“Anticamente moderna et modernamente antica”: Imitation and the ideal in 16th-century Italian painting

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 377-406
Author(s):  
Melinda Schlitt
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
The Ideal

scholarly journals «ИЗОБРАЖАЯ ЖЕРТВУ»: ПАФОС ОБЛИЧЕНИЯ И МУЧЕНИЧЕСТВА В СОЧИНЕНИЯХ ИВАНА ГРОЗНОГО И АНДРЕЯ КУРБСКОГО

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-98
Author(s):  
Alexey Popovich
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Willingness To Sacrifice ◽  
Ivan The Terrible ◽  
The Ideal

The article explores changes in the use of the categories of victim and sacrifice in political literary artefacts in the second half of the 16th century: namely, the correspondence between Ivan the Terrible and Andrey Kurbsky and Kurbsky’s History of the Grand Prince of Moscow. The study shows that the writers of this time used the literary topoi of victim in a fundamentally different way to earlier authors in medieval Russia. The article defines the main means of poetics and rhetoric in the works of Ivan the Terrible and Andrey Kurbsky. The methods for updating the topos of victim for both authors are similar. Each of them desacralizes a high Christian idea and uses it and a topos for subjective and, as a rule, ideological purposes. Such changes are possible due to the mixing of earthly (profane) and heavenly (sacred) logic when dealing with the categories of victim and sacrifice, which is typical for this time. If, for Kurbsky, the people killed by the tsar are new martyrs, then for Ivan the Terrible, they are justly punished traitors. The tsar believes that subjects should be ready to sacrifice their lives for him. Kurbsky does not deny the necessity of willingness to sacrifice, but he consistently proves that the tsar’s personality does not correspond to Christian ideas about the ideal monarch, so he convinces the reader of the possibility of confronting the tsar. At the same time, both authors characterize themselves as a person affected by the actions of the other and use the literary topoi of victim.

scholarly journals Study on the Spatial Radiation Characteristic by Adjusting the Violin Sound Post

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Yuya Nishimura ◽  
Rin Ema Minami ◽  
Sohei Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Sound Quality ◽  
Radiation Characteristic ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Ideal Position ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Sound ◽  
The Ideal

Violins were invented in the 16th century in Italy, many methods of manufacturing and adjusting have been developed. Certain violins are highly valued from a cultural perspective as well as for their high sound quality. However, Violin repairers have carried on techniques that have largely been transmitted verbally from generation to generation, so there is a little detailed documentation. Much research has been done to elucidate manufacturing technology and materials used for these valuable violins. This study aims to support the passing down of certain techniques from an acoustic engineering perspective. Many elements defining the timbre, but this study will be focusing on the sound post and the bridge. By clarifying the relationship of adjusting the sound post to the Spatial Radiation Characteristic, we will estimate the ideal position of the sound post and attempt to present the results in the form of a graph.

“You Will Bring the Truth into Your Kingdom…” The Image of the “True Christian Kingdom” in Russian Spiritual and Political Writings in the Middle of the 16th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-156
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Perevezentsev
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Eternal Salvation ◽  
The Ideal

The article examines the ideas of Russian spiritual and political thinkers of the 16th century about the “true Christian kingdom” under the conditions of expecting the imminent arrival of the Antichrist and the Second Coming of Christ. According to Russian spiritual and political figures of that time, the Russian state should fully comply with Christian notions about the ideal Christian state structure, and Russian rulers and ordinary residents should be filled with Christian piety. Only in that case, Russia could be ready to meet the “end of the world” with dignity, and its Orthodox inhabitants would be able to hope for “eternal salvation”. Therefore, throughout the 16th century in Russia, the search was constantly conducted for the most correct, from the Christian point of view, political and state structure, and domestic spiritual and political thinkers presented in their works various images of the ideal (“true”) Christian kingdom. It was important that the representatives of the interests of almost all social strata of contemporary Russian society (the peasantry, service people, boyars, the clergy) and even the tsar himself took part in those discussions.

Localization of Intracellular Antigens in thin Sections with Ferritin Labeled Antibody

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
M.S. Shahrabadi ◽  
T. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Conjugate Prior ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Specific Attachment ◽  
Intracellular Antigen ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
The Ideal

The technique of labeling of macromolecules with ferritin conjugated antibody has been successfully used for extracellular antigen by means of staining the specimen with conjugate prior to fixation and embedding. However, the ideal method to determine the location of intracellular antigen would be to do the antigen-antibody reaction in thin sections. This technique contains inherent problems such as the destruction of antigenic determinants during fixation or embedding and the non-specific attachment of conjugate to the embedding media. Certain embedding media such as polyampholytes (2) or cross-linked bovine serum albumin (3) have been introduced to overcome some of these problems.

Criteria and Methods for Reliable Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
R. A. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ideal Case ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
General Object ◽  
The Ideal

The reconstruction of a three-dimensional image of a specimen from a set of electron micrographs reduces, under certain assumptions about the imaging process in the microscope, to the mathematical problem of reconstructing a density distribution from a set of its plane projections.In the absence of noise we can formulate a purely geometrical criterion, which, for a general object, fixes the resolution attainable from a given finite number of views in terms of the size of the object. For simplicity we take the ideal case of projections collected by a series of m equally spaced tilts about a single axis.

X-Ray Analysis of Frozen Hydrated Sections:The Unconventional Approach

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 754-757
Author(s):  
R. Beeuwkes ◽  
A. Saubermann ◽  
P. Echlin ◽  
S. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Method ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Classic Paper ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
The Ideal

Fifteen years ago, Hall described clearly the advantages of the thin section approach to biological x-ray microanalysis, and described clearly the ratio method for quantitive analysis in such preparations. In this now classic paper, he also made it clear that the ideal method of sample preparation would involve only freezing and sectioning at low temperature. Subsequently, Hall and his coworkers, as well as others, have applied themselves to the task of direct x-ray microanalysis of frozen sections. To achieve this goal, different methodological approachs have been developed as different groups sought solutions to a common group of technical problems. This report describes some of these problems and indicates the specific approaches and procedures developed by our group in order to overcome them. We acknowledge that the techniques evolved by our group are quite different from earlier approaches to cryomicrotomy and sample handling, hence the title of our paper. However, such departures from tradition have been based upon our attempt to apply basic physical principles to the processes involved. We feel we have demonstrated that such a break with tradition has valuable consequences.

High Resolution Study of Polytypism: Application to SiC and Au3 Mn

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
G. Van Tendeloo ◽  
J. Van Landuyt ◽  
S. Amelinckx
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powerful Technique ◽  
Resolution Study ◽  
The Ideal

Polytypism has been studied for a number of years and a wide variety of stacking sequences has been detected and analysed. SiC is the prototype material in this respect; see e.g. Electron microscopy under high resolution conditions when combined with x-ray measurements is a very powerful technique to elucidate the correct stacking sequence or to study polytype transformations and deviations from the ideal stacking sequence.

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