FORMING OF THE IDEAL CITY CONCEPT IN CHINESE TOWN PLANNING (16TH CENTURY BC — 6TH CENTURY AD)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Ю. Шевченко
Keyword(s):  
Town Planning ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Ideal

scholarly journals «ИЗОБРАЖАЯ ЖЕРТВУ»: ПАФОС ОБЛИЧЕНИЯ И МУЧЕНИЧЕСТВА В СОЧИНЕНИЯХ ИВАНА ГРОЗНОГО И АНДРЕЯ КУРБСКОГО

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-98
Author(s):  
Alexey Popovich
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Willingness To Sacrifice ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
The Ideal

The article explores changes in the use of the categories of victim and sacrifice in political literary artefacts in the second half of the 16th century: namely, the correspondence between Ivan the Terrible and Andrey Kurbsky and Kurbsky’s History of the Grand Prince of Moscow. The study shows that the writers of this time used the literary topoi of victim in a fundamentally different way to earlier authors in medieval Russia. The article defines the main means of poetics and rhetoric in the works of Ivan the Terrible and Andrey Kurbsky. The methods for updating the topos of victim for both authors are similar. Each of them desacralizes a high Christian idea and uses it and a topos for subjective and, as a rule, ideological purposes. Such changes are possible due to the mixing of earthly (profane) and heavenly (sacred) logic when dealing with the categories of victim and sacrifice, which is typical for this time. If, for Kurbsky, the people killed by the tsar are new martyrs, then for Ivan the Terrible, they are justly punished traitors. The tsar believes that subjects should be ready to sacrifice their lives for him. Kurbsky does not deny the necessity of willingness to sacrifice, but he consistently proves that the tsar’s personality does not correspond to Christian ideas about the ideal monarch, so he convinces the reader of the possibility of confronting the tsar. At the same time, both authors characterize themselves as a person affected by the actions of the other and use the literary topoi of victim.

scholarly journals Study on the Spatial Radiation Characteristic by Adjusting the Violin Sound Post

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Yuya Nishimura ◽  
Rin Ema Minami ◽  
Sohei Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Sound Quality ◽  
Radiation Characteristic ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Ideal Position ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Sound ◽  
The Ideal

Violins were invented in the 16th century in Italy, many methods of manufacturing and adjusting have been developed. Certain violins are highly valued from a cultural perspective as well as for their high sound quality. However, Violin repairers have carried on techniques that have largely been transmitted verbally from generation to generation, so there is a little detailed documentation. Much research has been done to elucidate manufacturing technology and materials used for these valuable violins. This study aims to support the passing down of certain techniques from an acoustic engineering perspective. Many elements defining the timbre, but this study will be focusing on the sound post and the bridge. By clarifying the relationship of adjusting the sound post to the Spatial Radiation Characteristic, we will estimate the ideal position of the sound post and attempt to present the results in the form of a graph.

“You Will Bring the Truth into Your Kingdom…” The Image of the “True Christian Kingdom” in Russian Spiritual and Political Writings in the Middle of the 16th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-156
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Perevezentsev
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Eternal Salvation ◽  
The Ideal

The article examines the ideas of Russian spiritual and political thinkers of the 16th century about the “true Christian kingdom” under the conditions of expecting the imminent arrival of the Antichrist and the Second Coming of Christ. According to Russian spiritual and political figures of that time, the Russian state should fully comply with Christian notions about the ideal Christian state structure, and Russian rulers and ordinary residents should be filled with Christian piety. Only in that case, Russia could be ready to meet the “end of the world” with dignity, and its Orthodox inhabitants would be able to hope for “eternal salvation”. Therefore, throughout the 16th century in Russia, the search was constantly conducted for the most correct, from the Christian point of view, political and state structure, and domestic spiritual and political thinkers presented in their works various images of the ideal (“true”) Christian kingdom. It was important that the representatives of the interests of almost all social strata of contemporary Russian society (the peasantry, service people, boyars, the clergy) and even the tsar himself took part in those discussions.

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