Excavations of the bronze age settlement “Hospital II” in Kerch (preliminary report)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.В. Бейлин ◽  
А.Е. Кислый ◽  
А.М. Михайлов ◽  
В.В. Рогудеев ◽  
А.В. Шарапа ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Eastern Crimea ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Catacomb Culture

The Hospital II settlement is located in the coastal part of Kerch in the basin of Dzhardzhava river. Excavations of the settlement were carried out in 2017 in connection with the construction of the Crimean bridge. Six housing and economic complexes, household pits, an artificial platform, enclosed by stone walls, were investigated. The complex of findings allows to construct vertical and horizontal stratigraphy and chronological chain of development of this site. The most informative findings refer to the Kamensk culture of the Eastern Crimea and, in general, to the Kamensk-Leventsovsk horizon of the Middle Bronze Age. They confirm that the cultural peculiarities of the “catacombs” with the participation of the tribes of the wide district in the Eastern Crimea were transformed into a special type of monuments. Complexes of the Late Babinsk-Srubna horizon and further – of Early Belozersky emphasize the complex ways of development of the original population of the region. Probably, the investigated object was a winter village, the inhabitants of which were engaged in distant-pasture cattle breeding. The territory was also used in the antique era, but to a lesser extent. 9 burials were found: 1 – of catacomb culture, 5 – of Babinsk-Srubna horizon, 1 – of the era of the Great Migration of Nations and 2 – destroyed, of indefinite time.

scholarly journals MIDDLE BRONZE AGE BARROW BURIALS ON THE RIGHT BANK OF THE EYA RIVER IN THE EAST AZOV SEA REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
A. KIJASHKO ◽  
◽  
O. LARENOK ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The North ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Catacomb Culture

The paper elucidates the results of archaeological excavations of destroyed barrow No. 1 of the Yuzhny VII cemetery situated on the right bank of the Eya river in the East Azov Sea region. Twelve burials were studied in the preserved part of the barrow. Seven of them date from the Mid- dle Bronze Age: two belong to the Catacomb culture, and three are presumably of the post-Cata- comb age. Six Т-shaped and one Н-shaped catacombs were studied, as well as burials Nos. 1 and 10 dating from the final of the Middle Bronze Age. The authors identify the place of the excavated complexes among the Bronze Age sites of the steppe Fore-Caucasus and provide evidence showing the influence exerted by the North Caucasian traditions on the Middle Bronze Age culture of the Eya river.

Mound of the Bronze Age at the Ak-Monai Isthmus in the Eastern Crimea: Stereoscopy of Archaeological Time and Space 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.В. Бейлин ◽  
А.Е. Кислый ◽  
И.В. Рукавишникова
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Cultural Heritage Object ◽  
Eastern Crimea ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article represents the results of archaeological digs of a Barrow № 2 (a cultural heritage object) belonging to the «Ak-Monai 1» Barrow Group situated in the Tavrida road construction area. A research area was 1534 square meters. Exploration revealed 13 simple ditch graves, mostly supplied with slab ceilings. 12 graves were initially covered with a burial mound; only one grave was placed inside a burial mound in antiquity. It was noticed that a burial mound had not been formed with a very first grave, but had been constructed by adding new graves to the cemetery, which was a common practice in Early Bronze Age. After completing of several burials a territory was leveled out to the extent possible, in some places it was windrowed. Digs of a Barrow № 2 enabled us to trace and analyze some funeral rite’s peculiarities, especially concerning children’s burials, and to give a cultural and chronological characteristic to the whole Barrow Group, attributing it to the late stage of a Pit Grave Culture. 

scholarly journals Emberi ábrázolás a Változások korában, 4000 és 2000 BC között

2014 ◽  
pp. 113-144
Author(s):  
Tünde Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Cultural Impacts ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
The Bronze Age

Our survey should by necessity begin earlier, from the close of the Middle Age Copper Age, and should extend to much later, at least until the onset of the Middle Bronze Age, in order to identify and analyse the appearance and spread of the cultural impacts affecting the Baden complex, their in-teraction with neighbouring cultures and, finally, their decline or transformation. Discussed here will be the archaeological cultures flourishing between 4200/4000 and 2200/2000 BC, from the late phase of the Middle Copper Age to its end (3600 BC), the Late Copper Age (ending in 2800 BC), the transi-tion between the Copper Age and the Bronze Age (ending in 2600 BC), and the Early Bronze Age 1–3 (ending in 2000 BC), which I have termed the Age of Transformation.

The first religious buildings: ‘sacred huts’

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Bronze Age

The votive assemblages that form the primary archaeological evidence for non-funerary cult in the Neolithic, Bronze, and early Iron Ages in central Italy indicate that there is a long tradition of religious activity in Latium and Etruria in which buildings played no discernible role. Data on votive deposits in western central Italy is admittedly uneven: although many early votive assemblages from Latium have been widely studied and published, there are few Etruscan comparanda; of the more than two hundred Etruscan votive assemblages currently known from all periods, relatively few date prior to the fourth century BC, while those in museum collections are often no longer entire and suffer from a lack of detailed provenance as well as an absence of excavations in the vicinity of the original find. Nevertheless, it is possible to recognize broad patterns in the form and location of cult sites prior to the Iron Age, and thus to sketch the broader context of prehistoric rituals that pre-dated the construction of the first religious buildings. In the Neolithic period (c.6000–3500 BC), funerary and non-funerary rituals appear to have been observed in underground spaces such as caves, crevices, and rock shelters, and there are also signs that cults developed around ‘abnormal water’ like stalagmites, stalactites, hot springs, and pools of still water. These characteristics remain visible in the evidence from the middle Bronze Age (c.1700–1300 BC). Finds from this period at the Sventatoio cave in Latium include vases containing traces of wheat, barley seed cakes, and parts of young animals including pigs, sheep, and oxen, as well as burned remains of at least three children. The openair veneration of underground phenomena is also implied by the discovery of ceramic fragments from all phases of the Bronze Age around a sulphurous spring near the Colonelle Lake at Tivoli. Other evidence of cult activities at prominent points in the landscape, such as mountain tops and rivers, suggests that rituals began to lose an underground orientation during the middle Bronze Age. By the late Bronze Age (c.1300–900 BC) natural caves no longer seem to have served ritual or funerary functions.

scholarly journals Items of the Seima-Turbino Metal Complex from Lower Pyshma River

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Borodovsky ◽  
Yuri V. Oborin
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complex ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
The Bronze Age

Purpose. This article examines the collection of recently discovered items from lower Pyshma River (Tyumen region, Tyumen district), belonging to the Seima-Turbino time, which to be found on the territory of Eurasia is rather a rare archaeological phenomenon. Results. The researchers identified a set of items encompassing bronze objects – spears, knives, celts, an ice pick and mask. This composition of items entirely reflects a standard set of artifacts belonging to the Seima-Turbino time. Furthermore, this set of items is obviously close to religious collections (Galichsky Klad), which contained anthropomorphic metal objects. Of special interest in the collection is a metal mask with a protruding nose made of bronze plates. The sharp angled upper and lower parts of the face are considered to be its culturally determining signs. The shape and appearance of the top of the head may well be classified as headgear characteristic of the Samus’sko-Seima time. Such tight-fitting hats are typical of various samples of anthropomorphic plastic art in the south of Western Siberia. The iconographic features of this toreutics item belonging to the Bronze Age largely encapsulates peculiarities of similar-purpose images that existed in the forest territories of Western Siberia up until the Middle Ages. Conclusion. It is important to emphasize that this collection presents great significance in terms of studying non-ferrous processing technologies. Overall, the discovered items can be considered as both a set of tools, and as part of cult paraphernalia and the transcultural phenomenon of Middle bronze Age, especially in connection with the discovered bronze mask.

scholarly journals Preliminary report on human remains from Tell Masaikh and Tell Ashara. Season 2009*

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Jacek Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Euphrates Valley ◽  
The Times

The middle Euphrates valley (Syria) is a very interesting and important region for the history of Mesopotamia. The excavations are currently carried out at Tell Ashara and Tell Masaikh. The first site is primarily the remains of a Bronze Age (2700–1500 BC). At Tell Masaikh were discovered the remains of a settlement from the Chalcolithic (4500 BC), and the Middle Bronze Age, as well as a huge governor’s palace from the times of the Assyrian empire’s days of glory (800–650 BC). The paper is a summary of anthropological research conducted in 2009. We have been excavated 80 human skeletons (50 individuals from Tell Masikh, and 30 from Tell Ashara). 

FUNERAL CEREMONIES AMONG THE LIVESTOCK TRIBES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Safarali Kushakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Human Burials ◽  
The Bronze Age

In this article, we can learn about one of the greatest features of the tradition of human burials in the southern and bordering regions of Uzbekistan, and about its features in the monuments of the Bronze Age cattle-breeding tribes of Northern Bactria.At the same time, the emergence of early urban states in Central Asia, especially in ancient Bactria and Margiana, was considered

Raport preliminar asupra experimentelor arheologice desfășurate la Beclean – Băile Figa jud. Bistrița-Năsăud, 2017 – 2018. Utilizarea ”troacelor” și instalațiilor din lemn în procesul de extragere și exploatare a surselor de sare, slatină și nămol sărat (I) / Preliminary report on the archaeological experiments in Beclean – BăileFiga, BistrițaNăsăud county, 2017-2018. The use of troughs and wooden installations for the saline resources, brine and salty mud extraction and exploitation (I)

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-137
Author(s):  
Buzea DAN
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Salt Rocks ◽  
Salt Mines ◽  
The Bronze Age

Several hypotheses regarding the variety of functions fulfilled by the seven wooden troughs found until now in the prehistoric salt mines at Băile Figa, Bistrița-Năsaud County, Romania and dated in the Bronze Age, have been advanced. However, until now, no valid and convincing arguments in favour of a functional system in which troughs could be understood as part of the rock salt and brine extraction and/or exploitation processes, have been presented. Even if their connection with the salt areas is indubitable, because they were usually discovered in secondary contexts, their exact application was not immediately apparent. The hypothesis according to which the troughs were used as part of a system meant to direct streams of water to aid in the piercing of salt rocks, belongs to E. Preissig, who developed it in 1877. Although partly agreed by researchers up until 2010. It was our experiment in 2010 that clearly proved the efficiency of the troughs system in perforating salt rocks by fresh water. Between 2017–2018, more archaeological experiments were completed within the project EthnosalRo3 in the site of Beclean - Băile Figa. They have proven that the wooded troughs and structures, utensils and tools associated to them, are effective for: rock salt extraction, brine evaporation (brine evaporation in troughs is possible using hot stones), salt mud filtering. During the experiments we used three precise replicas of the wooden troughs found in Băile Figa (one small and two large), worked by specialized craftsmen from the exact tree species as the originals. Several positions and heights were tested, as well as the application of throughs in individual or group arrangements. Chemical analyses of the brine obtained in different times and ways are provided.

Formation of Ethnocultural Tourism Clusters in Russia-Kazakhstan Borderline Territory

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
O. L. BANСEROVA ◽  
A. R. KASIMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Private Farm

The purpose of the paper is to explore the region’s tourism potential and to identify items of material and intangible cultural heritage for the formation of ethnocultural centers and ethnocultural clusters. The paper outlines the concept of cultural heritage and its role for ethnocultural tourism. Stages of evolution of the concept are described starting from the 1980-ies when it referred only to material objects, particularly, historical and architectural monuments and sites, and up to the inclusion of intangible items in the early 21st century, which was marked by interest in the material processing methods, crafts, household and economic patterns, rites and customs of different ethnic groups. The study is focused on the borderline regions of Russia and Kazakhstan where the patterns of local peoples are most distinctive. As a result of the research, a map of ethnic settlements in the discussed region was drawn, and it was established that husbandry relied on household and distant-pasture cattle breeding, which emerged in the territory as early as the Bronze Age. The planning structure of a private farm, its elements and functional interrelation of buildings and production structures were determined, and the conclusion was drawn that, given the sustained ancient traditional household practices, the researched settlements were of interest for tourism and could serve as sites of ethnocultural tourism and provide a ground for the formation of ethnocultural establishments.

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