest plant height was also found in the 25 ppm IBA immersion treatment with an average number of roots of 6.7, 12.43 cm of root length and an average plant height of 49 cm.

Çeşitli Biyoaktivatör Uygulamalarının Çarkıfelek ve Guava Bitkilerinin Fidan Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri

Passionflower is a member of Passifloraceae family, it can be used as medicinal and ornamental plants in addition to its consumption as fruit in the world. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits, which has a rich nutrient content, are consumed both fresh and processed. Passionfruit and guava plants, which can only be cultivated in temperate southern coasts in our country, have gained commercial importance because of the fruits' export potential, high medical importance and nutrient. This study was carried out to determine the effects of some bioactivator applications on the criteria of sapling growth and development of passionflower and guava plants. The experiment was conducted between 2018-2019 under greenhouse conditions. Saplings obtained from seed germination in Akdeniz University Faculty of Agriculture Research and Experiment Area were used as plant material. 3 different commercial preparations called Messenger, Crop-set and ISR-2000 were used as bioactivators. Plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm) and number of leaves (number / plant) were measured weekly, in order to determine the effect of the applications on the growth and development of saplings. At the end of the study, it was determined that the highest average plant height (10.17 cm), stem diameter (13.53 mm) were obtained in ISR-2000 application. The highest average plant height (11.93 cm), stem diameter (16.44 mm) and number of leaves (9.07 units / plant) were obtained from Messenger application in guava plant. When the results obtained are evaluated, it is recommended that ISR-2000 bioactivator can be applied in passionflower sapling cultivation and Messenger bioactivator can be applied for guava sapling cultivation.

Impact of Wild Blueberry Fruit Characteristics and Machine Parameters on Performance of a Mechanical Harvester: Basis for Automation

HighlightsAutomated harvesting of wild blueberry can decrease cost of production.Ground speed and header RPM of a wild blueberry harvester have been evaluated for efficiency.Increased harvestable yield will generate more revenue for wild blueberry growers.This study suggests automation of the wild blueberry harvester to improve harvest efficiency.Abstract. Mechanical harvesting of wild blueberries results in fruit losses during manual adjustment of harvester’s operations in fields of variable fruit characteristics (fruit yield, fruit zone, and fruit diameter). This study examined the impact of fruit characteristics and machine operating parameters including harvester ground speed (1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 km h-1) and header revolutions per minute (26, 28, and 30 rpm) on berry losses. Fruit characteristics were classified into two categories; i.e., fruit zone (LFZ: low fruit zone - average plant height = 17 cm and HFZ; high fruit zone - average plant height > 17 cm) and fruit yield (LFY; low fruit yield - average yield = 3000 kg ha-1 and HFY; high fruit yield - average yield > 3000 kg ha-1). Experimental treatments (ground speed × RPM: 3×3) were randomly replicated thrice under factorial design in four fields at each combination of fruit characteristics (LFZ-LFY, LFZ-HFY, HFZ-LFY, and HFZ-HFY). The fruit diameter was used as a co-variate in this study. With moderate to high variability in fruit characteristics and berry losses within the selected fields, the picking performance of the tested harvester was better in the high fruit zone irrespective of fruit yield at all treatment combinations of ground speed and header rpm. There were lesser fruit losses in high yielding areas at the lowest ground speed and header rpm. The harvester’s picking performance was better in high fruit zone areas at a traditional head height of up to 10 cm above ground. However, 5%-15% variations in fruit zone reduced berry picking efficiency at a constant head height. It is concluded that the selection of an ideal combination of harvester ground speed and header rpm based on crop variations in blueberry fields can minimize berry losses during harvesting. The findings of this study would suggest that automation of the tested wild blueberry harvester could improve harvest efficiency Keywords: Automation, Fruit losses, Mechanical harvester, Operational settings, Wild blueberry.

Pengaruh Kompos Limbah Kulit Kopi (Coffea) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.)

<p>This study aims to determine the effect of coffee skin waste compost on the growth of long beans (Vigna sinensis L.). This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD). Data analysis using ANOVA test. The results of the research showed that the growth of Vigna sinensis L. after being given coffee waste skin compost fertilizer was an average plant height and number of leaves after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks, ie with a dose of treatment A1 (33.00 cm and 19 strands), A2 ( 48.90 cm and 25 strands), A3 (61.27 cm and 3 strands) and A4 (61.27 cm and 3 strands). While the results of the analysis of the value of Fcount and Ftable from the high growth of Vigna sinensis L.. showed at age 2 weeks 8.13 &gt; 4.07, 4 weeks 7.99 &gt; 4.07, and 6 weeks 14.34 &gt; 4.07. While the results of the analysis of the value of Fcount and Ftable from most of the leaves of Vigna sinensis L. at the age of 2 weeks 17.00 &gt; 4.07, 4 weeks 7.58 &gt; 4.07, and 6 weeks 6.44 4.07. The use of coffee skin waste compost fertilizer can increase the high growth and number of leaves of the Vigna sinensis L.. plant.</p><p> </p>

The Action of Chemical Mutagens on the Characteristics of Nigella Damascena L. Plants in M1 Generation

The effect of the chemical mutagens EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate), NMU (nitrosomethylurea), and the new mutagen DG-2 on a number of traits of Nigella damascena L. of the variety “Charivnytsya” in the M1 generation was studied. It was found that treating love-in-a-mist with these chemical mutagens changed such characteristics as plant survival, plant height, number of capsules per plant, number of side shoots and number of seeds from one plant. The dependence of the change in the studied traits on the type of chemical mutagen, its concentration and exposure duration was revealed. Nitrosomethylurea had the greatest influence on plant survival. After treatment with this mutagen at a maximum concentration of 0.05% and with a maximum exposure of 16 hours, the number of surviving plants was 4.3%. The effect of DG-2 mutagen at the concentration of 0.5% and 16 hours’ exposure on the survival of M1 plants was the least different from the control group. In this treatment 60.6% of plants survived, with a control value of 61.7%. The tested mutagens caused the appearance in plants of chlorophyll morphoses with a frequency of up to 0.93%, they were characterized by a change in the color of the leaves and capsule leaflets. Nitrosomethylurea had the greatest influence on the plant height and the number of seeds per plant at the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05% with 6 and 16 hours’ exposure, respectively. After treatment with NMU at the concentration of 0.05% with exposure of 16 hours all plants were found to be unviable. After treatment with NMU at the concentration of 0.01% with 6 hours’ exposure, the average number of seeds per plant was minimal - 17.5 pieces, and plant height - 25.9 cm. The smallest but statistically significant effect on the studied parameters was noted after treatment with mutagen DG-2. In the case of the mutagen concentration of 0.05% and 16 hours’ exposure the average plant height was 40.7 cm, and the average number of seeds - 112.0 pieces, with control values of 47.0 cm and 237.1 pieces, respectively. The revealed changes in the M1 generation imply mutations of different directions in the next generation of love-in-a-mist.