RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF SICK CHILDREN WITH GLIAL TUMORS OF THE BRAIN OF THE SUPRENTORENTIAL LOCALIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
J.R. Ashrapov ◽  
G.A. Alikhodjaeva
Keyword(s):  
Glial Tumors ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Prevention of complication in cerebral aneurysm microsurgery, associated with their non-radical clipping

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
A.V. Byndiu ◽  
M.Yu. Orlov ◽  
M.V. Yelieinyk ◽  
S.O. Lytvak
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Aneurysm ◽  
Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Saccular Aneurysm ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Intraoperative Rupture ◽  
Temporary Clipping ◽  
The Brain

Objective ‒ to analyze the effectiveness of intraoperative contact Doppler, repositioning the clip on the aneurysm and pilot clipping of the cervical aneurysm as the main methods of prevention of inadequate clipping of the cervical aneurysm in patients with intraoperative rupture of aneurysms. Materials and methods. Due to the use of intraoperative contact ultrasound Doppler control it was possible to avoid inadequate clipping of cerebral aneurysms in 16 cases, of which in 12 (75.00 %) cases ‒ incomplete clipping of cerebral aneurysms, in 3 (18.75 %) cases ‒ compression of the aneurysm’s artery-carrier, in 1 (6.25 %) case ‒ slipping of the clip with cerebral aneurysm. Perioperative examination of patients, in addition to intraoperative contact ultrasound Doppler control of radical clipping cerebral aneurysms, included clinical and neurological examination, computed tomography of the brain, cerebral angiography, ultrasound duplex scanning of the main vessels of the head and neck. In the analysis of observations of inadequate clipping of cerebral aneurysms (according to contact intraoperative Doppler), the following parameters were considered: size, location of cerebral aneurysm, timing of surgery after subarachnoid hemorrhage, anatomical forms of intracranial hemorrhage. Results. The purpose of the operations was to devascularize saccular aneurysm to prevent its re-rupture, to reduce the mass effect caused by intracerebral hematoma; reduction of intracranial pressure, rehabilitation of basal cisterns of the brain., But in the postoperative period there was a tendency to worsen the results of treatment, the appearance of focal neurological symptoms on the background of cerebral vasospasm with subsequent development of ischemic complications in patients with III‒V degree according to the Hunt‒Hess Scale on admission, in patients with prolonged temporary clipping of the cerebral aneurysm-artery and prolonged mechanical manipulation of the cerebral arteries and cerebral aneurysm. It should be noted that all patients in our sample, with complicated clipping of cerebral saccular aneurysms, had an intraoperative rupture of the MA, which complicated the process of clipping the saccular aneurysm and prolonged the time of surgery and was one of the inducers of postoperative aggravating consequences. There was a tendency to worsen the results of treatment in patients with III–IV degree according to the Hunt‒Hess Scale. Thus, patients with 1 point according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale, there were 2 patients who had II and III degrees according to Hunt–Hess Scale at hospitalization; among discharged patients with 3 point according to Glasgow Outcome Scale was dominated by patients from the second century according to Hunt‒Hess Scale at hospitalization, among patients with 5 point according to Glasgow Outcome Scale dominated patients who had I degree according to the Hunt‒Hess Scale at hospitalization. Conclusions. Inadequate clipping of the cervix cerebral aneurysm is the main type of non-hemorrhagic complications in the surgery of cerebral aneurysms. The Inadequate clipping of the cervix of the cerebral aneurysm includes the presence of residual blood flow in the cerebral aneurysm after its clipping, stenosis/compression of the main and perforating cerebral arteries with a clip, slipping of the clip from the aneurysm. Among the factors influencing the radical and adequate clipping of the cervix cerebral aneurysm are the size, location of the aneurysm, atherosclerotic lesions of the walls of the arteries and neck of the aneurysm and transferred subarachnoid hemorrhage. Reliable methods of prevention of inadequate clipping of saccular aneurysm are the use of intraoperative Doppler blood flow control, pilot clipping of complex aneurysms, optimization and individualization of surgical access. Aggravating factors that lead to unsatisfactory results of treatment of patients and negative clinical dynamics after the operation of clipping cerebral saccular aneurysm are: severe condition of the patient before surgery (III‒V gr. according to the Hunt‒Hess Scale), severe cerebral edema, intraoperative rupture of saccular aneurysm, long-term mechanical manipulations on cerebral arteries (long-term temporary clipping of saccular aneurysm, isolation of saccular aneurysm and «neighboring» cerebral arteries from arachnoid adhesions, frequent repositioning of the clip).

scholarly journals Abscopal effect in a patient with metastatic NSCLC following a course of radiation therapy to the brain

2020 ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
E. S. Denisova ◽  
K. K. Laktionov ◽  
T. N. Borisova ◽  
Merab. S. Ardzinba ◽  
A. A. Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Abscopal Effect ◽  
Metastatic Nsclc ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

The abscopal effect was described more than 50 years ago and is a phenomenon in which radiation therapy promotes the regression of metastatic foci remote from the site of radiation. For decades, this effect has been described as a rare, unexplained phenomenon in patients receiving radiation therapy. Today, the abscopal effect is still an exceptional phenomenon: the mechanism underlying it is still not fully understood. It is believed that the abscopal effect is most likely associated with systemic immune responses that occur under the influence of radiation therapy.We present the case of a 63-year-old patient with advanced peripheral cancer of the upper lobe of the left lung, disease progression in the form of metastatic brain lesions and regression of tumor foci in the lungs after radiation therapy to the brain, while the patient did not receive additional treatment in the form of immunotherapy.The article examines the history of the abscopal effect, an attempt is made to understand the mechanisms of its occurrence, which can help to further improve the results of treatment of patients with NSCLC using radiation therapy and modern approaches to complex cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of different treatment schemes for aseptic meningoencephalitis in dogs of dwarf breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00128
Author(s):  
Eugene Marin ◽  
Valery Ermolaev ◽  
Oksana Marina ◽  
Elena Rezaeva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
The Brain

The article presents the results of treatment of aseptic meningoencephalitis in dogs of dwarf breeds. Diagnostics included a thorough neurological examination: assessment of mental status, ability to perform diagnostic tests, proprioceptive and postural reaction, the consistency and symmetry of cranial reflexes, including of pupil response to light and response to the threat, the presence of involuntary movements and forced poses, the intensity of the muscle tone and tendon reflexes. If an animal is suspected of having a brain lesion, other possible causes of encephalopathy were excluded. For this purpose, a General blood test was performed (to detect signs of inflammation, anemia); a detailed biochemical blood test (excluding renal and hepatic encephalopathy, indirect signs of the presence of a portosystemic shunt); if a portosystemic shunt was suspected, a blood test for bile acids was performed; when excluding all other causes of damage to the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed with contrast with the use of the drug OmniScan. During the magnetic resonance imaging, multiple foci were detected in all parts of the brain, including in the thalamus and trunk; including in some animals, foci that have a tendency to decay and form a necrotic cavity. It was established that before the start of treatment, animals had a wobbly gait, convulsive signs, a comatose state in some dogs, and weak visual reflexes. As a result of studies of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in dogs, it was found that all the data obtained were within the reference values and did not have significant significance in the diagnosis of aseptic meningoencephalitis. Against the background of etiotropic and symptomatic therapy, positive dynamics was observed in patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis.

Aspirin Overdosage: Incidence, Diagnosis, and Management

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (5s) ◽  
pp. 890-897
Author(s):  
Alan K. Done
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Poisoning In Children ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Brain

The importance of aspirin as a cause of poisoning in children has declined dramatically with safety packaging and reductions in the dose of flavored children's aspirin per package. Although flavoring entices children to ingest more tablets, the increment is less than the dose differential between the children's and adults' preparations, and so the latter pose the greater hazard in the individual case. Chronic poisoning of children during therapy with aspirin is aggravated by the peculiar kinetics of the drug, but is preventable and constitutes no essential basis for the substitution of acetaminophen, which may not be devoid of risk factors in sick children. Salicylate levels are essential in the diagnosis and management of intoxication. In treatment, emphasis should be on trapping salicylate in the plasma and eventually the urine-through ionization to prevent its entry into the brain.

The results of treatment of gunshot wounds to the brain in children

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Miner ◽  
L Ewing-Cobbs ◽  
D R Kopaniky ◽  
J Cabrera ◽  
P Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
The Brain

The Results of Treatment of Gunshot Wounds to the Brain in Children

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Miner ◽  
Linda Ewing-Cobbs ◽  
Dennis R. Kopaniky ◽  
Juan Cabrera ◽  
Paul Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Thirty-three children ranging in age from 8 months to 15 years were treated for gunshot wounds to the brain. Half of the children were less than 10 years old. Fifty-eight percent died. Mortality was influenced by the trajectory of the bullet, intent to commit suicide, and the neurological status immediately after injury. The age and sex of the child and the caliber of the bullet did not influence survival. Three-fourths of the deaths occurred within 24 hours of injury, suggesting these patients had a mortal wound from the onset. Eleven of the children were attempting suicide, 9 of whom died; 13 were playing with a gun, 5 of whom died; 2 were shot as innocent bystanders to crimes in progress; 1 was shot while involved in a criminal act; 1 was shot in a hunting accident; and in 2 who died within minutes of arrival, the circumstances of the shooting were not documented. Of the survivors, none was left vegetative after 6 months, 3 had severe disabilities, 9 were moderately disabled, and 2 had a good outcome. The mortality rate is strikingly similar to that of adults with similar injuries; however, the morbidity appears to be less. On the other hand, with simple preventative measures, virtually each injury would have been avoided. (Neurosurgery 26:20-25, 1990)

Subglottic Stenosis of the Larynx in the Infant and Child

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Fearon ◽  
William S. Crysdale ◽  
Russell Bird
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Subglottic Stenosis ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sick Children

This presentation is a ten-year retrospective study on all patients with proven subglottic stenosis admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Some of these patients have required no treatment, others one or two dilatations of the stenosis only; others tracheotomy only; some tracheotomy plus dilatations; some the Fearon-Cotton operation, and a few who had very extensive stenosis of the larynx and trachea, extensive reparative surgery. In this presentation, the authors describe the different types of management, and the results of treatment are assessed and compared.

scholarly journals Field Potentials Recording in the Brain Tissue as a New Criterion for Determination of Glial Tumors Boundaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
M.A. Mishchenko ◽  
A.V. Lebedeva ◽  
T.A. Mishchenko ◽  
K.S. Yashin ◽  
L.S. Lepekhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Glial Tumors ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Our experience with graft stents in the treatment of diseases of the main arteries of the brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
D.V. Shchehlov ◽  
O.E. Svyrydiuk ◽  
О.I. Kravchik
Keyword(s):  
Stent Graft ◽  
Stent Implantation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Stent Grafts ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Guide Catheter ◽  
The Brain

Objective – to study the efficacy and safety of stent grafts in the treatment of diseases of the cerebral arteries.Materials and methods. It was analysed results of treatment of 6 patients (3 men and 3 women) with disease of the main arteries of the brain, where stent graft was used. The youngest patient was 35 years old, the oldest was 60. Results were evaluated by data of somatic and neurological examination, selective cerebral angiography, computer and magnetic resonance imaging. Surgery performed within 1 to 3 months from the onset of the disease. On a modified Rankin scale four patients have 0 point, two have 1 point. All patients received double disaggregant therapy, clopidogrel 75 mg, and aspirin 100 mg per day before the intervention. Sensitivity to clopidogrel was determined by the method of light transmission aggregate. All interventions were performed under general anesthesia; the duration of the intervention ranged from 25 to 90 minutes, average mean was 45 minutes. Used for stent surgery Atrium Advanta V12 and Graftmaster.Results. In four cases, stent implantation had no technical difficulties. In two cases, technical difficulties arose due to the structural features of the stent system, in particular, the rigid system distal to the stent itself, which limits the stent navigation in curved areas. In one case, due to the use of rigid delivery system and implantation of the stent by the method of retrograde opening from the guide catheter was able to implant at the level of the aneurysm. In one case, the stent was implanted without covering the distal part of the artery, after stent implantation a stasis of contrast fluid in the aneurysm cavity was noted. Control angiography after 6 months to demonstrate total exclusion of an aneurysm from the bloodstream. Using the features of the stent, it was possible to separate the arteriovenous complicity between the vertebral artery and the paravertebral venous plexus with complete reconstruction of the artery. There were no intraoperative and postoperative complications. Duration of stay of patients in hospital 3–5 days. In all cases, reconstruction of the artery was achieved with the exception of an aneurysm from the bloodstream or disconnection of the arteriovenous shunt.Conclusions. The preliminary accumulated results of the use of stent grafts in the aneurysms of the extracranial carotid section indicate that this technique has advantages over “conservative surgical treatment” by reducing surgical trauma, no risk of damage to the cranial nerves, shorter stay time. In case of erosive bleeding and arteriovenous joints, the use of stent graft should be considered as a method of choice.

scholarly journals Experience in treatment of glial tumors using the CyberKnife device

MD-Onco ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
E. V. Safronova ◽  
A. A. Fedorova ◽  
M. N. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Stereotactic Radiotherapy ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Glial Tumor ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Glial Tumors ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Disease Stabilization ◽  
The Brain

The study objective is to determine the effectiveness of stereotactic radiotherapy in treatment of glial cerebral tumors.Materials and methods. Results of using stereotactic radiotherapy in treatment of recurrent cerebral gliomas in 30 patients and primary glial tumor in 1 patient who couldn’t receive traditional radiotherapy were analyzed. Treatment was administered both to adults (n = 22) and children (n = 9). Prior to treatment all patients underwent pre-radiotherapy preparation in the form of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance topometry of the brain, computed tomography with topometry, as well as positron emission tomography/computed tomography with amino acids (n = 21).Results. During treatment 2 patient developed grade II toxic reactions requiring emergency medical help. In 29 patients, treatment did not cause any complications. At the time of article preparation, 7 patients were alive; maximal follow-up period was 55 months, median follow-up duration was 8 months.Conclusion. Stereotactic radiotherapy can be used for disease stabilization. The results show effectiveness and safety of stereotactic radiotherapy as a salvage method of local treatment in patients with recurrent glial tumors of the brain.

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