THE IMPACT OF HIV-1 ON THE CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN RHINOVIRUS IN SOUTH AFRICAN AND ZAMBIAN CHILDREN: A CASE-CONTROL ANALYSIS IN THE PERCH STUDY

Abstract Introduction Extubation failure is associated with negative outcomes making the identification of risk factors for failure paramount to patient selection. Burn patients experience a high incidence of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. There is no consensus on the acceptable rate of extubation failure and many conventional indices used in critical care do not accurately predict extubation outcome in burn patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the rate of extubation failure in the burned population and to examine the impact of inhalation injury, as well as other factors, on extubation outcome. Methods Burn patients from a single center over the period 2009–2017 were examined and included if they were intubated prior to arrival or within 48 hours of admission and underwent a planned extubation. Patients were excluded if they proceeded directly to tracheostomy, died prior to extubation, or experienced an unintentional extubation. From this cohort, a matched case-control analysis based on age, TBSA and gender was performed of patients who succeeded after extubation, defined as not requiring reintubation within 72 hours of extubation, to those who failed. Characteristics and clinical parameters were compared between these two groups to determine if any factor(s) could predict extubation failure. Results A 12.3% incidence of extubation failure was found in our cohort of 106 burn patients. In the matched case-control analysis of 48 extubation successes and 58 extubation failures, the presence of inhalation injury was surprisingly associated with extubation success as was a higher PaO2:FiO2 ratio immediately prior to extubation. Higher heart rate and lower serum pH was associated with extubation failure. ANCOVA analysis demonstrated that a sodium trending higher before extubation was associated with more successes, possibly indicative of a lower volume status. Conclusions Classic extubation criteria do not accurately predict extubation outcome in burn patients; analysis of other characteristics and clinical parameters may be able to provide better predictions. A constellation of these parameters needs to be studied prospectively. Applicability of Research to Practice Defining a constellation of parameters that can aid in identifying those at high risk of extubation failure could change practice.

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Extubation Failure in a Burn Intensive Care Unit: Examination of Contributing Factors

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/iraa162 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Julie A Rizzo ◽

Mahdi Haq ◽

Ryan A McMahon ◽

James K Aden ◽

Daniel B Brillhart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extubation Failure ◽

Case Control ◽

Inhalation Injury ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Matched Case ◽

Case Control Analysis ◽

Patients Experience ◽

The Impact

Abstract Extubation failure is associated with negative outcomes making the identification of risk factors for failure paramount. Burn patients experience a high incidence of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. There is no consensus on the acceptable rate of extubation failure and many conventional indices do not accurately predict extubation outcomes in burn patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the rate of extubation failure in the burned population and to examine the impact of factors on extubation outcomes. Burn patients from a single center over 9 years were examined and included if they were intubated prior to arrival or within 48 hours of admission and underwent a planned extubation. From this cohort, a matched case–control analysis based on age, TBSA, and sex was performed of patients who succeeded after extubation, defined as not requiring reintubation within 72 hours, to those who failed. Characteristics and clinical parameters were compared to determine whether any factors could predict extubation failure. There was a 12.3% incidence of extubation failure. In the matched case–control analysis, the presence of inhalation injury was associated with extubation success. Higher heart rate and lower serum pH were associated with extubation failure. ANCOVA analysis demonstrated that a sodium trending higher before extubation was associated with more successes, possibly indicative of a lower volume status. Classic extubation criteria do not accurately predict extubation outcomes in burn patients; analysis of other parameters may be able to provide better predictions. A constellation of these parameters needs to be studied prospectively.

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The impact of health literacy on shared decision making before elective surgery: a propensity matched case control analysis

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-018-3755-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gildasio S. De Oliveira ◽

Martin Errea ◽

Jane Bialek ◽

Mark C. Kendall ◽

Robert J. McCarthy

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Shared Decision Making ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Shared Decision ◽

Matched Case ◽

Case Control Analysis ◽

The Impact

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Preoperative serum sodium measurements and postoperative inpatient mortality: A case-control analysis of data from the South African Surgical Outcomes Study

South African Medical Journal ◽

10.7196/samj.2018.v108i10.13178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (10) ◽

pp. 847

Author(s):

M Ramburuth ◽

Y Moodley ◽

P D Gopalan

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Serum Sodium ◽

Surgical Outcomes ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Inpatient Mortality ◽

The South ◽

Preoperative Serum ◽

Outcomes Study ◽

Case Control Analysis

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CPCNP: Tratamiento inmuno-oncológico y masa tumoral

Karger Kompass Neumología ◽

10.1159/000507236 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 59-60

Author(s):

Oscar Chanona-Alcocer

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Case Control ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Control Analysis ◽

Tumor Mass ◽

Case Control Analysis ◽

The Impact

Background: Immuno-oncological (IO) therapies such as PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies have been introduced in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) since 2015 based on randomized trials showing unprecedentedad vantages in overall survival (OS) with hazard ratios (HRs) between 0.5 and 0.7. The impact of these treatmentson OS in routine clinical practice and the role of tumor mass have not been studied. Methods: 557 consecutive patients with inoperable stage III or stage IV NSCLC diagnosed in our certified lung cancer center from 2006 to 2018 were included if they had received at least one line of systemic treatment.OS of immuno-oncologically treated patients (IO patients, n = 144) who received treatment with a PD-1 antibody (nivolumab [n = 77] or pembrolizumab [n = 51]) or a PD-L1 antibody (atezolizumab [n = 4] or durvalumab [n = 12]) was compared to historic controls treated before availability ofIO treatment (n = 413) using case-control analysis. IO patientsand historic controls were individually matched forstage, performance state, histology, smoking status, gender,age, and initial treatment mode (palliative vs. definitive radio-chemotherapy). Results: Case-control analysis of 91 matched pairs showed significantly longer OS in IO patients compared to historic controls (21.2 vs. 10.9 months, HR 0.526, CI 0.373-0.723). The benefit was more pronounced inpatients with lower tumor stage (HR 0.48 [stage III], 0.40 [IVA], 0.63 [IVB]) or smaller tumor size (HR 0.38 [RECIST ≤57 mm], 0.40 [RECIST 58-94 mm], 0.59 [RECIST 95-141 mm], 0.75 [RECIST ≥142 mm]). Conclusions: IO patients showed significant benefit in OS with HRs comparable to those reported in phase III trials. The benefit tended to be greater in patients with lower tumor mass.

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